{ "dataset": "brazing", "schemaVersion": 2, "version": "2026-09-07", "updated": "2026-09-07", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "attribution": "Mean Free Path, Pierre F. Ribault", "canonical": "https://pierreribault.com/data/brazing.json", "data": { "statut_global": "candidate", "note": "Aucune valeur de ce jeu n est validated. Les entrees no-curve et no-data sont des absences DECLAREES, avec leur motif, pas des trous. Les regles sans sources[] sont declarees non sourcees et le restent jusqu a sourcing.", "sourceRegistry": { "S-CAS-VAC": { "cite": "Manufacturing and Assembly for Vacuum Technology, CERN Accelerator School, arXiv:2006.12072, section 3.4.2", "rating": "A" }, "S-CAS-BRAZE": { "cite": "S. Mathot, Vacuum Brazing, CERN Accelerator School, arXiv:2602.05782 (CDS 2954267)", "rating": "A" }, "S-NOVA": { "cite": "Mechanical design of ceramic beam tube braze joints for NOvA kicker magnets, arXiv:1207.3822, section Ceramic-to-Kovar joint design", "rating": "A" }, "S-PAT-2667427": { "cite": "US 2,667,427, H. J. Nolte, Method of Metalizing a Ceramic Member, General Electric, filed 27 July 1951, issued 26 January 1954" }, "S-RCA-ETD-STRATER": { "cite": "K. Strater, Joining Metals to Glasses and Ceramics, in Electron Tube Design, Radio Corporation of America, Electron Tube Division, first printing 1962, page 354" }, "S-RCA-ETD-BERG": { "cite": "M. Berg, Ceramics and Ceramic-to-Metal Seals, in Electron Tube Design, Radio Corporation of America, Electron Tube Division, first printing 1962, page 459" }, "S-SCHWARTZ-BRAZING": { "cite": "M. M. Schwartz, Brazing, 2nd edition, ASM International, 2003, chapter 4, Base Metals and Base-Metal Family Groups, DOI 10.1361/brse2003p063", "rating": "A", "conditions": "Chapter 4 of the second edition, book pages 63 to 162 in the copy read, which treats base metals family by family and states metallurgical reactions, atmosphere limits and filler selection guides. It is a handbook chapter, not a qualification record. The page of each statement is carried by the entry that uses it, never by this registry line." }, "S-SANDIA-NB": { "cite": "J. J. Stephens et al., Direct-Brazing of Sapphire to Niobium, Sandia National Laboratories, OSTI 1141824", "rating": "A" }, "S-STROPPA": { "cite": "Stroppa et al., Calculating Joint Clearance at Brazing Temperature, Welding Journal, September 2010 (brazing ranges by AWS classification)", "rating": "B" }, "S-HAYNES": { "cite": "Haynes International, Brazing and Soldering, implementation guide", "rating": "B" }, "S-AGCUTI-TC4": { "cite": "Specially Structured AgCuTi Foil Enables High-Strength and Defect-Free Brazing of Sapphire and Ti6Al4V Alloys, PMC11313281", "rating": "A" }, "S-SAPPHIRE-VIEWPORT": { "cite": "Sapphire optical viewport for high pressure and temperature applications, arXiv:2106.09559 (composition 59 Ag, 27,25 Cu, 12,5 In, 1,25 Ti, melting near 700 C, oxygen-free atmosphere)", "rating": "A" }, "S-GLASSDYN": { "cite": "Glass Dynamics LLC, Corning 7052 Kovar Sealing data sheet" }, "S-ELAN-21": { "cite": "Elan Technology, Material 21, designation Corning 7052" }, "S-SCHOTT-8250": { "cite": "SCHOTT, Sealing Glass Tubing and Rods, product variants", "rating": "B" }, "S-PANOS-OFC": { "cite": "Oxygen free copper alloy, table 1, materials property library (PANOS), qedfusion.org/LIB/PROPS/PANOS/ofc.html", "rating": "B", "conditions": "OFCu annealed 850 C for 0.5 h, cooled over 6 h. Instantaneous coefficient alpha(T) in 1e-6/K, 20 to 927 C." }, "S-PANOS-BE": { "cite": "Beryllium, table 1, materials property library (PANOS), aries.ucsd.edu/LIB/PROPS/PANOS/be.html", "rating": "B", "conditions": "Instantaneous coefficient alpha(T) in 1e-6/K, 300 to 1500 K. Grade not specified. Reference [A] still to be read: UCRL-TR-224850 (OSTI 899094), table II-3-5, means 25-100 to 25-1000 C." }, "S-316L-DS": { "cite": "Type 316/316L stainless steel data sheet (AMS 5524, ASTM A240), copy at spacematdb.com/spacemat/manudatasheets/316_316L_Data_Sheet.pdf", "rating": "B", "conditions": "Mean coefficient from 0 C to the stated temperature, um/m.K." }, "S-CINDAS-51": { "cite": "P. D. Desai and C. Y. Ho, Thermal Linear Expansion of Nine Selected AISI Stainless Steels, CINDAS Report 51, Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis, Purdue University, April 1978, table 4, DTIC ADA129159", "rating": "A", "conditions": "Recommended values for AISI 316, table 4, tabulated in kelvin against percent thermal linear expansion referenced to 293 K, carried here in degrees Celsius by exact conversion and copied from the table, never derived. The report states the uncertainty in the recommended percent expansion is within 5 percent. The report does NOT cover AISI 316L and says nothing about it, so applying these values to a 316L body is an assimilation the source does not make. The report was retrieved from an Internet Archive snapshot of the DTIC copy, dated 9 June 2024, because apps.dtic.mil served an Under Maintenance page for the whole site." }, "S-NI200-SM": { "cite": "Special Metals, Nickel 200 & 201 technical bulletin, table 3, specialmetals.com/documents/technical-bulletins/nickel-200.pdf", "rating": "B", "conditions": "Mean coefficient between 21 C (70 F) and the stated temperature, um/m.C." }, "S-KOVAR-PP": { "cite": "Kovar data sheet, Professional Plastics, from manufacturer data, professionalplastics.com/professionalplastics/KovarDataSheet.pdf", "rating": "B", "conditions": "Mean coefficient from 30 C to the stated temperature, 1e-6/C. Two ranges given as intervals (30-400, 30-450), midpoint carried with both bounds kept." }, "S-ASME-C1": { "cite": "ASME B31.3 Appendix C, Table C-1 Thermal Expansion Data, titanium group A (grades 1, 2, 3, 7, 12), reproduction consulted", "rating": "B", "conditions": "Mean coefficient from 70 F to the stated temperature, 1e-6 in/in/F, converted by 1.8 into 1e-6/C. Upper limit of the table 800 F." }, "S-NBS-RP1520": { "cite": "P. Hidnert, Thermal Expansion of Titanium, Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, volume 30, pages 101 to 105, February 1943, Research Paper RP1520, table 1 page 103", "rating": "A", "conditions": "Cast titanium of 97.2 percent purity (C 0.22, Si 1.05, Fe 1.11), measured 1943, not a grade 2 sample. Table 1 gives average coefficients of expansion per degree centigrade over ranges starting at 20 C. Sample 1641A, test 2 heating, is the only row that spans the whole range to 700 C without a gap, and it is the row carried here. Its coefficients are 10.0 at 20 to 500 C, 10.4 at 20 to 600 C and 10.7 at 20 to 700 C, in 1e-6 per degree centigrade. The table headers did not survive text extraction and were read from a 600 dpi rendering of page 103." }, "S-PAT-11222804": { "cite": "US 11222804, Electrostatic chuck for clamping in high temperature semiconductor processing, description", "rating": "C", "conditions": "Instantaneous values stated in the patent: sapphire 5.38 / 8.52 / 9.74 e-6/K at 20 / 517 / 1017 C, sintered alumina 4.6 / 7.1 / 8.1 e-6/K at 20 / 500 / 1000 C. Sapphire orientation not stated, alumina grade not stated." }, "S-TPRC-V13": { "cite": "Y. S. Touloukian, R. K. Kirby, R. E. Taylor and T. Y. R. Lee, Thermophysical Properties of Matter, the TPRC Data Series, volume 13, Thermal Expansion of Nonmetallic Solids, figure and table number 35R, page 176, DTIC ADA129116", "rating": "A", "conditions": "Recommended values for aluminum oxide, polycrystalline column, tabulated in kelvin against percent linear expansion referenced to 293 K, which is the 20 C reference of this series. Values copied row by row and never derived, temperatures converted from kelvin by subtracting 273.15. The report states the axial recommended values are based on data for pure samples, that the polycrystalline values are calculated from the axial values, and that both are considered accurate to within 3 percent. Melting point given as about 2319 K. The data pages of this volume carry no text layer, so the table was read from a 300 dpi rendering of page 176." }, "S-PAT-6882109": { "cite": "US 6882109, Electric discharge lamp, description", "rating": "C", "conditions": "Mean coefficient 0-1000 C stated in the patent: Nb 6.9, Ta 6.5, Mo 5.5, W 5.1 e-6/C. Plansee manufacturer curves exist as images only, still to be digitised." }, "S-PAT-9202718": { "cite": "US 9202718, Electrostatic chuck (NGK), description", "rating": "C", "conditions": "AlN 5 to 6 ppm/K over 40-1000 C, stated in the patent. Midpoint 5.5 carried, both bounds kept." }, "S-E6-HANDBOOK": { "cite": "Element Six, The Element Six CVD Diamond Handbook, 2022, e6cvd.com/media/wysiwyg/pdf/Element_Six_CVD_Diamond_handbook_2022.pdf", "rating": "B", "conditions": "Thermal expansion coefficient of polycrystalline CVD diamond, all optical and thermal grades: 1.0 ppm/K at 300 K, 4.4 ppm/K at 1000 K. Two instantaneous points." }, "S-JACOBSON-STOUPIN": { "cite": "P. Jacobson and S. Stoupin, Thermal expansion coefficient of diamond in a wide temperature range, Diamond and Related Materials 97 (2019) 107469, doi 10.1016/j.diamond.2019.107469", "rating": "A", "conditions": "Monocrystalline diamond. Multi-frequency Einstein model of Reeber fitted to a selected literature dataset, alpha(T) = sum of Xi E(Theta_i / T) over four effective oscillators, with E(x) = x^2 exp(x) / (exp(x) - 1)^2. Table 1 publishes two fits. Fit 1, the dataset truncated at 1000 K, is X = 0.0096, 0.2656, 2.6799, 2.3303 in 1e-6/K and Theta = 159.3, 548.5, 1237.9, 2117.8 in K. Fit 2, the untruncated dataset with data available up to 2000 K, is X = 0.0210, 0.3897, 3.4447, 2.2796 in 1e-6/K and Theta = 225.2, 634.0, 1365.5, 3068.8 in K. Fit 2 is the one carried here. Fit valid to 2000 K. Authors flag discrepancies above 1000 K attributed to anharmonic effects or defects. Carried only to 800 C. The paper tabulates no expansion and no coefficient, only these parameters, so the series is derived and not copied." }, "S-IG110": { "cite": "A statistical analysis of pores and micro-cracks in nuclear graphite, arXiv:2106.02321, citing IG-110 properties, and Toyo Tanso property data pages toyotanso.com (CTE measurement window 350-450 C)", "rating": "B", "conditions": "IG-110 isotropic graphite, CTE cited 4e-6/K. Manufacturer measures CTE over 350-450 C. Single value, grade-specific, other grades differ (commercial isotropic graphites span 4.0-5.0e-6/K)." }, "S-NRC-ML21215A346": { "cite": "US NRC, TLR/RES/DE/REB-2021-08, Appendices to the Assessment of Graphite Properties and Degradation, Including Source Dependence, NUMARK Associates for the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, August 2021, ADAMS ML21215A346, section 2.18 and figure 2-7", "rating": "B", "conditions": "Fits recast by the NRC report authors from digitally extracted data, report states data may not be used for design. Mean CTE of unirradiated IG-110 graphite against measurement temperature, beta in 1e-6 per K, T in C, low reference about 25 C. Fit carried here, Shibata et al. 2010, JAEA draft code: beta = 3.46 + 0.002 T - 6e-7 T2. Two concordant fits plotted on the same figure and judged consistent by the report, carried verbatim and not as a contradiction, Windes et al. 2013b: beta = 3.535 + 0.002 T - 5e-7 T2, and Burchell 2018: beta = 3.66 + 0.002 T - 8e-7 T2." }, "S-MILHDBK-6061": { "cite": "MIL-HDBK-5J and ASM Handbook vol. 2, mean values reproduced by a secondary engineering reference (arcuscnc.com, CTE Aluminum 6061 guide)", "rating": "C", "conditions": "Means 20-100 C: 23.6 and 20-300 C: 25.5 (approx), 1e-6/C, all tempers. Secondary reproduction, the primary data sheet is still to be read." }, "S-3CSIC-XRD": { "cite": "N. M. Sultan et al., Thermal Expansion of 3C-SiC Obtained from In-Situ X-ray Diffraction at High Temperature and First-Principal Calculations, Materials 15 (2022) 6229, PMC9505936", "rating": "A", "conditions": "3C-SiC (cubic, the CVD polytype), 25 to 800 C, instantaneous alpha11(T) = 1.423e-12 T^2 + 4.973e-9 T + 2.269e-6 per C. Points sampled from the stated polynomial at 25, 200, 400, 600, 800 C." }, "S-TPRC-V13-37R": { "cite": "Y. S. Touloukian, R. K. Kirby, R. E. Taylor and T. Y. R. Lee, Thermophysical Properties of Matter, the TPRC Data Series, volume 13, Thermal Expansion of Nonmetallic Solids, figure and table number 37R, page 195, DTIC ADA129116", "rating": "A", "conditions": "RECOMMENDED values for beryllium oxide, polycrystalline column, tabulated in kelvin against percent linear expansion referenced to 293 K, which is the 20 C reference of this series to within 0.15 K. Values copied row by row and never derived, temperatures converted from kelvin by subtracting 273.15. The report states that the recommended values for the axial expansion are based on the data for pure samples, that the values for the POLYCRYSTALLINE sample are based on the data reported in curves 1, 19, 20, 22, 66 and 67, and that these values are considered accurate to within 3 percent. The coefficient column is obtained by differentiating the fitted equation and is accurate to about 5 percent, and this corpus does not carry it. Transition point alpha to beta given as about 2373 K and melting point as about 2843 K, both above the last tabulated row. The table prints 0.037 for the polycrystalline column at 