{
  "dataset": "actor-control",
  "schemaVersion": 2,
  "version": "2026-09-07",
  "updated": "2026-09-07",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0",
  "attribution": "Mean Free Path, Pierre F. Ribault",
  "canonical": "https://pierreribault.com/data/actor-control.json",
  "data": {
    "groups": {
      "Atlas Copco": {
        "hq": "SE",
        "members": [
          "Edwards Vacuum",
          "Leybold",
          "Gamma Vacuum",
          "Montana Instruments"
        ]
      },
      "Busch Group": {
        "hq": "DE",
        "members": [
          "Pfeiffer Vacuum",
          "Nor-Cal Products"
        ]
      },
      "Bluefors": {
        "hq": "FI",
        "members": [
          "Cryomech"
        ]
      },
      "MKS Instruments": {
        "hq": "US",
        "members": [
          "MKS Instruments"
        ]
      }
    },
    "controlLayer": [
      {
        "name": "Cumulocity",
        "control": "DE",
        "note": "IIoT platform under Edwards predictive maintenance"
      },
      {
        "name": "Siemens",
        "control": "DE",
        "note": "WinCC OA, the SCADA under big-science and fab vacuum"
      },
      {
        "name": "AWS / Azure / Google Cloud",
        "control": "US",
        "note": "the cloud and ML layer over fab fleets"
      }
    ],
    "entries": [
      {
        "name": "Edwards Vacuum",
        "parent": "Atlas Copco",
        "control": "SE",
        "role": "vacuum-oem",
        "chokepoint": "Fab dry pumps and predictive maintenance (SIS)",
        "ref": "Atlas Copco completes acquisition of Edwards Group, 9 Jan 2014 · https://www.atlascopcogroup.com/en/media/press-releases/2014/140109-edwards"
      },
      {
        "name": "Leybold",
        "parent": "Atlas Copco",
        "control": "SE",
        "role": "vacuum-oem",
        "ref": "Atlas Copco completes Leybold vacuum acquisition (from OC Oerlikon), 1 Sep 2016 · https://www.atlascopcogroup.com/en/media/press-releases/2016/20160901-acquisition"
      },
      {
        "name": "Pfeiffer Vacuum",
        "parent": "Busch Group",
        "control": "DE",
        "role": "vacuum-oem",
        "ref": "Majority held by Pangea GmbH (Busch SE) since the 2017 tender (EUR 110/share); domination and profit-and-loss transfer agreement with Pangea, Jan 2024 · https://www.webdisclosure.com/press-release/pfeiffer-vacuum-technology-ag-pfeiffer-vacuum-technology-ag-is-entering-into-a-domination-and-profit-and-loss-transfer-agreement-with-pangea-gmbh-r7yJ39J0211"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agilent Vacuum",
        "control": "US",
        "role": "vacuum-oem",
        "ref": "[B] Subsidiary of Agilent Technologies (NYSE: A)"
      },
      {
        "name": "ULVAC",
        "control": "JP",
        "role": "vacuum-oem",
        "chokepoint": "Fab dry pumps and abatement (Asia lock)",
        "ref": "[A] Public company (TSE: 6728)"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ebara",
        "control": "JP",
        "role": "vacuum-oem",
        "chokepoint": "Fab dry pumps and abatement (Asia lock)",
        "ref": "[B] Public company"
      },
      {
        "name": "Shimadzu",
        "control": "JP",
        "role": "vacuum-oem",
        "ref": "[B] Public company"
      },
      {
        "name": "MKS Instruments",
        "control": "US",
        "role": "instrumentation",
        "chokepoint": "Process control and gauges (Granville-Phillips)",
        "ref": "[A] Public company (NASDAQ: MKSI); acquired Atotech in 2022; instrumentation and vacuum subsystems"
      },
      {
        "name": "INFICON",
        "control": "CH",
        "role": "instrumentation",
        "chokepoint": "RGA, leak detection, fab analytics",
        "ref": "[A] Public company (SIX: IFCN)"
      },
      {
        "name": "VAT Group",
        "control": "CH",
        "role": "components",
        "chokepoint": "UHV gate valves, near-monopoly",
        "ref": "[A] Public company (SIX: VACN)"
      },
      {
        "name": "SAES Getters",
        "control": "IT",
        "role": "components",
        "chokepoint": "Getters, near-monopoly",
        "ref": "[B] Public company"
      },
      {
        "name": "Kurt J. Lesker",
        "control": "US",
        "role": "components",
        "ref": "[B] Privately held, Jefferson Hills PA (US)"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nor-Cal Products",
        "parent": "Busch Group",
        "control": "DE",
        "role": "components",
        "ref": "Acquired by Pfeiffer Vacuum, effective 22 Jun 2017 (USD 68M); under Busch via Pfeiffer · https://s1.q4cdn.com/944141433/files/doc_news/archive/en/2017/pfeiffer-vacuum-press-release-nor-cal-products.pdf"
      },
      {
        "name": "MDC Precision",
        "control": "US",
        "role": "components",
        "ref": "[B] Privately held, US"
      },
      {
        "name": "Allectra",
        "control": "DE",
        "role": "components",
        "ref": "[B] Privately held, DE"
      },
      {
        "name": "VACOM",
        "control": "DE",
        "role": "components",
        "ref": "[B] Privately held, DE"
      },
      {
        "name": "Gamma Vacuum",
        "parent": "Atlas Copco",
        "control": "SE",
        "role": "components",
        "ref": "Acquired by Edwards, Aug 2013; under Atlas Copco via Edwards since Jan 2014 · https://www.atlascopcogroup.com/en/media/press-releases/2014/140109-edwards"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bluefors",
        "control": "FI",
        "role": "components",
        "chokepoint": "Dilution refrigerators, world leader for superconducting quantum",
        "ref": "[B] Privately held, Helsinki; acquired Cryomech (Syracuse, NY) in 2023"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cryomech",
        "parent": "Bluefors",
        "control": "FI",
        "role": "components",
        "ref": "Bluefors closes the acquisition of Cryomech, 28 Mar 2023 (CFIUS and ESOP approved) · https://bluefors.com/press-releases/bluefors-closes-the-acquisition-of-cryomech/"
      },
      {
        "name": "Montana Instruments",
        "parent": "Atlas Copco",
        "control": "SE",
        "role": "components",
        "ref": "Atlas Copco completes acquisition of Montana Instruments, 21 Nov 2022 · https://www.atlascopcogroup.com/en/media/press-releases/2022/20221121-montana-closing"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oxford Instruments NanoScience",
        "control": "UK",
        "role": "components",
        "ref": "[B] Subsidiary of Oxford Instruments (LSE: OXIG)"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sumitomo SHI Cryogenics",
        "control": "JP",
        "role": "components",
        "chokepoint": "GM cryocoolers, a leading supplier",
        "ref": "[B] Subsidiary of Sumitomo Heavy Industries (public)"
      },
      {
        "name": "Lake Shore Cryotronics",
        "control": "US",
        "role": "instrumentation",
        "ref": "[B] Privately held, US"
      },
      {
        "name": "Plansee",
        "control": "AT",
        "role": "materials",
        "chokepoint": "Refractory metals (Mo, W)",
        "ref": "[B] Privately held, Reutte (AT)"
      },
      {
        "name": "Air Liquide adv tech",
        "control": "FR",
        "role": "materials",
        "chokepoint": "Helium and large cryogenic plants (duopoly with Linde)",
        "ref": "[B] Subsidiary of Air Liquide (public)"
      },
      {
        "name": "Linde Kryotechnik",
        "control": "CH",
        "role": "materials",
        "chokepoint": "Large helium liquefiers for big science (duopoly with Air Liquide)",
        "ref": "[B] Subsidiary of Linde plc (public)"
      },
      {
        "name": "ASML",
        "control": "NL",
        "role": "equipment",
        "chokepoint": "EUV lithography, sole supplier",
        "ref": "[A] Public company (AMS: ASML)"
      },
      {
        "name": "Applied Materials",
        "control": "US",
        "role": "equipment",
        "chokepoint": "Deposition and etch, plus the AIx data layer",
        "ref": "[A] Public company (NASDAQ: AMAT)"
      },
      {
        "name": "Lam Research",
        "control": "US",
        "role": "equipment",
        "chokepoint": "Etch, plus Equipment Intelligence",
        "ref": "[A] Public company (NASDAQ: LRCX)"
      },
      {
        "name": "KLA",
        "control": "US",
        "role": "equipment",
        "chokepoint": "Inspection and metrology",
        "ref": "[A] Public company (NASDAQ: KLAC)"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tokyo Electron",
        "control": "JP",
        "role": "equipment",
        "ref": "[A] Public company (TSE: 8035)"
      },
      {
        "name": "ASM International",
        "control": "NL",
        "role": "equipment",
        "chokepoint": "ALD reference",
        "ref": "[B] Public company"
      },
      {
        "name": "Canon",
        "control": "JP",
        "role": "equipment",
        "ref": "[B] Public company"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nikon",
        "control": "JP",
        "role": "equipment",
        "ref": "[B] Public company"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hitachi High-Tech",
        "control": "JP",
        "role": "equipment",
        "ref": "[B] Subsidiary of Hitachi (public); delisted 2020 after full parent acquisition"
      },
      {
        "name": "SCREEN",
        "control": "JP",
        "role": "equipment",
        "ref": "[A] Public company (TSE: 7735)"
      },
      {
        "name": "Naura",
        "control": "CN",
        "role": "equipment",
        "chokepoint": "China's sovereign tool base",
        "ref": "[B] Public company"
      },
      {
        "name": "Lasertec",
        "control": "JP",
        "role": "equipment",
        "chokepoint": "Actinic EUV mask and blank inspection, monopoly",
        "ref": "[A] Public company (TSE: 6920)"
      },
      {
        "name": "DISCO",
        "control": "JP",
        "role": "equipment",
        "chokepoint": "Wafer dicing and grinding, the dominant maker",
        "ref": "[A] Public company (TSE: 6146)"
      },
      {
        "name": "Advantest",
        "control": "JP",
        "role": "equipment",
        "chokepoint": "Chip test, the ATE duopoly with Teradyne",
        "ref": "[B] Public company"
      },
      {