350 K while the a-axis reads 0.039 and the c-axis 0.043, and 0.070 at 400 K where the a-axis also reads 0.070. Both are copied as printed. The data pages of this volume carry no text layer, so the table was read from a rendering of page 195 at 260 and 420 dpi." }, "S-TPRC-V13-312R": { "cite": "Y. S. Touloukian, R. K. Kirby, R. E. Taylor and T. Y. R. Lee, Thermophysical Properties of Matter, the TPRC Data Series, volume 13, Thermal Expansion of Nonmetallic Solids, figure and table number 312R, page 1127, DTIC ADA129116", "rating": "A", "conditions": "PROVISIONAL values for aluminum nitride, not recommended values, and the volume prints the distinction in the title of the table. Polycrystalline column, tabulated in kelvin against percent linear expansion referenced to 293 K. Values copied row by row and never derived, temperatures converted from kelvin by subtracting 273.15. The report states that the provisional values for the axial expansion are based on the most recent measurements, curves 4 to 7, that the values for the polycrystalline sample are calculated DIRECTLY FROM THESE AXIAL VALUES, and that this result is recommended in preference to the reported experimental data for polycrystalline samples on the suspicion that those samples exhibit partial preferential orientation and are not randomly oriented. Accurate to within 8 percent. The table prints -0.039 for the polycrystalline column at 100 K while both axes read between -0.031 and -0.025, which puts the polycrystalline value outside the two axes it is calculated from. That row is below the range this corpus carries and is not written here. The data pages of this volume carry no text layer, so the table was read from a rendering of page 1127 at 200 and 250 dpi." }, "S-TPRC-V12-35R": { "cite": "Y. S. Touloukian, R. K. Kirby, R. E. Taylor and P. D. Desai, Thermophysical Properties of Matter, the TPRC Data Series, volume 12, Thermal Expansion of Metallic Elements and Alloys, figure and table number 35R, page 236, IFI/Plenum, New York-Washington, 1975, DTIC ADA129115", "rating": "A", "conditions": "RECOMMENDED values for niobium, tabulated in kelvin against percent linear expansion referenced to 293 K, which is the 20 C reference of this series to within 0.15 K. Values copied row by row and never derived, temperatures converted from kelvin by subtracting 273.15. The table's own remark is carried here: the tabulated values are considered accurate to within 3 percent at temperatures below 1200 K and 5 percent above. The coefficient column is printed alongside and this corpus does not carry it, the same reserve as on the volume 13 curves. THE ROW AT 600 K IS NOT CARRIED: its third decimal is destroyed by a scan streak on this copy, the printed figure reading 0.23 followed by an unreadable digit, and the page also prints a fitted cubic from which the value could be computed. Computing it would be a derivation and this corpus does not fill a hole in a reading with an equation, so the row is dropped and the neighbouring 500 K and 700 K rows carry the curve across the gap. The low temperature rows from 5 to 200 K are not carried either, the curves of this corpus being defined from 20 C upward. The data pages of this volume have a text layer that loses the columns, so the table was read from a rendering of page 236 at 200 and 520 dpi." }, "S-WESGO-CUSIL": { "cite": "Morgan Advanced Materials (Wesgo), Data Sheet Cusil (BAg-8), 06/2018, morganbrazealloys.com/media/bgufzxu1/wesgo_cusil_technical-data-sheet-2018.pdf", "rating": "B" }, "S-WESGO-NIORO": { "cite": "Morgan Advanced Materials (Wesgo), Data Sheet Nioro (AMS 4787, BAu-4), 02/2019, morganbrazealloys.com/media/ffohjtdc/wesgo_nioro_technical-data-sheet-20190211.pdf", "rating": "B" }, "S-WESGO-TICUSIL": { "cite": "Morgan Advanced Materials (Wesgo), Data Sheet Ticusil, 06/2018, morganbrazealloys.com/media/hcxpgyz5/wesgo_ticusil_technical-data-sheet-2018.pdf", "rating": "B" }, "S-WESGO-CUSIL-ABA": { "cite": "Morgan Advanced Materials (Wesgo), Data Sheet Cusil-ABA, morganbrazealloys.com/media/tgnhzzfc/cusil-aba.pdf, and GlobalSpec data sheet (melting range 779-816 C)", "rating": "B" }, "S-WESGO-PALCO": { "cite": "Morgan Advanced Materials (Wesgo), Data Sheet Palco (BPd-1), 06/2018, morganbrazealloys.com/media/rzupadbw/wesgo_palco_technical-data-sheet.pdf", "rating": "B" }, "S-WESGO-PALCUSIL15": { "cite": "Morgan Advanced Materials (Wesgo), Data Sheet Palcusil 15, 06/2018, morganbrazealloys.com/media/f24fjaxt/wesgo_palcusil-15_technical-data-sheet-2018.pdf", "rating": "B" }, "S-WESGO-PALCUSIL10": { "cite": "Morgan Advanced Materials, Palcusil-10 datasheet, mirrored on GlobalSpec, datasheets.globalspec.com/ds/morgan-advanced-materials-1/palcusil-10/fc3480f6-0d3d-49da-9e70-bdb1f1fc668b", "rating": "B", "conditions": "Mirror of a manufacturer data sheet, not the manufacturer page itself. Melting range stated in Fahrenheit at the source, solidus 1515 F and liquidus 1565 F, carried here as 824 and 852 C. Cross-checked against the Alexy Metals AM Pd-10 page, same 824 and 852 C, AWS BVAg-31." }, "S-WESGO-CUSIN1ABA": { "cite": "Morgan Advanced Materials (Wesgo), Cusin-1-ABA data sheet, morganbrazealloys.com/media/gpzjriki/cusin-1-aba.pdf", "rating": "A", "conditions": "Manufacturer data sheet. Liquidus stated in Fahrenheit at the source, 1483 F, carried here as 806 C. The sheet states its values are based on tests and accumulated experience data and are not guaranteed by the manufacturer." }, "S-WESGO-NICORO80": { "cite": "Morgan Advanced Materials, Nicoro-80 datasheet, mirrored on GlobalSpec, datasheets.globalspec.com/ds/morgan-advanced-materials-1/nicoro-80/26e695fc-a3c1-4b0d-929b-cf87bd0c3f1a", "rating": "B", "conditions": "Mirror of a manufacturer data sheet, not the manufacturer page itself. Melting range stated in Fahrenheit at the source, solidus 1670 F and liquidus 1697 F, carried here as 910 and 925 C." }, "S-WESGO-INCUSIL15": { "cite": "Morgan Advanced Materials (Wesgo), Data Sheet Incusil 15 (BAg-29), 2018, morganbrazealloys.com/media/nqydvzcm/wesgo_incusil-15_technical-data-sheet-2018.pdf", "rating": "B" }, "S-WESGO-INCUSIL10": { "cite": "Morgan Advanced Materials (Wesgo), Data Sheet Incusil 10, 2018, morganbrazealloys.com/media/zqgdhp0h/wesgo_incusil-10_technical-data-sheet-2018.pdf", "rating": "B" }, "S-PAT-5598966": { "cite": "US 5598966, Brazed lower vacuum housing for a dewar, description (compositions Cusin-1 ABA, Palcusil-10, Ticusil, Nicoro-80 citees comme produits Wesgo)", "rating": "C" }, "S-PAT-5340012": { "cite": "US 5340012, Titanium hydride coated brazing product, description (temperature de brasage recommandee Incusil-ABA 715-740 C)", "rating": "C" }, "S-INDIUM-AUSN": { "cite": "Indium Corporation, Indalloy 182 80Au/20Sn, melting 280 C, product data sheets and technical blog indium.com", "rating": "B" }, "S-ITS90-CU": { "cite": "H. Preston-Thomas, The International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90), Metrologia 27 (1990) 3, copper fixed point 1084.62 C, via NIST SRD 60 its90.nist.gov", "rating": "A" }, "S-EP0238433": { "cite": "EP 0238433 B1, Titanium-copper-nickel braze filler metal, abstract: solidus about 925 C, liquidus about 945 C", "rating": "B" }, "S-PAT-4409181": { "cite": "US 4409181, Brazing compositions, table I (compositions Incusil 10 : 63Ag-27Cu-10In, Incusil 15 : 61.5Ag-24Cu-14.5In, Cusil 72-28)", "rating": "C" }, "S-WP-BRAZELIST": { "cite": "List of brazing alloys, Wikipedia, compiled table (BAlSi-4 : Al88Si12, solidus 577 C, liquidus 582 C)", "rating": "C" }, "S-WESGO-BAU1": { "cite": "Morgan Advanced Materials, Wesgo, Data Sheet 37.5Au-62.5Cu, 06/2018, morganbrazealloys.com/media/nzrhkj5g/wesgo_375au-625cu_technical-data-sheet-2018.pdf", "rating": "A", "conditions": "Indicative values on test coupons, not guaranteed by the manufacturer. The data sheet carries no recommended brazing temperature." }, "S-WC-SELECTOR": { "cite": "Wall Colmonoy Corporation, Brazing Filler Metal Selector Chart, 2019, v2.2f, f.hubspotusercontent30.net/hubfs/5229633/Wall-Colmonoy-Corp_Brazing-Filler-Metal-Selector-Chart_ENG_November2019.pdf", "rating": "A", "conditions": "Data taken from laboratory cooling curves at Wall Colmonoy, note 2 of the document. Solidus and liquidus stated in Fahrenheit at the source, 1780 and 1830 F, carried here in Celsius as the source converts them." }, "S-PI-AL4343": { "cite": "Prince and Izant, AL 4343 (BAlSi-2), Technical Data, princeizant.com/sites/default/files/2022-09/AL_4343_BAlSi-2_TDS.pdf", "rating": "A", "conditions": "Solidus and liquidus stated in Fahrenheit at the source, 1070 and 1142 F, carried here in Celsius as the source converts them." }, "S-PI-ABA": { "cite": "Prince and Izant, Brazing and Metal Joining Products catalog, Active Braze Alloys table, APA 7 / Incusil-ABA row, mirrored on docplayer.net/48211657-Brazing-metal-joining-products.html", "rating": "C", "conditions": "Mirror of a distributor catalog, not the alloy manufacturer data sheet. Liquidus stated in Fahrenheit at the source, 1319 F, carried here as 715 C. The row matches the APA-7 equivalence this entry already cites. Prince and Izant recommends brazing 100 to 150 F above liquidus for ABA alloys, with a 30 minute soak." }, "S-AWS-BRAZING-HANDBOOK": { "cite": "AWS Brazing Handbook, American Welding Society, chapter 3 Brazing Filler Metals and chapter 33 Electron Tubes and Vacuum Equipment", "rating": "A", "conditions": "Handbook of the American Welding Society. Three tables are read by the corpus. Table 3.2 page 75, Base Metal-Brazing Filler Metal Combinations, a two-entry matrix of base metal families whose cells carry AWS filler classes. Table 3.3 page 76, Maximum Service Temperatures Recommended for Various Brazing Filler Metal Compositions, one continuous and one short-term temperature per class. Table 33.1 page 585, Composition of Brazing Filler Metals Specially Produced for the Brazing of Vacuum Devices and Equipment, with liquidus and solidus in Fahrenheit and Celsius. The chapter, the table and the page of each statement are carried by the entry that uses it, never by this registry line." }, "S-BENDIX-BDX613-1683": { "cite": "W. G. Gates and G. E. Parkhurst, The Bendix Corporation, Kansas City Division, Ceramic-to-Metal Sealing, BDX-613-1683 (Rev.), final report PDO 6989258, published March 1977, USERDA contract EY-76-C-04-0613", "rating": "A" }, "S-SANDIA-ALD-RUNOUT": { "cite": "Charles Walker, Dennis De Smet, Ron Goeke, Bonnie McKenzie, Paul Vianco, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, Preventing active braze filler metal run-out using conformal ALD coatings, contract DE-NA0003525", "rating": "A" }, "S-SAND2007-7637C": { "cite": "C. A. Walker and V. C. Hodges, Sandia National Laboratories, New Mexico, Comparison of Metal-Ceramic Brazing Methods, SAND2007-7637C, 2007 IBSS Meeting, Chicago, 12 to 14 November 2007", "rating": "A" }, "S-AMM-NB316L-AGCUPD": { "cite": "Ruoxu Wang, Lubei Liu, Zongheng Xue, Teng Tan, Investigation of the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Brazing Joints between Niobium and 316L Stainless Steel using Silver-Copper-Palladium Filler, Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 68 (2023) 4, 1623-1632, DOI 10.24425/amm.2023.146232", "rating": "A" }, "S-SANDIA-NBCU-ALUMINA": { "cite": "Charles Walker, Greg Bishop, Robert Stokes, Dennis DeSmet, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, Active-brazing explosively-bonded niobium-copper to alumina ceramic, SAND2012-1595C", "rating": "A" }, "S-SAND2009-2820C": { "cite": "Chuck Walker, Ray Trowbridge, Adrian Wagner, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, Direct-Brazing of Sapphire to Niobium, SAND2009-2820C, 4th International Brazing and Soldering Conference, Orlando, 26 to 29 April 2009, contract DE-AC04-94AL85000, OSTI 1141824", "rating": "A" }, "S-NASA-CR-1591": { "cite": "P. E. Kueser, M. F. Parkman, J. W. Toth, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Aerospace Electrical Division, Lima, Ohio, with the EIMAC Division of Varian Associates, Ceramic-Metal Bore Seal Development, NASA CR-1591 and WAED-67.46E, contract NAS3-6465, NASA Lewis Research Center, July 1970, 181 pages", "rating": "A" }, "S-NASA-CR-2224": { "cite": "P. E. Kueser and J. W. Toth, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Lima, Ohio, Development and Evaluation of Magnetic and Electrical Materials Capable of Operating in the 800 to 1600 F Temperature Range, NASA CR-2224 and WAED 68.05E, contract NAS 3-6465, March 1973", "rating": "A" }, "S-GA-A21592": { "cite": "Insulator Seal Final Test Report, TFE Verification Program, GA-A21592, UC-224, General Atomics Project 3450, June 1994, contract DE-AC03-86SF16298 for the San Francisco Operations Office of the U.S. Department of Energy, DOI 10.2172/10176882", "rating": "A" }, "S-NASA-CR-120831": { "cite": "R. L. McKisson and G. Ervin, Jr., Atomics International, a division of North American Rockwell Corporation, Canoga Park, California, High Temperature (1200 C) Ceramic-to-Metal Seal Development, NASA CR-120831 and AI-72-1, contract NAS3-11840, NASA Lewis Research Center, 15 December 1972, 292 pages", "rating": "A" }, "S-GE-XRAY-ANODE": { "cite": "P. U. Ujari, General Electric Company, Brazing