        "name": "Teradyne",
        "control": "US",
        "role": "equipment",
        "chokepoint": "Chip test, the ATE duopoly with Advantest",
        "ref": "[B] Public company"
      },
      {
        "name": "NuFlare",
        "control": "JP",
        "role": "equipment",
        "chokepoint": "Electron-beam mask writers, a leader",
        "ref": "[B] Public company"
      },
      {
        "name": "KOKUSAI Electric",
        "control": "JP",
        "role": "equipment",
        "ref": "[B] Public company"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aixtron",
        "control": "DE",
        "role": "equipment",
        "ref": "[B] Public company"
      },
      {
        "name": "EV Group",
        "control": "AT",
        "role": "equipment",
        "ref": "[B] Privately held, AT"
      },
      {
        "name": "SUSS MicroTec",
        "control": "DE",
        "role": "equipment",
        "ref": "[B] Public company"
      },
      {
        "name": "Veeco",
        "control": "US",
        "role": "equipment",
        "ref": "[B] Public company"
      },
      {
        "name": "Axcelis",
        "control": "US",
        "role": "equipment",
        "ref": "[B] Public company"
      },
      {
        "name": "Onto Innovation",
        "control": "US",
        "role": "equipment",
        "ref": "[B] Public company"
      },
      {
        "name": "ACM Research",
        "control": "US",
        "role": "equipment",
        "ref": "[B] Public company"
      },
      {
        "name": "AMEC",
        "control": "CN",
        "role": "equipment",
        "ref": "[B] Public company"
      },
      {
        "name": "SEMES",
        "control": "KR",
        "role": "equipment",
        "ref": "[B] Subsidiary of Samsung Electronics, see Samsung Semiconductor ref"
      },
      {
        "name": "TSMC",
        "control": "TW",
        "role": "fab",
        "chokepoint": "Over 90 percent of leading-edge logic",
        "ref": "[A] Public company (TWSE: 2330)"
      },
      {
        "name": "Samsung Semiconductor",
        "control": "KR",
        "role": "fab",
        "chokepoint": "Memory and logic at the frontier",
        "ref": "[B] Subsidiary of Samsung Electronics (KRX: 005930)"
      },
      {
        "name": "SK hynix",
        "control": "KR",
        "role": "fab",
        "chokepoint": "HBM leader",
        "ref": "[A] Public company (KRX: 000660)"
      },
      {
        "name": "Intel",
        "control": "US",
        "role": "fab",
        "ref": "[A] Public company (NASDAQ: INTC)"
      },
      {
        "name": "Micron",
        "control": "US",
        "role": "fab",
        "chokepoint": "Only US-headquartered memory maker",
        "ref": "[A] Public company (NASDAQ: MU)"
      },
      {
        "name": "GlobalFoundries",
        "control": "US",
        "role": "fab",
        "ref": "[A] Public company (NASDAQ: GFS)"
      },
      {
        "name": "UMC",
        "control": "TW",
        "role": "fab",
        "ref": "[B] Public company"
      },
      {
        "name": "SMIC",
        "control": "CN",
        "role": "fab",
        "ref": "[B] Public company"
      },
      {
        "name": "Kioxia",
        "control": "JP",
        "role": "fab",
        "ref": "[B] Public company"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rapidus",
        "control": "JP",
        "role": "fab",
        "ref": "[B] Privately held, JP; Japanese government-industry consortium"
      },
      {
        "name": "Infineon",
        "control": "DE",
        "role": "fab",
        "chokepoint": "Power semiconductors, world leader",
        "ref": "[A] Public company (ETR: IFX)"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sony Semiconductor",
        "control": "JP",
        "role": "fab",
        "chokepoint": "CMOS image sensors, world leader",
        "ref": "[B] Subsidiary of Sony Group (public)"
      },
      {
        "name": "Texas Instruments",
        "control": "US",
        "role": "fab",
        "chokepoint": "Analog, the largest maker",
        "ref": "[A] Public company (NASDAQ: TXN)"
      },
      {
        "name": "NXP",
        "control": "NL",
        "role": "fab",
        "ref": "[B] Public company"
      },
      {
        "name": "onsemi",
        "control": "US",
        "role": "fab",
        "ref": "[B] Public company"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tower Semiconductor",
        "control": "IL",
        "role": "fab",
        "ref": "[B] Public company"
      },
      {
        "name": "VIS",
        "control": "TW",
        "role": "fab",
        "ref": "[B] Public company"
      },
      {
        "name": "PSMC",
        "control": "TW",
        "role": "fab",
        "ref": "[B] Public company"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hua Hong",
        "control": "CN",
        "role": "fab",
        "ref": "[B] Public company"
      },
      {
        "name": "CXMT",
        "control": "CN",
        "role": "fab",
        "ref": "[B] Privately held, CN"
      },
      {
        "name": "YMTC",
        "control": "CN",
        "role": "fab",
        "ref": "[B] Privately held, CN"
      }
    ]
  }
}