alloy for X-ray target assembly, United States patent 4993054A, granted 12 February 1991", "rating": "B" }, "S-KOHL-CH15": { "cite": "Walter H. Kohl, Handbook of Materials and Techniques for Vacuum Devices, chapter 15, Ceramic-to-Metal Sealing, pages 441 to 474, AIP Press, American Institute of Physics, New York, 1995 reprint of the Van Nostrand Reinhold edition of 1967, American Vacuum Society classics series, ISBN 1-56396-387-6, call number TK7871.72 .K64 1995", "rating": "A" }, "S-CAS-MAT": { "cite": "Vacuum for accelerators: introduction to materials and properties, CERN Accelerator School, arXiv:2006.02212, section 4.1", "rating": "A" }, "S-LINAC2014-THPP039": { "cite": "M. Redondas Monteserin et al., Electron beam welding and vacuum brazing characterization for SRF cavities, LINAC2014, THPP039, jacow.org", "rating": "A" }, "S-LIBO": { "cite": "Design, construction and tests of a 3 GHz proton linac booster (LIBO) for cancer therapy, arXiv:0712.0830", "rating": "A" }, "S-SD-WCUCRZR-CUTIH2NI": { "cite": "Joining of tungsten to CuCrZr alloy with Cu-TiH2-Ni filler and Cu interlayer, Materials & Design 2018, ScienceDirect S0263436818305626 (abstract)", "rating": "B" }, "S-SD-WCU-AUCU": { "cite": "Brazing development and interfacial metallurgy study of tungsten and copper joints with eutectic gold copper brazing alloy, Fusion Eng. Des. 2015, ScienceDirect S0920379615003312 (abstract)", "rating": "B" }, "S-SD-ITER-MONOBLOCK": { "cite": "Strength of a circumferential W/Cu/CuCrZr joint of ITER monoblock, Nuclear Materials and Energy 2025, ScienceDirect S2352179125000894 (abstract)", "rating": "B" }, "S-SD-DEMO-HRP": { "cite": "Fabrication of DEMO divertor target mock-up by HRP technology, Fusion Eng. Des. 2025, ScienceDirect S092037962500225X (abstract)", "rating": "B" }, "S-ASM-6061": { "cite": "ASM Material Data Sheet, Aluminum 6061-T6, AA Typical values, asm.matweb.com/search/specificmaterial.asp?bassnum=ma6061t6 (solidus 582 C, liquidus 652 C)", "rating": "B", "conditions": "Aggregator restating Aluminum Association typical values, not a primary standard. Typical values are not guaranteed minima." }, "S-SLAC-BE-CHAMBER": { "cite": "C. T. Hoard, Vacuum Pipe for e+e- Interactions, SLAC-TN-82-3, October 1982, OSTI 1453722", "rating": "A" }, "S-MIT-TZM-LIMITER": { "cite": "A. H. Seltzman and S. J. Wukitch, Brazing Characteristics, Microstructure, and Wettability of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufactured GRCop-84 compared to CuCrZr and OFC, and Brazing to Titanium-Zirconium-Molybdenum Alloy Limiters, Fusion Engineering and Design, 2022, OSTI 1977154", "rating": "A" }, "S-SPES-BNCT": { "cite": "A. Makhankov et al., An Accelerator-based Thermal Neutron Source for BNCT Application, EPAC 2004, THPLT111, jacow.org", "rating": "A" }, "S-RRCAT-VACUUM-BRAZING": { "cite": "Rajvir Singh, K. K. Pant, Shankar Lal, D. P. Yadav, S. R. Garg, V. K. Raghuvanshi, G. Mundra, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, Vacuum Brazing of Accelerator Components, Journal of Physics: Conference Series 390 (2012) 012025, IOP Publishing, DOI 10.1088/1742-6596/390/1/012025", "rating": "A" }, "S-DIIID-LHCD-WAVEGUIDE": { "cite": "James Ridzon, Jeffrey Doody, Rui Vieira, Stephen J. Wukitch, MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Design, Manufacturing, and Installation of DIII-D Lower Hybrid Current Drive Outer Wall Waveguides and Expandable Vacuum Interface, EPJ Web of Conferences 346, 03018 (2026), RFPPC2025, DOI 10.1051/epjconf/202634603018", "rating": "A" }, "S-MEDSI2016-TUPE25": { "cite": "G. Navrotski and B. Brajuskovic, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Metallurgical Evaluation of Dissimilar Metal Joints for Accelerator Vacuum Chamber Construction at the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade Project, MEDSI2016, Barcelona, paper TUPE25, page 220, JACoW Publishing, ISBN 978-3-95450-188-5, DOI 10.18429/JACoW-MEDSI2016-TUPE25, DOE contract DE-AC02-06CH11357", "rating": "A" }, "S-NASA-TP2693": { "cite": "Peter Ramins, Bruce T. Ebihara, Dale A. Force, NASA Lewis Research Center, Design, Fabrication, and Performance of Brazed, Pyrolytic Graphite and Isotropic Graphite Electrode Multistage Depressed Collectors, NASA Technical Paper 2693, 1987", "rating": "A" }, "S-NASA-TP2904": { "cite": "Peter Ramins, Bruce T. Ebihara, Dale A. Force, NASA Lewis Research Center, Design, Fabrication, and Performance of Brazed, Graphite Electrode, Multistage Depressed Collectors With 500-W, Continuous Wave, 4.8- to 9.6-GHz Traveling-Wave Tubes, NASA Technical Paper 2904, 1989", "rating": "A" }, "S-JLAB-BEO-WINDOW": { "cite": "T. Schultheiss, V. Christina, M. Cole, J. Rathke, Q. Shu, Northrop Grumman Corporation, Bethpage, New York, and T. Elliott, V. Nguyen, L. Phillips, J. Preble, Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia, Design, Analysis and Testing of a High Thermal Conductivity Waveguide Window for Use in a Free Electron Laser, XIX International Linac Conference LINAC98, Chicago, 23 to 28 August 1998, paper MO4078, pages 240 to 242, reports JLAB-ACC-00-08 and DOE/ER/40150-1706, contract DE-AC05-84ER40150, OSTI 758281", "rating": "A" }, "S-GCD3-WINDOW": { "cite": "Valerie E. Fatherley, David A. Bingham, Myles Derrick Cartelli, Jeffrey Randall Griego, Hans W. Herrmann, Frank Edward Lopez, John A. Oertel, Los Alamos National Laboratory, with Richard DiDomizio and Michael Pollack, Design and fabrication of a window for the Gas Cherenkov Detector 3, LA-UR-16-23847, Review of Scientific Instruments 87 (2016), DOI 10.1063/1.4961156, 21st Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics, Madison", "rating": "A" }, "S-BNL-56MHZ-HOM": { "cite": "N. Huque, E. F. Daly, W. Clemens, Jefferson Lab, Newport News, and G. McIntyre, Q. Wu, S. Seberg, S. Bellavia, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, BNL 56 MHz HOM Damper Prototype Fabrication at JLab, Proceedings of the 6th International Particle Accelerator Conference IPAC2015, Richmond, paper WEPWI015, pages 3521 to 3524", "rating": "A" }, "S-MPEX-ABSORBER": { "cite": "Aftab Hussain, Vivek Rao, Nathan Branch, Travis Gray, Adam Kubik, Adam Aaron, Kirby Logan II, Stephen Stewart, Arnold Lumsdaine, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, with G. S. Showers, R. L. Romesberg and D. E. Wolfe, Applied Research Laboratory, Penn State, Material Plasma Exposure eXperiment High Heat Flux Microwave Absorber Design, Manufacture, and Articles Test, Fusion Science and Technology, November 2023, DOI 10.1080/15361055.2023.2221153, OSTI 2455103", "rating": "A" }, "S-JLAB-HOM-FEEDTHROUGH": { "cite": "C. E. Reece, E. F. Daly, T. Elliott, H. L. Phillips, J. P. Ozelis, T. Rothgeb, K. Wilson, G. Wu, Jefferson Lab, High Thermal Conductivity Cryogenic RF Feedthroughs for Higher Order Mode Couplers, Proceedings of the 2005 Particle Accelerator Conference PAC2005, Knoxville, paper TPPT082", "rating": "A" }, "S-DECA-THESIS": { "cite": "Jacob T. Grimes, A Prototype Diamond Amplified Photocathode, Master of Science thesis, Stony Brook University, May 2007, work carried out at Brookhaven National Laboratory", "rating": "B" }, "S-MSU-K500-DEFLECTOR": { "cite": "H. Blosser, T. Antaya, R. Au, S. M. Austin, E. Blosser, G. Blosser, R. Blue, S. Bricker, D. Cole, M. Fowler, M. Gordon, L. Harwood, H. Hilbert, D. Johnson, E. Kashy, H. Laumer, D. Lawton, M. Mallory, F. Marti, P. Miller, B. Milton and others, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, Advances in Superconducting Cyclotrons at MSU, Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Cyclotrons and their Applications, Tokyo, 1986, paper E-01", "rating": "A" }, "S-USNO-VIEWPORT": { "cite": "Scott Crane and Christopher R. Ekstrom, Time Service Department, Clock Development Division, U.S. Naval Observatory, Washington D.C., Nonmagnetic UHV Optical Viewports, technical note distributed by MPF Products Inc.", "rating": "B" }, "S-HELIYON-AL2O3": { "cite": "Youfu Jiang, Xinfei Zhang, Shengnan He, Panpan Lin, Daochang Wang, Wei Lu, Weihua Wang, Study on brazing sealing and wave transmittance of single crystal Al2O3 microwave window, Heliyon 10 (3) e25290, 26 January 2024, DOI 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25290, open access", "rating": "A" }, "S-ITER-LHCD-WINDOW": { "cite": "J. Hillairet, J. Kim, N. Faure, J. Achard, Y. S. Bae, J. M. Bernard, L. Delpech, M. Goniche, S. Larroque, R. Magne, L. Marfisi, S. Park, S. Poli, N. Dechambre, K. Vulliez, CEA/IRFM with the National Fusion Research Institute Korea and PMB/ALCEN, Design and Tests of 500 kW RF Windows for the ITER LHCD System, preprint arXiv:1503.05045, published in Fusion Engineering and Design", "rating": "A" }, "S-TOSHIBA-KEK-HOM": { "cite": "T. Ota, M. Takasaki, S. Nakamura, A. Miyamoto, K. Sato, Toshiba Energy Systems and Solutions Corporation Yokohama, with T. Konomi, K. Umemori, H. Sakai, E. Kako, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization KEK Tsukuba, Development of HOM Absorbers for CW Superconducting Cavities in Energy Recovery Linac, 19th International Conference on RF Superconductivity SRF2019 Dresden, paper THP072, pages 1061 to 1062, JACoW Publishing, ISBN 978-3-95450-211-0, DOI 10.18429/JACoW-SRF2019-THP072, licence CC BY 3.0", "rating": "A" }, "S-VARIAN-GYROKLYSTRON": { "cite": "J. Shively, C. Conner, S. Evans, F. Friedlander, E. Galli, S. Hegji, H. Jory, F. Kinney, A. LaRue, K. Miller, J. Moran, W. Sayer, D. Stone, R. Symons, N. Taylor and Thomas, Varian Associates, Development Program for a 200 kW CW 28 GHz Gyroklystron, Final Report April 1976 to September 1980, report ORNL/Sub-76-01617/18, DOI 10.2172/5641388, OSTI 5641388", "rating": "A" }, "S-LM-JOINTS": { "cite": "Lucas-Milhaupt, Tips for Designing Braze Joints (blog) et Principles of Joint Design (Brazing Academy), lucasmilhaupt.com", "rating": "B" }, "S-SD-OVERLAP": { "cite": "ScienceDirect Topics, Overlap Joint (excerpts from reference works on brazing), sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/overlap-joint", "rating": "B" }, "S-SSG": { "cite": "Specialty Seal Group, Ceramic-to-Metal hermetic seals, regles de conception, specialtysealgroup.com", "rating": "B" }, "S-PAT-4656393": { "cite": "US 4656393, Metal-to-ceramic butt seal with improved mechanical properties, description", "rating": "C" }, "S-PAT-6522226": { "cite": "US 6522226, Transparent metallic millimeter-wave window, description (citant J. F. Gittins, Power Travelling-Wave Tubes, 1965, pp. 236-237)", "rating": "C" }, "S-ADCERAX": { "cite": "ADCERAX, Metallized alumina ceramic tube, product data sheet", "rating": "C" }, "S-KOHL-VACUUM-1964": { "cite": "W. H. Kohl, Soldering and brazing, Vacuum, volume 14, number 5, pages 175 to 198, 1964, Pergamon Press, PII 0042-207X(64)90858-9", "rating": "A", "conditions": "Peer-reviewed review article on soldering and brazing for vacuum devices, republished later in the Handbook of Vacuum Physics edited by A. H. Beck. Table XVI, Brazing filler metals for high-vacuum systems, book page 192, lists 21 filler metals with liquidus, solidus and an Applications column. The table carries its own reserve, printed under it: adapted from the list of a commercial manufacturer. It is therefore a manufacturer selection list relayed by the author, not a measurement of his own, and the Applications column names base metals without naming a partner. The page of each statement is carried by the entry that uses it, never by this registry line." }, "S-SRNL-DIFFUSER-BRAZE": { "cite": "P. Korinko, L. Angelette, A. MacMurray, Savannah River National Laboratory, M. Golyski, Savannah River Nuclear Solutions, P. Kuzbary, Clemson University, Evaluation of Braze Joints for Hydrogen Purification Diffuser, SRNL-STI-2021-00334 R1, July 2021, for the proceedings of the International Brazing and Soldering Conference, Denver, 3 to 6 October 2021", "rating": "A" }, "S-ASM-CERAMICS-1995": { "cite": "Joining, in Engineered Materials Handbook Desk Edition, M. M. Gauthier editor, ASM International, 1995, pages 846 to 864, DOI 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003056", "rating": "A", "conditions": "Handbook article, consulted as a PDF whose printed page numbers run 846 to 864. The article is itself a digest of the Ceramics and Glasses volume 4 of the Engineered Materials Handbook, so its statements are second-hand summaries of the papers it cites by Ref number. The Ref numbers are kept in the conditions of each entry, because a reader who wants the primary measurement needs them." }, "S-CARTECH-KOVAR": { "cite": "Carpenter Technology, CarTech Kovar Alloy, type analysis and general information datasheet, UNS K94610", "rating": "A", "conditions": "Manufacturer datasheet for the alloy the corpus calls Kovar. Single figures are nominal except where noted maximum. Read for its composition only. The same sheet also prescribes a wet hydrogen degas and anneal between 838 and 1099 C before sealing, which the corpus already carries elsewhere and does not take from here." }, "S-CINDAS-STAINLESS": { "cite": "Thermophysical Properties of Selected Aerospace Materials, part II, CINDAS, defence technical report ADA129159, table of chemical composition ranges and limits of nine selected AISI stainless steels", "rating": "A", "conditions": "Composition ranges and limits for nine AISI grades. The corpus reads the 316 row. The card this key serves covers 304L, 316L and 316LN ESR together, and the 316 row is the one that names molybdenum, which is what distinguishes the family the corpus holds." } }, "sourceRegistryDivergences": [ { "cle": "S-CAS-VAC", "citations": [ "Manufacturing and Assembly for Vacuum Technology, CERN Accelerator School, arXiv:2006.12072", "Manufacturing and Assembly for Vacuum Technology, CERN Accelerator School, arXiv:2006.12072, section 3.4.2" ] }, { "cle": "S-CAS-BRAZE", "citations": [ "S. Mathot, Vacuum Brazing, CERN Accelerator School, arXiv:2602.05782 (CDS 2954267)", "Vacuum Brazing, arXiv:2602.05782" ] }, { "cle": "S-NOVA", "citations": [ "Mechanical design of ceramic beam tube braze joints for NOvA kicker magnets, arXiv:1207.3822", "Mechanical design of ceramic beam tube braze joints for NOvA kicker magnets, arXiv:1207.3822, section Ceramic-to-Kovar joint design" ] }, { "cle": "S-STROPPA", "citations": [ "Stroppa et al., Calculating Joint Clearance at Brazing Temperature, Welding Journal, September 2010", "Stroppa et al., Calculating Joint Clearance at Brazing Temperature, Welding Journal, September 2010 (brazing ranges by AWS classification)" ] }, { "cle": "S-SAPPHIRE-VIEWPORT", "citations": [ "Sapphire optical viewport for high pressure and temperature applications, arXiv:2106.09559", "Sapphire optical viewport for high pressure and temperature applications, arXiv:2106.09559 (composition 59 Ag, 27,25 Cu, 12,5 In, 1,25 Ti, melting near 700 C, oxygen-free atmosphere)" ] }, { "cle": "S-WESGO-CUSIL", "citations": [ "Morgan Advanced Materials (Wesgo), Data Sheet Cusil (BAg-8), 06/2018, morganbrazealloys.com/media/bgufzxu1/wesgo_cusil_technical-data-sheet-2018.pdf", "Wesgo, Data Sheet Cusil (BAg-8), 06/2018" ] }, { "cle": "S-WESGO-NIORO", "citations": [ "Morgan Advanced Materials (Wesgo), Data Sheet Nioro (AMS 4787, BAu-4), 02/2019, morganbrazealloys.com/media/ffohjtdc/wesgo_nioro_technical-data-sheet-20190211.pdf", "Wesgo, Data Sheet Nioro (BAu-4), 02/2019" ] }, { "cle": "S-WESGO-TICUSIL", "citations": [ "Morgan Advanced Materials (Wesgo), Data Sheet Ticusil, 06/2018, morganbrazealloys.com/media/hcxpgyz5/wesgo_ticusil_technical-data-sheet-2018.pdf", "Wesgo, Data Sheet Ticusil, 06/2018" ] }, { "cle": "S-WESGO-PALCO", "citations": [ "Morgan Advanced Materials (Wesgo), Data Sheet Palco (BPd-1), 06/2018, morganbrazealloys.com/media/rzupadbw/wesgo_palco_technical-data-sheet.pdf", "Wesgo, Data Sheet Palco (BPd-1), 06/2018" ] }, { "cle": "S-WESGO-PALCUSIL15", "citations": [ "Morgan Advanced Materials (Wesgo), Data Sheet Palcusil 15, 06/2018, morganbrazealloys.com/media/f24fjaxt/wesgo_palcusil-15_technical-data-sheet-2018.pdf", "Wesgo, Data Sheet Palcusil 15, 06/2018" ] }, { "cle": "S-WESGO-INCUSIL15", "citations": [ "Morgan Advanced Materials (Wesgo), Data Sheet Incusil 15 (BAg-29), 2018, morganbrazealloys.com/media/nqydvzcm/wesgo_incusil-15_technical-data-sheet-2018.pdf", "Wesgo, Data Sheet Incusil 15 (BAg-29), 2018" ] } ], "rules": [ { "id": "R01", "titre": "No high-vapor-pressure element in a furnace or UHV-service filler", "portee": "filler", "condition": "filler.composition contains Zn, Cd, Pb or Mn AND (atmosphere == vacuum OR service == UHV)", "severity": "FATAL", "mecanisme": "The element evaporates at brazing temperature, contaminates the furnace and the surfaces, and shifts the filler composition.", "consequence": "Brass and the Cd- or Zn-bearing BAg grades are out of scope.", "sources": [ "S-AWS-BRAZING-HANDBOOK" ], "provenance": "sourced at lot PROCEDE-3 against the vacuum-grade filler specification of the AWS Brazing Handbook. MANGANESE, the fourth element this rule names, is NOT in that note and remains unsourced: the note names Zn, Cd, Pb and C. Carbon, which the note DOES name, is not in the rule. Both gaps are harvest targets and neither is closed by pretending the note says more than it does.", "conditions_source": "Book page 585, chapter 33, note under table 33.1, Composition of Brazing Filler Metals Specially Produced for the Brazing of Vacuum Devices and Equipment. The note states that impurities are Zn below 0.001 percent, Cd below 0.001 percent, Pb below 0.002 percent and C below 0.005 percent, that all other impurities not specified having a vapor pressure higher than 1e-7 torr at 500 C are limited to 0.002 percent each, and that impurities having a vapor pressure LOWER than that are limited to 0.05 percent in total. The note therefore gives both the three elements this rule names first and the GENERAL CRITERION behind them, a vapour pressure above 1e-7 torr at 500 C, which is what makes the rule a rule rather than a list. It gives these as impurity ceilings for a vacuum-grade filler, not as a prohibition on a constituent, and the rule reads a constituent as the same hazard at a thousand times the concentration." }, { "id": "R02", "titre": "No BCuP filler on ferrous or nickel-base metals", "portee": "pair", "condition": "filler.family == BCuP AND base.family in [ferrous, nickel-base]", "severity": "FATAL", "mecanisme": "Brittle phosphides form at the interface.", "sources": [], "provenance": "not sourced yet, to be established" }, { "id": "R03", "titre": "Active fillers under vacuum or gettered argon only", "portee": "pair", "condition": "filler.active == true AND atmosphere != vacuum AND atmosphere != gettered-argon", "severity": "FATAL", "mecanisme": "The active titanium is consumed by oxygen or hydrogen before it can react with the ceramic.", "sources": [ "S-SAPPHIRE-VIEWPORT" ], "conditions_source": "Sapphire sealed without metallisation, Ag 59 Cu 27.25 In 12.5 Ti 1.25 filler, 0.1 mm foil, melting near 700 C, vacuum furnace, oxygen-free atmosphere required." }, { "id": "R04", "titre": "Ti, Zr, Nb, Ta never in a hydrogen furnace", "portee": "pair", "condition": "base.slug in [titanium-grade-2, niobium, tantalum, zirconium] AND atmosphere starts with H2", "severity": "FATAL", "mecanisme": "Hydride formation. On SRF cavity niobium, quality-factor degradation.", "sources": [ "S-SCHWARTZ-BRAZING" ], "conditions_source": "Book page 65. Hydride formation is the third mechanism the chapter names for hydrogen, after water vapor formation in copper and molecular hydrogen accumulation in steel. The chapter states that the hydride lowers the notch toughness and affects the strain rate of the metal, that titanium, zirconium, niobium, tantalum and their alloys are subject to this form of hydrogen embrittlement, and that an inert or vacuum atmosphere should be used for brazing to avoid any embrittlement. The chapter adds that ductility can be restored if proper thermal treatments are followed after brazing, which this rule does not carry and which does not soften its condition. The chapter names the four metals as a family and says nothing about SRF cavity niobium, so the quality-factor degradation stated in the mechanism above is not from this document.", "provenance": "chapter 4 of the Schwartz handbook states the mechanism and the four metals by name" }, { "id": "R05", "titre": "Oxygen-bearing copper never under hydrogen", "portee": "pair", "condition": "base.grade in [ETP, C11000] AND atmosphere starts with H2", "severity": "FATAL", "mecanisme": "Hydrogen reduces the intergranular oxide, and the steam formed cracks the metal.", "consequence": "Only oxygen-free coppers, C10100 and C10200, enter the hydrogen-furnace scope.", "sources": [ "S-SCHWARTZ-BRAZING" ], "conditions_source": "Book page 64. The chapter states that electrolytic tough pitch copper, silver and palladium, when they contain oxygen, are subject to hydrogen embrittlement if heated in the presence of hydrogen, and that if tough pitch copper is to be brazed without embrittlement, hydrogen must not be present in the heating atmosphere. It qualifies the consequence stated above on one point that this rule does not carry: oxygen-free copper, if improperly heated, may also be oxidized and become subject to the same embrittlement, so being oxygen-free is a starting state and not a permanent immunity. It adds that hydrogen-embrittled copper cannot be salvaged.", "provenance": "chapter 4 of the Schwartz handbook states the prohibition in the same terms as this rule" }, { "id": "R06", "titre": "Bare stainless steel does not braze under wet hydrogen", "portee": "pair", "condition": "base.family == stainless AND preparation == bare AND atmosphere == wet-H2", "severity": "FATAL", "mecanisme": "Chromium oxide is not reduced under these conditions, the filler does not wet.", "remedes": [ "Ni plating", "dry H2 at high temperature", "vacuum" ], "sources": [], "provenance": "not sourced yet, to be established" }, { "id": "R07", "titre": "Mo-Mn metallisation under wet hydrogen only", "portee": "process", "condition": "preparation == mo-mn AND atmosphere != wet-H2", "severity": "FATAL", "mecanisme": "The process requires molybdenum to stay metallic while manganese oxidizes to MnO. Wet hydrogen is the atmosphere that holds both states.", "sources": [ "S-NOVA", "S-CAS-BRAZE", "S-CAS-VAC" ], "conditions_source": "Mo 80 percent Mn 20 percent powder, 1 to 5 micrometer grain, fired 1500 C under wet hydrogen, coating 0.025 to 0.038 mm, Ni plating 0.003 mm then refired 1000 C in reducing atmosphere, final braze Ag-Cu 72/28 near 780 C.", "contradictions": [ { "sujet": "the firing temperature of a molybdenum-manganese metallization", "valeurs": [ { "valeur": 1500, "unite": "C", "source": "S-NOVA", "portee": "the value this rule carries, 80 percent molybdenum and 20 percent manganese powder of one to five micron particles, fired in a wet hydrogen furnace" }, { "valeur": "1200 to 1400", "unite": "C", "source": "S-PAT-2667427", "portee": "claimed range of the originating patent, for fifteen minutes to one hour, manganese 10 to 50 percent by weight of the powder with a preferred range of 10 to 35 percent" }, { "valeur": "1300 to 1500", "unite": "C", "source": "S-RCA-ETD-STRATER", "portee": "optimum reduction of a dipped lithium dimolybdate coating under wet hydrogen, 1300 C for a forsterite body and 1400 to 1500 C for the RCA alumina body, the difference being read by the source from the melting point of the constituent phases" }, { "valeur": "1450 to 1550", "unite": "C", "source": "S-RCA-ETD-BERG", "portee": "range given for a metallizing hold of more than five and less than thirty minutes, alumina bodies, same book and same year as the entry above but another chapter and another author" } ], "note": "Published firing temperatures for a molybdenum-manganese metallization spread from 1200 to 1550 C across the documents. The corpus keeps the four and retains none. The spread is not a disagreement about one object: the sources describe different powders, different ceramic bodies and different application methods, and two of them say so themselves. The rule keeps its own value and this note says what the rest of the record publishes." } ] }, { "id": "R08", "titre": "Aluminum in a dedicated furnace", "portee": "pair", "condition": "base.family == aluminum", "severity": "WARNING", "mecanisme": "Aluminum oxide is reduced by no furnace atmosphere. The process relies on a magnesium getter and a narrow brazing window.", "consequence": "The braze_h2_firing field of aluminum-6061 is not-applicable, not empty.", "sources": [], "provenance": "not sourced yet, to be established" }, { "id": "R09", "titre": "Free-machining steels excluded", "portee": "base", "condition": "base.grade in [303, 416] or base.composition carries added S, Se or Pb", "severity": "FATAL", "mecanisme": "Sulfur, selenium or lead inclusions. Outgassing and furnace contamination.", "sources": [], "provenance": "not sourced yet, to be established" }, { "id": "R10", "titre": "Ceramic in compression", "portee": "geometry", "condition": "pair carries a ceramic AND orientation places the ceramic outside", "severity": "FATAL", "mecanisme": "On cooldown the outer member shrinks onto the inner one. A ceramic on the outside works in tension.", "regle_de_lecture": "The higher expansion curve at set temperature goes outside.", "sources": [ "S-ASM-CERAMICS-1995" ], "provenance": "sourced at lot PROCEDE-3 against the ASM handbook article on joining, which states both the premise, a ceramic must be kept out of tension, and the geometric criterion, the higher-expansion member puts the ceramic in compression. What remains UNSOURCED is the corpus threshold: this rule fires when the ceramic sits outside AND the gap exceeds the appariee threshold, and no document read so far gives that threshold. See classes.json, whose seuils are candidate and not sourced.", "conditions_source": "Printed pages 853 and 854. The article states that the ceramic is usually the most vulnerable element of a seal, so the design philosophy for most seals is to maintain minimal tensile stress in the ceramic, and that virtually all of the brittle failures occur by propagation of a crack in a tensile stress field. It then states the geometric criterion this rule carries: for a flat seal configuration, as in a butt seal or a coating on an alumina substrate, HIGHER EXPANSION OF THE METAL RELATIVE TO THE CERAMIC WILL PUT THE CERAMIC WITHIN THE BOND ZONE IN COMPRESSION. It adds, in the same sentence, a reserve this rule did not carry and now does: at the PERIPHERY of the bond zone, very large tensile stresses can be generated in the ceramic and may cause cracking at the seal edge. Compression within the bond zone therefore does not make a seal safe at its edge. The article also states that in some seals residual compressive stresses are generated deliberately to protect the ceramic, usually by selecting components with different CTEs." }, { "id": "R11", "titre": "The conformity budget reads on two entries", "portee": "pair", "condition": "pair carries a ceramic", "severity": "WARNING", "mecanisme": "The expansion gap is not enough on its own. The yield strength of the metal decides whether the strain is absorbed or passed to the ceramic.", "classement_source": "Niobium best partner for alumina, close expansion and low yield strength. Copper acceptable, high expansion but low yield strength. Stainless steel to avoid, both high.", "sources": [ "S-CAS-VAC" ], "provenance": "the coupon figures and interlayer composition previously cited here from S-SANDIA-NB were removed after audit: not verified against the document. To re-source against the full Sandia report before any reinstatement." }, { "id": "R12", "titre": "No closed volume without a vent", "portee": "geometry", "condition": "the joint creates a closed volume between two fillets without a vent hole", "severity": "FATAL", "mecanisme": "Virtual leak. The trapped volume pumps down slowly and defeats both leak testing and pumping.", "sources": [], "provenance": "not sourced yet, to be established" }, { "id": "R13", "titre": "No butt joint for a pressure boundary", "portee": "geometry", "condition": "joint.type == butt AND joint.role == sealing", "severity": "FATAL", "mecanisme": "The capillary path is reduced to the wall thickness. Lap, sleeve and telescopic joints provide the overlap length that makes the tightness.", "regle": "Overlap of at least 3 times the thinnest wall.", "sources": [], "provenance": "not sourced yet, overlap value to confirm against AWS C3.3" }, { "id": "R14", "titre": "Clearance is computed at brazing temperature", "portee": "geometry", "condition": "always", "severity": "WARNING", "mecanisme": "The two parts expand unequally. A clearance correct cold can close up or open out of range at set temperature.", "plage_generale": "0.025 to 0.125 mm held at brazing temperature", "sources": [ "S-STROPPA", "S-HAYNES" ], "conditions_source": "Ranges by AWS classification in S-STROPPA, with the observation on each line. General range from S-HAYNES for uniform capillary flow." }, { "id": "R15", "titre": "Step brazing, minimum spacing between steps", "portee": "process", "condition": "assembly with several successive brazes", "severity": "WARNING", "regle": "30 C minimum between the solidus of step N and the liquidus of step N+1, 50 C conservative.", "sources": [], "provenance": "not sourced yet, to be established" }, { "id": "R16", "titre": "No nickel-bearing fixture against titanium above 940 C", "portee": "process", "condition": "base.slug == titanium-grade-2 AND fixture or retort contains high nickel AND T_brasage_C > 940", "severity": "FATAL", "mecanisme": "Nickel and titanium form a low-melting eutectic at 28.4 percent nickel near 940 C. Above that temperature a titanium workpiece in contact with a nickel-base fixture or retort can fuse to it.", "consequence": "The parts may fuse together. The source states oxide coating as the remedy when a high-nickel fixture material such as stainless steel is used, and reports coated graphite or carbon steel as the usual fixture materials.", "sources": [ "S-SCHWARTZ-BRAZING" ], "conditions_source": "Book page 115, prose, in the paragraph that opens on the choice of materials to be used in fixtures. This rule names a FIXTURE AND RETORT material, not a brazing filler metal, and that is why it is a rule and not an entry of compat.json, whose key is a base metal against a filler. The source says: nickel or materials containing high amounts of nickel generally should be avoided, nickel and titanium form a low-melting eutectic of 28.4 percent nickel at approximately 940 C, and should the titanium workpieces contact fixtures or a retort made from nickel-base alloy the parts may fuse together if the brazing temperature is in excess of 940 C.", "provenance": "chapter 4 of the Schwartz handbook states the mechanism, the eutectic composition and the temperature", "statut": "candidate" }, { "id": "R17", "titre": "Refractory metals never under nitrogen at high temperature", "portee": "pair", "condition": "base.slug in [molybdenum, tantalum, niobium] AND atmosphere contains nitrogen", "severity": "FATAL", "mecanisme": "Nitride formation. The chapter names the three metals together and states the embrittlement without giving a temperature threshold.", "sources": [ "S-SCHWARTZ-BRAZING" ], "conditions_source": "Book page 95, in the passage on the characteristics of refractory metals. The chapter states that tantalum and niobium are embrittled by the presence of hydrogen at relatively low temperatures, which rule R04 already carries, and IN A SEPARATE SENTENCE that molybdenum, tantalum, and niobium are embrittled by nitrogen at high temperatures. Molybdenum is in the nitrogen list and not in the hydrogen one, which is why this is a rule of its own rather than an extension of R04. The chapter gives no numeric threshold for high temperatures and none is written here.", "provenance": "chapter 4 of the Schwartz handbook names the three metals and the embrittling gas", "statut": "candidate" }, { "id": "R18", "titre": "No graphite fixture in contact with tungsten", "portee": "process", "condition": "base.slug == tungsten AND fixture material is graphite", "severity": "FATAL", "mecanisme": "Carbon from the fixture reacts with the tungsten of the workpiece and forms brittle tungsten carbides at the contact.", "consequence": "The document states the requirement as an avoidance of contact and names no remedy.", "sources": [ "S-SCHWARTZ-BRAZING" ], "conditions_source": "Book page 99, in the passage on fixturing for the brazing of refractory metals. The chapter states that contact between graphite fixtures and tungsten must be avoided to prevent the formation of brittle tungsten carbides. This rule names a FIXTURE material and not a filler metal, which is why it is a rule and not an entry of compat.json, whose key is a base metal against a filler. It is the second rule of that shape after R16, and the corpus carries no field that records what a fixture is made of, so like R16 it is served as applicable and never as violated.", "provenance": "chapter 4 of the Schwartz handbook states the prohibition and the compound formed", "statut": "candidate" }, { "id": "R19", "titre": "A glass or ceramic to metal seal needs an oxide on the metal", "portee": "process", "condition": "joint is a glass-to-metal or ceramic-to-metal seal AND no controlled metal oxide is formed at the interface", "severity": "FATAL", "mecanisme": "A metal does not bond chemically to a ceramic or a glass because their electronic structures are not compatible. A phase is needed at the interface as a transition, and with an oxide ceramic that phase is one of the OXIDES OF THE METAL. It is obtained by a redox reaction if it is not already present.", "consequence": "Preoxidation of the metal at elevated temperature in air or in an atmosphere of controlled oxygen or water vapour partial pressure forms it, and its thickness is controlled kinetically by the reaction temperature.", "sources": [ "S-ASM-CERAMICS-1995" ], "conditions_source": "Printed page 848. The article states that in general metals will not bond chemically to ceramics because the metallic electronic structure is not compatible with the ionic-covalent electronic structure of ceramic materials, that a phase which theoretically could constitute just one molecular layer is thus necessary at the interface as a compatible transition, that with oxide ceramics the compatible phase is one of the oxides of the metal, and that the oxide is obtained by a redox reaction if it is not initially present. On preoxidation it states that an extensively used method to obtain the necessary substrate metal oxide at the interface is to preoxidize the metal at an elevated temperature in air or in an atmosphere with a controlled partial pressure of oxygen and or water vapor, and that the thickness of the oxide can be kinetically controlled by varying the reaction temperature. THIS RULE IS THE FOUNDATION OF THE FOURTH PROCESS ROUTE, glass-to-metal sealing, which lot PROCEDE-1 did not model and which this lot does NOT implement. The corpus carries one pairing of that kind, schott-8250 against Kovar, whose preparation field reads pre-oxidation of the Kovar and which now has its mechanism.", "provenance": "the ASM handbook article on joining states the electronic argument, the transition phase and the preoxidation method", "statut": "candidate" }, { "id": "R20", "titre": "Mo-Mn metallization applies to oxide ceramics only", "portee": "process", "condition": "preparation == mo-mn AND the ceramic member carries no oxygen", "severity": "FATAL", "mecanisme": "The process works by a reaction between the glass-forming compounds of the paste and the GLASS GRAIN BOUNDARY PHASE of the oxide ceramic. A nonoxide ceramic has no such phase, so the reaction has nothing to attach to.", "consequence": "A nitride, a carbide or a carbon cannot be joined by the Mo-Mn route, and the alternative routes the same article names are active brazing, physical vapour deposition of a metal film, and diffusion bonding.", "sources": [ "S-ASM-CERAMICS-1995" ], "conditions_source": "Printed page 858. The article states that the use of the molybdenum-manganese metallizing method is well established in industry for metallizing alumina, that HOWEVER this method CANNOT BE USED FOR NONOXIDE CERAMICS because it is based on the reaction between glass-forming compounds in the paste and the glass grain boundary phase of the alumina ceramic, and that a glass phase suitable for this reaction does not exist in nonoxide ceramics. This rule bounds R07 rather than contradicting it: R07 says under which atmosphere a Mo-Mn metallization fires, this one says on which ceramics it can be applied at all. It also bounds the process route metallize then braze of lot PROCEDE-1, which cited R07 on every non-metal member and therefore proposed a Mo-Mn metallization on graphite, on diamond, on SiC and on AlN. The corpus reads the oxide test from the elements of the material: a ceramic that carries oxygen is an oxide.", "provenance": "the ASM handbook article on joining states the restriction and the reason for it", "statut": "candidate" } ], "curves": [ { "id": "copper-ofe", "nom": "copper OFE", "famille": "metal", "grade": "C10100 / C10200, annealed", "source": "S-PANOS-OFC", "rating": "B", "statut": "candidate", "donnee_source": { "type": "instantane", "unite": "1e-6/K", "reference_C": 20, "points": [ [ 20, 15.4 ], [ 27, 15.333 ], [ 200, 16.6 ], [ 327, 17.75 ], [ 400, 18.3 ], [ 500, 19.1 ], [ 527, 19.362 ], [ 600, 20 ], [ 727, 20.973 ], [ 800, 21.6 ], [ 927, 22.584 ] ] }, "derive": { "methode": "trapezoidal integration of alpha(T) from 20 C, first point extended flat down to 20 C when the table starts above", "unite": "% from 20 C", "points": [ [ 20, 0 ], [ 27, 0.0108 ], [ 200, 0.287 ], [ 327, 0.5051 ], [ 400, 0.6367 ], [ 500, 0.8237 ], [ 527, 0.8756 ], [ 600, 1.0193 ], [ 727, 1.2795 ], [ 800, 1.4348 ], [ 927, 1.7154 ] ], "troncons": [ { "de_C": 20, "a_C": 927, "source": "S-PANOS-OFC" } ] }, "fin_C": 927, "fin_motif": "end of source table (melts 1085 C)" }, { "id": "beryllium", "nom": "beryllium", "famille": "metal", "grade": "not specified by the source", "source": "S-PANOS-BE", "rating": "B", "statut": "candidate", "donnee_source": { "type": "instantane", "unite": "1e-6/K", "reference_C": 20, "points": [ [ 27, 11.602 ], [ 100, 12.343 ], [ 127, 12.54 ], [ 200, 13.237 ], [ 227, 13.418 ], [ 300, 14.072 ], [ 327, 14.238 ], [ 400, 14.848 ], [ 427, 14.997 ], [ 500, 15.564 ], [ 527, 15.697 ], [ 627, 16.338 ], [ 700, 16.818 ], [ 727, 16.919 ], [ 827, 17.441 ], [ 927, 17.903 ], [ 1027, 18.305 ] ] }, "derive": { "methode": "trapezoidal integration of alpha(T) from 20 C, first point extended flat down to 20 C when the table starts above", "unite": "% from 20 C", "points": [ [ 20, 0 ], [ 27, 0.0081 ], [ 100, 0.0955 ], [ 127, 0.1291 ], [ 200, 0.2232 ], [ 227, 0.2592 ], [ 300, 0.3595 ], [ 327, 0.3977 ], [ 400, 0.5039 ], [ 427, 0.5442 ], [ 500, 0.6557 ], [ 527, 0.6979 ], [ 627, 0.8581 ], [ 700, 0.9791 ], [ 727, 1.0247 ], [ 827, 1.1965 ], [ 927, 1.3732 ], [ 1027, 1.5542 ] ], "troncons": [ { "de_C": 20, "a_C": 1027, "source": "S-PANOS-BE" } ] }, "fin_C": 1027, "fin_motif": "source table runs to 1500 K, stopped at 1027 C above the useful range (melts 1287 C)" }, { "id": "sapphire", "nom": "sapphire", "famille": "ceramic", "grade": "single crystal, orientation not specified", "source": "S-PAT-11222804", "rating": "C", "statut": "candidate", "donnee_source": { "type": "instantane", "unite": "1e-6/K", "reference_C": 20, "points": [ [ 20, 5.38 ], [ 517, 8.52 ], [ 1017, 9.74 ] ] }, "derive": { "methode": "trapezoidal integration of alpha(T) from 20 C, first point extended flat down to 20 C when the table starts above", "unite": "% from 20 C", "points": [ [ 20, 0 ], [ 517, 0.3454 ], [ 1017, 0.8019 ] ], "troncons": [ { "de_C": 20, "a_C": 1017, "source": "S-PAT-11222804" } ] }, "fin_C": 1017, "fin_motif": "end of the stated values", "anisotropie": { "source": "S-TPRC-V13", "unite": "percent DL/L0 referenced to 293 K", "de_C": 1026.85, "motif": "Sapphire is single-crystal Al2O3 and its expansion is not the same along the two axes of the crystal. The recommended-values table of the TPRC volume prints both, and above the end of this card's own curve at 1017 C it is the only reading the corpus has. The two axes are served SIDE BY SIDE AND NEITHER IS RETAINED, for two reasons that pull the same way. Averaging them would fabricate a number no one measured. Choosing one would settle an orientation that THE SOURCE OF THIS CARD DOES NOT DECLARE: the card reads grade single crystal, orientation not specified, and no document of this dossier says which way the crystal of a viewport is cut. The gap between the axes is 0.062 percent of length at 1300 K and 0.115 at 1900 K, which is seven to eight percent of the value, and a reader who needs it to a percent has to know his orientation before he can use either column. The polycrystalline column of the same table is NOT carried here: this card is a monocrystal.", "axes": [ { "axe": "c", "points": [ [ 1026.85, 0.892 ], [ 1126.85, 0.998 ], [ 1226.85, 1.105 ], [ 1326.85, 1.215 ], [ 1426.85, 1.325 ], [ 1526.85, 1.44 ], [ 1626.85, 1.555 ] ] }, { "axe": "a", "points": [ [ 1026.85, 0.83 ], [ 1126.85, 0.928 ], [ 1226.85, 1.027 ], [ 1326.85, 1.128 ], [ 1426.85, 1.23 ], [ 1526.85, 1.333 ], [ 1626.85, 1.44 ] ] } ] } }, { "id": "alumina", "nom": "alumina", "famille": "ceramic", "grade": "sintered, grade not specified", "source": "S-PAT-11222804", "rating": "C", "statut": "candidate", "donnee_source": { "type": "instantane", "unite": "1e-6/K", "reference_C": 20, "points": [ [ 20, 4.6 ], [ 500, 7.1 ], [ 1000, 8.1 ] ] }, "derive": { "methode": "trapezoidal integration of alpha(T) from 20 C, first point extended flat down to 20 C when the table starts above", "unite": "% from 20 C", "points": [ [ 20, 0 ], [ 500, 0.2808 ], [ 1000, 0.6608 ], [ 1026.85, 0.852 ], [ 1126.85, 0.952 ], [ 1226.85, 1.054 ], [ 1326.85, 1.158 ], [ 1426.85, 1.263 ], [ 1526.85, 1.37 ], [ 1626.85, 1.48 ] ], "troncons": [ { "de_C": 20, "a_C": 1000, "source": "S-PAT-11222804" }, { "de_C": 1000, "a_C": 1626.85, "source": "S-TPRC-V13", "methode": "percent linear expansion copied row by row from the polycrystalline column of table 35R, referenced to 293 K, temperatures converted from kelvin by subtracting 273.15, never resampled and never derived" } ], "contradictions": [ { "jonction_C": 1000, "sujet": "the expansion at 1000 C, where the two documents of this curve meet", "valeurs": [ { "valeur": 0.6608, "unite": "% from 20 C", "source": "S-PAT-11222804", "portee": "end of the range stated in the patent, sintered alumina of unstated grade, instantaneous coefficients read at three temperatures" }, { "valeur": 0.8257, "unite": "% from 20 C", "source": "S-TPRC-V13", "portee": "recommended polycrystalline value of the TPRC volume at the same temperature, read between its 1200 and 1300 K rows" } ], "note": "The two documents disagree at the junction by 0.1649 percent of length, which is 25 percent of the patent value. This is the widest gap in the corpus and the two sources are not describing the same body. The patent states three instantaneous coefficients for a sintered alumina whose grade it does not give, and this card covers technical alumina from 94 to 99.8 percent. The TPRC values are recommended for PURE aluminum oxide, calculated from axial data on pure samples. Purity is exactly what separates a technical alumina from a pure one. The corpus keeps both, retains neither, and never interpolates across this junction." } ] }, "fin_C": 1626.85, "fin_motif": "last row of table 35R of the TPRC volume, 1900 K, well below the 2319 K melting point" }, { "id": "stainless-316l", "nom": "stainless 316L", "famille": "metal", "grade": "316L (304L declared on the same curve, not separately sourced)", "source": "S-316L-DS", "rating": "B", "statut": "candidate", "donnee_source": { "type": "moyen", "unite": "1e-6/K", "reference_C": 0, "points": [ [ 100, 16 ], [ 315, 16.2 ], [ 538, 17.5 ], [ 649, 18.5 ], [ 871, 19.9 ] ] }, "derive": { "methode": "eps = mean_alpha(Tref->T) x (T-Tref), brought to 20 C by subtracting mean_alpha(first range) x (20-Tref)", "unite": "% from 20 C", "points": [ [ 20, 0 ], [ 100, 0.128 ], [ 315, 0.4783 ], [ 538, 0.9095 ], [ 649, 1.1686 ], [ 871, 1.7013 ], [ 926.85, 1.764 ], [ 1026.85, 1.977 ], [ 1126.85, 2.191 ], [ 1226.85, 2.405 ], [ 1326.85, 2.615 ], [ 1370.85, 2.705 ] ], "troncons": [ { "de_C": 20, "a_C": 871, "source": "S-316L-DS" }, { "de_C": 871, "a_C": 1370.85, "source": "S-CINDAS-51", "methode": "percent expansion copied row by row from table 4 of the report, referenced to 293 K which is the 20 C reference of this series, temperatures converted from kelvin by subtracting 273.15, never resampled and never derived" } ], "contradictions": [ { "jonction_C": 871, "sujet": "the expansion at 871 C, where the two documents of this curve meet", "valeurs": [ { "valeur": 1.7013, "unite": "% from 20 C", "source": "S-316L-DS", "portee": "end of the manufacturer data sheet table for type 316 and 316L, mean coefficient from 0 C brought to a 20 C reference" }, { "valeur": 1.6456, "unite": "% from 20 C", "source": "S-CINDAS-51", "portee": "recommended value of the CINDAS report for AISI 316 at the same temperature, read between its 1100 and 1200 K rows" } ], "note": "The two documents do not agree at the junction, by 0.0557 percent of length, which is 3.3 percent of the manufacturer value. They are not the same kind of number. One is a manufacturer data sheet covering type 316 and 316L together. The other is a national program recommendation for AISI 316 alone, built from five experimental sets and stating its own uncertainty at 5 percent, which is wider than the gap. The corpus keeps both, retains neither, and never interpolates across this junction." } ] }, "fin_C": 1370.85, "fin_motif": "solidus temperature of AISI 316, last row of table 4 of the CINDAS report" }, { "id": "nickel-200", "nom": "nickel", "famille": "metal", "grade": "Nickel 200", "source": "S-NI200-SM", "rating": "B", "statut": "candidate", "donnee_source": { "type": "moyen", "unite": "1e-6/K", "reference_C": 21, "points": [ [ 100, 13.3 ], [ 200, 13.9 ], [ 300, 14.2 ], [ 400, 14.8 ], [ 500, 15.3 ], [ 600, 15.5 ], [ 700, 15.8 ], [ 800, 16.2 ], [ 900, 16.6 ], [ 1000, 16.9 ] ] }, "derive": { "methode": "eps = mean_alpha(Tref->T) x (T-Tref), brought to 20 C by subtracting mean_alpha(first range) x (20-Tref)", "unite": "% from 20 C", "points": [ [ 20, 0 ], [ 100, 0.1064 ], [ 200, 0.2501 ], [ 300, 0.3975 ], [ 400, 0.5623 ], [ 500, 0.7342 ], [ 600, 0.8988 ], [ 700, 1.0742 ], [ 800, 1.2633 ], [ 900, 1.4605 ], [ 1000, 1.6558 ] ], "troncons": [ { "de_C": 20, "a_C": 1000, "source": "S-NI200-SM" } ] }, "fin_C": 1000, "fin_motif": "end of useful range (source table runs to 1100 C)" }, { "id": "kovar", "nom": "Kovar", "famille": "metal", "grade": "Fe-29Ni-17Co", "source": "S-KOVAR-PP", "rating": "B", "statut": "candidate", "donnee_source": { "type": "moyen", "unite": "1e-6/K", "reference_C": 30, "points": [ [ 200, 5.5 ], [ 300, 5.1 ], [ 400, 4.9 ], [ 450, 5.3 ], [ 500, 6.2 ], [ 600, 7.9 ], [ 700, 9.3 ], [ 800, 10.4 ], [ 900, 11.5 ] ], "intervalles": { "400": [ 4.6, 5.2 ], "450": [ 5.1, 5.5 ] } }, "derive": { "methode": "eps = mean_alpha(Tref->T) x (T-Tref), brought to 20 C by subtracting mean_alpha(first range) x (20-Tref)", "unite": "% from 20 C", "points": [ [ 20, 0 ], [ 200, 0.099 ], [ 300, 0.1432 ], [ 400, 0.1868 ], [ 450, 0.2281 ], [ 500, 0.2969 ], [ 600, 0.4558 ], [ 700, 0.6286 ], [ 800, 0.8063 ], [ 900, 1.006 ] ], "troncons": [ { "de_C": 20, "a_C": 900, "source": "S-KOVAR-PP" } ] }, "fin_C": 900, "fin_motif": "end of source table" }, { "id": "titanium-grade-2", "nom": "titanium grade 2", "famille": "metal", "grade": "CP grade 2, ASME group A", "source": "S-ASME-C1", "rating": "B", "statut": "candidate", "donnee_source": { "type": "moyen", "unite": "1e-6/K", "reference_C": 21, "points": [ [ 93, 8.46 ], [ 149, 8.64 ], [ 204, 8.64 ], [ 260, 8.82 ], [ 316, 8.82 ], [ 371, 9 ], [ 427, 9.18 ] ] }, "derive": { "methode": "eps = mean_alpha(Tref->T) x (T-Tref), brought to 20 C by subtracting mean_alpha(first range) x (20-Tref)", "unite": "% from 20 C", "points": [ [ 20, 0 ], [ 93, 0.0618 ], [ 149, 0.1114 ], [ 204, 0.159 ], [ 260, 0.2116 ], [ 316, 0.261 ], [ 371, 0.3158 ], [ 427, 0.3736 ], [ 500, 0.48 ], [ 600, 0.6032 ], [ 700, 0.7276 ] ], "troncons": [ { "de_C": 20, "a_C": 427, "source": "S-ASME-C1" }, { "de_C": 427, "a_C": 700, "source": "S-NBS-RP1520", "methode": "eps in percent at T = mean_alpha(20 to T) x (T - 20) x 1e-4, the defining identity of a mean coefficient, with mean_alpha read straight from table 1 of RP1520, sample 1641A test 2 heating: 10.0 at 500 C, 10.4 at 600 C, 10.7 at 700 C. Only the temperatures the table tabulates are carried, so no coefficient is interpolated to make a point." } ], "contradictions": [ { "jonction_C": 427, "sujet": "the expansion at 427 C, where the two documents of this curve meet", "valeurs": [ { "valeur": 0.3736, "unite": "% from 20 C", "source": "S-ASME-C1", "portee": "end of the ASME B31.3 table, titanium group A covering the commercially pure grades 1, 2, 3, 7 and 12" }, { "valeur": 0.3981, "unite": "% from 20 C", "source": "S-NBS-RP1520", "portee": "identity applied to the RP1520 mean coefficient at the same temperature, read between its 20 to 400 C and 20 to 500 C columns" } ], "note": "The two documents do not agree at the junction, by 0.0245 percent of length, which is 6.6 percent of the ASME value. They do not describe the same metal. The ASME table covers the commercially pure titanium grades, and this curve is read as grade 2. RP1520 measured one cast sample of 97.2 percent purity carrying 1.11 percent iron and 1.05 percent silicon. The corpus keeps both, retains neither, and never interpolates across this junction." } ] }, "fin_C": 700, "fin_motif": "last temperature the RP1520 table tabulates a mean coefficient for on sample 1641A, 700 C", "motif": "WHY THE TPRC RECOMMENDED TABLE DID NOT EXTEND THIS CURVE, lot SALVE-V12. Table 57R of volume 12 was read at the page image and it does carry RECOMMENDED values for titanium, polycrystalline column, up to 1600 K, well beyond the 700 C this curve stops at. It was NOT carried, for a reason the gate itself stated. Above 700 C the table prints exactly ONE row before a discontinuity: 1000 K, that is 726.85 C, at 0.736 percent. The next entry is 1155 K marked phase transition, where the table gives TWO different expansions at the SAME temperature, 0.918 and 0.868, and above it the material is beta titanium, a different phase. A curve that interpolates cannot cross that. A single row is not a segment either, and the junction fixture of the gate refused the one-point extension in those terms: the second segment had no interior to exercise. Weakening that fixture to admit the point would have been the wrong trade, so the extension was withdrawn. WHAT THE READING DID ESTABLISH, and it is kept here rather than dropped: the two documents do not agree through this band. Table 57R prints 0.622 percent at 900 K, that is 626.85 C, while this curve passes through 0.6032 at 600 C and 0.7276 at 700 C, so it runs some two percent above the recommended table there. No single temperature is printed by both documents, so those figures are not one point and are not shown as one. Nothing here is removed and the two segments of this curve keep their own provenance." }, { "id": "niobium", "nom": "niobium", "famille": "metal", "grade": "not specified by the recommended-values table", "source": "S-TPRC-V12-35R", "rating": "A", "statut": "candidate", "donnee_source": { "type": "integrale", "unite": "percent DL/L0, T in kelvin", "reference_C": 19.85, "methode": "table 35R copied as printed, temperatures left in kelvin as the volume prints them, the 600 K row dropped as unreadable and the sub-ambient rows not carried", "points": [ [ 293, 0 ], [ 400, 0.078 ], [ 500, 0.155 ], [ 700, 0.312 ], [ 800, 0.393 ], [ 900, 0.477 ], [ 1000, 0.561 ], [ 1200, 0.737 ], [ 1400, 0.916 ], [ 1600, 1.102 ], [ 1800, 1.292 ], [ 2000, 1.488 ], [ 2200, 1.687 ], [ 2300, 1.788 ] ] }, "derive": { "methode": "percent linear expansion copied row by row from table 35R, referenced to 293 K, temperatures converted from kelvin by subtracting 273.15, never resampled and never derived", "unite": "% from 20 C", "points": [ [ 19.85, 0 ], [ 126.85, 0.078 ], [ 226.85, 0.155 ], [ 426.85, 0.312 ], [ 526.85, 0.393 ], [ 626.85, 0.477 ], [ 726.85, 0.561 ], [ 926.85, 0.737 ], [ 1126.85, 0.916 ], [ 1326.85, 1.102 ], [ 1526.85, 1.292 ], [ 1726.85, 1.488 ], [ 1926.85, 1.687 ], [ 2026.85, 1.788 ] ], "troncons": [ { "de_C": 19.85, "a_C": 2026.85, "source": "S-TPRC-V12-35R" } ] }, "fin_C": 2026.85, "fin_motif": "last row of table 35R, 2300 K, well below the melting point the same figure marks at 2744 K", "motif": "WHAT THIS CURVE REPLACES, and what is not erased. Until this lot the key carried TWO points, 0 percent at 20 C and 0.6762 percent at 1000 C, a straight line drawn from the single mean coefficient the patent US 6882109 prints for 0 to 1000 C, 6.9e-6 per kelvin, rated C. It was the weakest curve of this corpus. It is replaced by table 35R of volume 12 of the TPRC series, rated A, fourteen rows read at the page image from 19.85 to 2026.85 C. THE TWO DOCUMENTS DO NOT SAY THE SAME THING AND THE PATENT IS NOT DELETED FOR THAT. It prints one mean coefficient over a thousand degrees, from which a straight line and nothing else can be drawn, while the recommended table prints in its own column a coefficient that climbs from 7.3 at 293 K to 10.1 at 2300 K, passing 8.6 at 1000 K. The gap is about a quarter on the coefficient and it is wider on the SHAPE, a line against a curve. The disagreement does not fit the contradictions field, which the schema reserves for junctions between two segments of one curve and which refused this entry, this curve having a single segment. It is therefore written here. Both compared values, 6.9e-6 from the patent and 8.6e-6 from the table at 1000 K, are PRINTED by their document and neither is derived." }, { "id": "tantalum", "nom": "tantalum", "famille": "metal", "grade": "not specified", "source": "S-PAT-6882109", "rating": "C", "statut": "candidate", "donnee_source": { "type": "plage-unique", "unite": "1e-6/K", "reference_C": 0, "points": [ [ 1000, 6.5 ] ] }, "derive": { "methode": "eps = mean_alpha(Tref->T) x (T-Tref), brought to 20 C by subtracting mean_alpha(first range) x (20-Tref)", "unite": "% from 20 C", "points": [ [ 20, 0 ], [ 1000, 0.637 ] ], "troncons": [ { "de_C": 20, "a_C": 1000, "source": "S-PAT-6882109" } ] }, "fin_C": 1000, "fin_motif": "single 0-1000 C value, straight line" }, { "id": "molybdenum", "nom": "molybdenum", "famille": "metal", "grade": "not specified", "source": "S-PAT-6882109", "rating": "C", "statut": "candidate", "donnee_source": { "type": "plage-unique", "unite": "1e-6/K", "reference_C": 0, "points": [ [ 1000, 5.5 ] ] }, "derive": { "methode": "eps = mean_alpha(Tref->T) x (T-Tref), brought to 20 C by subtracting mean_alpha(first range) x (20-Tref)", "unite": "% from 20 C", "points": [ [ 20, 0 ], [ 1000, 0.539 ] ], "troncons": [ { "de_C": 20, "a_C": 1000, "source": "S-PAT-6882109" } ] }, "fin_C": 1000, "fin_motif": "single 0-1000 C value, straight line" }, { "id": "tungsten", "nom": "tungsten", "famille": "metal", "grade": "not specified", "source": "S-PAT-6882109", "rating": "C", "statut": "candidate", "donnee_source": { "type": "plage-unique", "unite": "1e-6/K", "reference_C": 0, "points": [ [ 1000, 5.1 ] ] }, "derive": { "methode": "eps = mean_alpha(Tref->T) x (T-Tref), brought to 20 C by subtracting mean_alpha(first range) x (20-Tref)", "unite": "% from 20 C", "points": [ [ 20, 0 ], [ 1000, 0.4998 ] ], "troncons": [ { "de_C": 20, "a_C": 1000, "source": "S-PAT-6882109" } ] }, "fin_C": 1000, "fin_motif": "single 0-1000 C value, straight line" }, { "id": "aln", "nom": "AlN", "famille": "ceramic", "grade": "not specified", "source": "S-PAT-9202718", "rating": "C", "statut": "candidate", "donnee_source": { "type": "plage-unique", "unite": "1e-6/K", "reference_C": 40, "points": [ [ 1000, 5.5 ] ], "intervalles": { "1000": [ 5, 6 ] } }, "derive": { "methode": "eps = mean_alpha(Tref->T) x (T-Tref), brought to 20 C by subtracting mean_alpha(first range) x (20-Tref)", "unite": "% from 20 C", "points": [ [ 20, 0 ], [ 1000, 0.539 ], [ 1026.85, 0.531 ], [ 1126.85, 0.595 ], [ 1226.85, 0.66 ], [ 1326.85, 0.724 ], [ 1426.85, 0.787 ] ], "troncons": [ { "de_C": 20, "a_C": 1000, "source": "S-PAT-9202718" }, { "de_C": 1000, "a_C": 1426.85, "source": "S-TPRC-V13-312R", "methode": "percent linear expansion copied row by row from the polycrystalline column of table 312R for the rows strictly above 1000 C, referenced to 293 K, temperatures converted from kelvin by subtracting 273.15, never resampled and never derived" } ], "contradictions": [ { "jonction_C": 1000, "sujet": "the expansion at 1000 C, where the two documents of this curve meet", "valeurs": [ { "valeur": 0.539, "unite": "% from 20 C", "source": "S-PAT-9202718", "portee": "end of the range stated in the patent, a single mean coefficient of 5 to 6 ppm per K over 40 to 1000 C whose midpoint 5.5 the corpus carries, grade of the aluminium nitride not given" }, { "valeur": 0.5141, "unite": "% from 20 C", "source": "S-TPRC-V13-312R", "portee": "provisional polycrystalline value of the TPRC volume at the same temperature, read between its 1200 and 1300 K rows, 0.468 and 0.531" } ], "note": "The two documents disagree at the junction by 0.0249 percent of length, which is 4.6 percent of the patent value. The gap is small and the two sources are not of the same kind. The patent publishes one mean coefficient over a 960 degree span with a stated interval of 5 to 6 ppm per K, so its own uncertainty already spans 9 percent and covers the TPRC value. The TPRC values are PROVISIONAL and are calculated from axial measurements rather than measured on a polycrystalline body. The corpus keeps both, retains neither, and never interpolates across this junction." } ] }, "fin_C": 1426.85, "fin_motif": "last row of table 312R, 1700 K, end of the provisional values of the TPRC volume" }, { "id": "diamond", "nom": "CVD diamond", "famille": "ceramic", "grade": "polycrystalline CVD, all grades share the stated values", "source": "S-E6-HANDBOOK", "rating": "B", "statut": "candidate", "donnee_source": { "type": "instantane", "unite": "1e-6/K", "reference_C": 20, "points": [ [ 27, 1 ], [ 727, 4.4 ] ] }, "derive": { "methode": "trapezoidal integration of alpha(T) from 20 C, first point extended flat down to 20 C when the table starts above", "unite": "% from 20 C", "points": [ [ 20, 0 ], [ 27, 0.0007 ], [ 727, 0.1897 ], [ 750, 0.2273 ], [ 775, 0.2387 ], [ 800, 0.2501 ] ], "troncons": [ { "de_C": 20, "a_C": 727, "source": "S-E6-HANDBOOK" }, { "de_C": 727, "a_C": 800, "source": "S-JACOBSON-STOUPIN", "methode": "alpha(T) integrated from 20 C, the reference temperature of this series, so each point of this troncon belongs entirely to the paper and borrows no offset from the manufacturer. The coefficient is fit 2 of table 1, the untruncated fit: alpha(T) = sum over four oscillators of Xi E(Theta_i / T) with E(x) = x^2 exp(x) / (exp(x) - 1)^2, X = 0.0210, 0.3897, 3.4447, 2.2796 in 1e-6/K, Theta = 225.2, 634.0, 1365.5, 3068.8 in K, T in kelvin as the Celsius temperature plus 273.15. Integration by Simpson quadrature over 20 to 800 C, stable to 8 decimals between 2000 and 200000 intervals. Control that the parameters were read right: the same formula returns 1.0572e-6/K at 298 K for fit 1 and 1.0544e-6/K for fit 2, against the 1.057e-6/K the paper states for its fits at that temperature. Sampled every 25 C and never finer, the 727 to 750 C gap being what the junction leaves. Reference: P. Jacobson and S. Stoupin, Diamond and Related Materials 97 (2019) 107469." } ], "contradictions": [ { "jonction_C": 727, "sujet": "the expansion at 727 C, which is 1000 K, where the two documents of this curve meet", "valeurs": [ { "valeur": 0.1897, "unite": "% from 20 C", "source": "S-E6-HANDBOOK", "portee": "end of the manufacturer handbook, two instantaneous coefficients for polycrystalline CVD diamond (1.0 ppm/K at 300 K and 4.4 ppm/K at 1000 K) integrated trapezoidally from 20 C, the second point being the last one stated" }, { "valeur": 0.217, "unite": "% from 20 C", "source": "S-JACOBSON-STOUPIN", "portee": "fit 2 of the paper integrated from 20 C over the same interval, a four-oscillator Einstein model fitted to selected monocrystalline literature data and constrained below 300 K by high-accuracy X-ray backscattering measurements" } ], "note": "The two documents disagree at the junction by 0.0273 percent of length, which is 14.4 percent of the manufacturer value. Two separate causes, and neither document is wrong on its own terms. The first is the body: the handbook describes polycrystalline CVD material, the paper fits monocrystalline data. The second is the shape of the number: the handbook states two coefficients and nothing between them, so a straight line from 1.0 to 4.4 ppm/K across 700 K is the only reading available, while the paper carries a curved coefficient that runs above that line over most of the interval. At the junction itself the two coefficients nearly agree (4.4 against 4.45 ppm/K), so the gap is accumulated over the whole range below and not a disagreement about 727 C. The corpus keeps both, retains neither, and never interpolates across this junction." } ] }, "fin_C": 800, "fin_motif": "stopped by this campaign and not by the document. Fit 2 is published to 2000 K, and its authors flag discrepancies above 1000 K attributed to anharmonic effects or defects, which they read as anharmonic vibrations or the influence of defects in diamond. The whole of this troncon lies above that 1000 K, so it is carried only to 800 C, one sample past the 780 C the abacus reads, and no further." }, { "id": "sic", "nom": "SiC", "famille": "ceramic", "grade": "3C (cubic), the CVD polytype", "source": "S-3CSIC-XRD", "rating": "A", "statut": "candidate", "donnee_source": { "type": "instantane", "unite": "1e-6/K", "reference_C": 20, "points": [ [ 25, 2.394 ], [ 200, 3.321 ], [ 400, 4.486 ], [ 600, 5.765 ], [ 800, 7.158 ] ] }, "derive": { "methode": "trapezoidal integration of alpha(T) from 20 C, first point extended flat down to 20 C when the table starts above", "unite": "% from 20 C", "points": [ [ 20, 0 ], [ 25, 0.0012 ], [ 200, 0.0512 ], [ 400, 0.1293 ], [ 600, 0.2318 ], [ 800, 0.361 ] ], "troncons": [ { "de_C": 20, "a_C": 800, "source": "S-3CSIC-XRD" } ] }, "fin_C": 800, "fin_motif": "end of the source measurement range", "source_cible": "TPRC volume 13 carries figure and table number 250R, page 1127 for the recommended values of silicon carbide, but for ALPHA-SiC, the hexagonal polytype, which the figure names on its curve. This card carries 3C-SiC, the cubic CVD polytype, and the two are different substances with different expansions. Splicing them would put two polytypes on one curve. The TPRC table runs 5 to 2800 K with values marked provisional above 1800 K, accurate to 5 percent below 1800 K and 10 percent above, and it is the source to read the day this corpus carries an alpha-SiC card." }, { "id": "graphite", "nom": "graphite", "famille": "ceramic", "grade": "Toyo Tanso IG-110, grade-specific", "source": "S-IG110", "rating": "B", "statut": "candidate", "donnee_source": { "type": "plage-unique", "unite": "1e-6/K", "reference_C": 20, "points": [ [ 450, 4 ] ] }, "derive": { "methode": "eps = mean_alpha(Tref->T) x (T-Tref), brought to 20 C by subtracting mean_alpha(first range) x (20-Tref)", "unite": "% from 20 C", "points": [ [ 20, 0 ], [ 450, 0.172 ], [ 500, 0.2047 ], [ 550, 0.2299 ], [ 600, 0.2555 ], [ 650, 0.2817 ], [ 700, 0.3082 ], [ 750, 0.3351 ], [ 800, 0.3624 ], [ 850, 0.3899 ], [ 900, 0.4177 ], [ 950, 0.4457 ], [ 1000, 0.4739 ], [ 1050, 0.5021 ], [ 1100, 0.5304 ], [ 1150, 0.5587 ], [ 1200, 0.587 ], [ 1250, 0.6153 ], [ 1300, 0.6434 ], [ 1350, 0.6713 ], [ 1400, 0.699 ], [ 1450, 0.7265 ], [ 1500, 0.7537 ] ], "troncons": [ { "de_C": 20, "a_C": 450, "source": "S-IG110" }, { "de_C": 450, "a_C": 1500, "source": "S-NRC-ML21215A346", "methode": "eps in percent at T = beta(T) x (T - 25) x 1e-4, the defining identity of a mean CTE, with beta from the Shibata et al. 2010 fit beta = 3.46 + 0.002 T - 6e-7 T2, low reference 25 C as published, sampled every 50 C, never extrapolated above 1500 C" } ], "contradictions": [ { "jonction_C": 450, "sujet": "the expansion at 450 C, where the two documents of this curve meet", "valeurs": [ { "valeur": 0.172, "unite": "% from 20 C", "source": "S-IG110", "portee": "manufacturer value, single mean CTE of 4.0e-6 per K measured over the 350-450 C window, referenced to 20 C" }, { "valeur": 0.1801, "unite": "% from 25 C", "source": "S-NRC-ML21215A346", "portee": "value of the Shibata et al. 2010 fit at the same temperature, beta 4.2385e-6 per K, referenced to 25 C" } ], "note": "The two documents do not agree at the junction, by 0.0081 percent of length, which is 4.73 percent of the manufacturer value. Two measured causes act in opposite directions. The coefficients differ, 4.0 against 4.2385e-6 per K at 450 C, which is 6.0 percent on the coefficient itself. The low references differ, 20 C for the manufacturer series and 25 C for the fit, worth 0.002 percent the other way. The corpus keeps both, retains neither, and never interpolates across this junction." } ] }, "fin_C": 1500, "fin_motif": "end of the fitted range plotted in Figure 2-7 of ML21215A346" }, { "id": "aluminum-6061", "nom": "aluminum 6061", "famille": "metal", "grade": "all tempers (O, T4, T6, T651)", "source": "S-MILHDBK-6061", "rating": "C", "statut": "candidate", "donnee_source": { "type": "moyen", "unite": "1e-6/K", "reference_C": 20, "points": [ [ 100, 23.6 ], [ 300, 25.5 ] ] }, "derive": { "methode": "eps = mean_alpha(Tref->T) x (T-Tref), brought to 20 C by subtracting mean_alpha(first range) x (20-Tref)", "unite": "% from 20 C", "points": [ [ 20, 0 ], [ 100, 0.1888 ], [ 300, 0.714 ] ], "troncons": [ { "de_C": 20, "a_C": 300, "source": "S-MILHDBK-6061" } ] }, "fin_C": 300, "fin_motif": "end of the cited mean ranges (solidus 582 C, well below brazing set temperatures of the corpus)" }, { "id": "beo", "nom": "BeO", "famille": "ceramic", "statut": "candidate", "grade": "polycrystalline, purity not specified by the recommended-values table", "source": "S-TPRC-V13-37R", "rating": "A", "donnee_source": { "type": "integrale", "unite": "percent DL/L0, T in kelvin", "reference_C": 19.85, "methode": "polycrystalline column of table 37R, copied as printed, temperatures left in kelvin as the volume prints them", "points": [ [ 293, 0 ], [ 350, 0.037 ], [ 400, 0.07 ], [ 500, 0.143 ], [ 600, 0.22 ], [ 700, 0.304 ], [ 800, 0.393 ], [ 900, 0.487 ], [ 1000, 0.586 ], [ 1100, 0.69 ], [ 1200, 0.799 ], [ 1300, 0.912 ], [ 1400, 1.03 ], [ 1500, 1.152 ], [ 1600, 1.278 ], [ 1700, 1.408 ], [ 1800, 1.541 ], [ 1900, 1.679 ], [ 2000, 1.819 ], [ 2100, 1.963 ], [ 2200, 2.11 ], [ 2300, 2.26 ] ] }, "derive": { "methode": "percent linear expansion copied row by row from the polycrystalline column of table 37R, referenced to 293 K, temperatures converted from kelvin by subtracting 273.15, never resampled and never derived", "unite": "% from 20 C", "points": [ [ 19.85, 0 ], [ 76.85, 0.037 ], [ 126.85, 0.07 ], [ 226.85, 0.143 ], [ 326.85, 0.22 ], [ 426.85, 0.304 ], [ 526.85, 0.393 ], [ 626.85, 0.487 ], [ 726.85, 0.586 ], [ 826.85, 0.69 ], [ 926.85, 0.799 ], [ 1026.85, 0.912 ], [ 1126.85, 1.03 ], [ 1226.85, 1.152 ], [ 1326.85, 1.278 ], [ 1426.85, 1.408 ], [ 1526.85, 1.541 ], [ 1626.85, 1.679 ], [ 1726.85, 1.819 ], [ 1826.85, 1.963 ], [ 1926.85, 2.11 ], [ 2026.85, 2.26 ] ], "troncons": [ { "de_C": 19.85, "a_C": 2026.85, "source": "S-TPRC-V13-37R" } ] }, "fin_C": 2026.85, "fin_motif": "last row of table 37R, 2300 K, below the alpha to beta transition point the same figure marks at about 2373 K and well below the melting point at about 2843 K" }, { "id": "schott-8250", "nom": "Schott 8250 glass (replaces Corning 7052)", "famille": "glass", "statut": "no-curve", "motif": "no sourced curve read in this version", "source_cible": "SCHOTT 8250 datasheet: alpha 20-300 C, Tg, annealing point. TPRC volume 13 was searched for this lot and DOES NOT NAME this glass. Its glasses group carries Borosilicate Glass as figure and table number 366, page 1355, marked with the asterisk that the volume uses for materials whose recommended, provisional or typical values are NOT reported, and Pyrex Glass as number 374, page 1369, which is not asterisked and therefore carries recommended values. Neither is Schott 8250: the first is a family without a nuance and without recommended values, the second is a Corning product whose expansion is far from a Kovar sealing glass. Reading either as this card would be a substitution, not a reading." } ], "pairs": [ { "id": "alumina--kovar--ag-cu-72-28", "A": "alumina", "B": "kovar", "brasure": "ag-cu-72-28", "atmosphere": "vacuum or H2 (brazing), wet H2 (metallisation)", "preparation": "Mo-Mn 80/20 fired 1500 C under wet H2, coating 0.025-0.038 mm, Ni plating 0.003 mm refired 1000 C", "T_brasage_C": 780, "role": "sealing", "mouillage": "yes, via metallisation", "thermomecanique": "Kovar and Dilver are alloys developed for brazing on alumina, expansion close to alumina at brazing temperature", "tenue": "UHV-tight joints, 49-98 MPa adhesion on metallized parts", "echec": "The NOvA kicker source of this pair, read in full at lot REPONSE-1, prints the production yields of the two routes side by side and they are not the same. On the metallization route Fermilab states a 100 percent leak-tight success rate. On the active brazing route the success is less than 50 percent, and for the recently produced rectangular tubes of the Fermilab Booster Ring less than a 20 percent vacuum-leak tightness rate. The adhesion strengths follow: 30 to 49 MPa for the active braze against 49 to 98 MPa for the metallized parts. The same source attributes part of the recent difficulty to a tube wall thickness almost 50 percent smaller than in the past, and not to the route alone. The route this pair carries is the metallized one, the 100 percent figure, and the failure recorded here is the alternative the same team was forced onto because no vendor was found who could metallize long tubes.", "preuve_usage": "UHV insulators and semiconductor packages, vacuum tubes, klystrons", "sources": [ "S-NOVA", "S-CAS-VAC", "S-WESGO-CUSIL" ], "statut": "candidate", "valeurs_mecaniques": [ { "grandeur": "tensile", "valeur": "49 to 98", "unite": "MPa", "methode": "adhesion", "conditions": "the metallized route", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-NOVA" } ] }, { "id": "alumina--kovar--ag-cu-ti-ticusil", "A": "alumina", "B": "kovar", "brasure": "ag-cu-ti-ticusil", "atmosphere": "vacuum 1e-5 mm Hg or inert gas", "preparation": "no metallisation", "T_brasage_C": null, "role": "sealing", "mouillage": "yes, direct active brazing", "tenue": "30-49 MPa adhesion active against 49-98 MPa metallized", "preuve_usage": "long ceramic tubes when no vendor will metallize the geometry", "sources": [ "S-NOVA", "S-WESGO-TICUSIL" ], "statut": "candidate", "valeurs_mecaniques": [ { "grandeur": "tensile", "valeur": "30 to 49", "unite": "MPa", "methode": "adhesion", "conditions": "the active brazing route", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-NOVA" } ] }, { "id": "alumina--niobium--direct", "A": "alumina", "B": "niobium", "brasure": "cu-pur-bcu-1", "brasure_note": "filler with limited Nb solubility (copper or nickel), direct brazing", "atmosphere": "vacuum", "preparation": "none", "role": "sealing", "mouillage": "yes, stable oxides formed by Nb diffusion into the liquid filler", "thermomecanique": "best partner for alumina: close expansion and low yield strength", "tenue": "long-life hermetic components without an active filler", "sources": [ "S-SANDIA-NB", "S-CAS-VAC" ], "statut": "candidate" }, { "id": "sapphire--niobium--direct", "A": "sapphire", "B": "niobium", "brasure": "cu-pur-bcu-1", "brasure_note": "direct brazing, copper or nickel", "atmosphere": "vacuum", "preparation": "none", "role": "sealing", "mouillage": "yes", "thermomecanique": "close expansions, residual stress minimized", "tenue": "long-life hermetic", "sources": [ "S-SANDIA-NB" ], "statut": "candidate" }, { "id": "alumina--copper-ofe--metallise", "A": "alumina", "B": "copper-ofe", "brasure": "ag-cu-72-28", "atmosphere": "vacuum", "preparation": "Mo-Mn then Ni plating", "role": "sealing", "mouillage": "yes, via metallisation", "thermomecanique": "acceptable: high expansion but low yield strength", "preuve_usage": "copper collar brazed on metallized alumina (figure 7 of the source)", "sources": [ "S-CAS-VAC" ], "statut": "candidate" }, { "id": "alumina--stainless--metallise", "A": "alumina", "B": "stainless-316l", "brasure": "ag-cu-pd-palcusil-15", "atmosphere": "vacuum, H2 or inert gas", "preparation": "Mo-Mn then Ni plating", "role": "sealing", "mouillage": "yes per the manufacturer (stainless and metallized ceramic listed)", "thermomecanique": "to avoid: high expansion and high yield strength", "contradiction": "the manufacturer lists the couple as wettable, the CAS reference classes it as one to avoid for the stress on the ceramic. Both statements are true and bear on two different criteria.", "sources": [ "S-WESGO-PALCUSIL15", "S-CAS-VAC" ], "statut": "candidate" }, { "id": "alumina--titanium--metallise", "A": "alumina", "B": "titanium-grade-2", "brasure": "ag-cu-72-28", "atmosphere": "vacuum", "preparation": "Mo-Mn then Ni plating", "role": "sealing", "mouillage": "yes", "preuve_usage": "titanium-alumina-copper assembly (figure 7 of the source)", "sources": [ "S-CAS-VAC" ], "statut": "candidate" }, { "id": "sapphire--ti6al4v--agcuti", "A": "sapphire", "B": "titanium (Ti6Al4V, off the list of 19)", "hors_liste": true, "brasure": null, "brasure_texte": "Ag-Cu-Ti structured foil, liquidus 790 C", "atmosphere": "vacuum", "preparation": "none", "T_brasage_C": null, "T_prise_C": 790, "T_prise_C_source": "S-AGCUTI-TC4", "T_prise_C_motif": "no catalog filler is identified for this pairing, so the set temperature is not a filler solidus. It is the liquidus of the Ag-Cu-Ti structured foil, published by the pairing source itself.", "role": "sealing", "mouillage": "yes, Ti3(Cu,Al)3O reaction layer of about 1.3 um", "tenue": "mean shear 132.2 MPa, failure starting in the joint then crossing the reaction layer and the sapphire", "sources": [ "S-AGCUTI-TC4" ], "statut": "candidate", "valeurs_mecaniques": [ { "grandeur": "shear", "valeur": 132.2, "unite": "MPa", "methode": "mean shear", "conditions": "failure starting in the joint then crossing the reaction layer and the sapphire", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-AGCUTI-TC4" } ] }, { "id": "sapphire--metal-hublot--ag-cu-in-ti", "A": "sapphire", "B": "kovar", "B_note": "the corpus called this side viewport metal, not specified. The source names it: the sapphire window sits on a ring made of Kovar, then a copper compensation ring, then a stainless steel type 1.4841 flange. The Kovar ring is the member in contact with the window and the one this pairing reads.", "brasure": "ag-cu-in-ti-incusil-aba", "atmosphere": "vacuum furnace, oxygen-free", "preparation": "none", "role": "sealing", "mouillage": "yes, active titanium", "preuve_usage": "high-pressure, high-temperature optical viewport", "sources": [ "S-SAPPHIRE-VIEWPORT" ], "statut": "candidate" }, { "id": "ceramique-metallisee--cu-ni-kovar--incusil", "A": "alumina", "B": "copper-ofe | nickel-200 | kovar", "brasure": "ag-cu-in-incusil-15", "atmosphere": "vacuum", "preparation": "Mo-Mn then Ni plating", "T_brasage_C": null, "role": "sealing", "mouillage": "yes per the manufacturer", "preuve_usage": "hermetic windows, step-brazed under Cusil", "sources": [ "S-WESGO-INCUSIL15" ], "statut": "candidate" }, { "id": "graphite-diamond-carbures--metaux--ticusil", "A": "graphite | diamond | sic | aln", "B": "copper-ofe | kovar | nickel-200 | stainless-316l | titanium-grade-2 | refractories", "hors_liste": true, "brasure": "ag-cu-ti-ticusil", "atmosphere": "vacuum 1e-5 mm Hg or inert gas", "preparation": "none", "role": "structural or sealing", "mouillage": "yes per the manufacturer: oxides, nitrides, carbides, graphite, diamond", "tenue": "not sourced per couple", "sources": [ "S-WESGO-TICUSIL" ], "provenance": "general manufacturer claim, no per-couple test read this pass", "statut": "candidate" }, { "id": "stainless-316ln--niobium--cu-pur", "A": "stainless-316l (316LN)", "B": "niobium", "brasure": "cu-pur-bcu-1", "atmosphere": "vacuum", "preparation": "none mentioned", "role": "sealing", "mouillage": "yes", "tenue": "joint characterized in cross-section after a test campaign, chemical polishing removes 300 um of filler per side in the extreme case, polymer protection adopted", "preuve_usage": "SRF cavities, stainless flange transitions on niobium", "sources": [ "S-LINAC2014-THPP039" ], "statut": "candidate" }, { "id": "copper-ofe--copper-ofe--vide", "A": "copper-ofe", "B": "copper-ofe", "brasure": null, "brasure_texte": "not stated in the abstract", "atmosphere": "vacuum preferred over H2", "preparation": "OFE C10100, ASTM grain size 4 minimum", "role": "sealing", "thermomecanique": null, "atmosphere_motif": "under H2 above 700 C the dispersed copper oxides react and create pressurized steam inside the metal", "preuve_usage": "RF structures, LIBO", "sources": [ "S-LIBO", "S-CAS-MAT" ], "statut": "candidate" }, { "id": "stainless--copper-ofe--manchon", "A": "stainless-316l", "B": "copper-ofe", "brasure": null, "brasure_texte": "not stated in the abstract", "atmosphere": "vacuum", "preparation": null, "role": "structural, then EB-welded", "preuve_usage": "copper sleeve vacuum-brazed on the stainless junction then electron-beam welded to the tube", "sources": [ "S-CAS-BRAZE" ], "statut": "candidate" }, { "id": "kovar--copper-ofe--ag-cu", "A": "kovar", "B": "copper-ofe", "brasure": "ag-cu-72-28", "brasures_alt": [ "au-ni-82-18", "ag-cu-pd-palcusil-15" ], "atmosphere": "vacuum, H2 or inert gas", "preparation": "not stated by the manufacturer", "role": "structural or sealing", "mouillage": "yes per the manufacturer (Kovar and copper listed)", "tenue": "not sourced", "sources": [ "S-WESGO-CUSIL", "S-WESGO-NIORO", "S-WESGO-PALCUSIL15" ], "provenance": "manufacturer only, no lab report read this pass", "statut": "candidate" }, { "id": "kovar--stainless--au-ni", "A": "kovar", "B": "stainless-316l", "brasure": "au-ni-82-18", "brasures_alt": [ "ag-cu-pd-palcusil-15" ], "atmosphere": "vacuum, H2 or inert gas", "preparation": "not stated", "role": "sealing", "mouillage": "yes per the manufacturer", "preuve_usage": "vacuum tubes, klystrons (applications listed by the manufacturer)", "sources": [ "S-WESGO-NIORO", "S-WESGO-PALCUSIL15" ], "statut": "candidate" }, { "id": "nickel--refractaires--palco", "A": "nickel-200", "B": "molybdenum | tungsten | tantalum | niobium", "brasure": "pd-co-palco", "atmosphere": "not stated on the datasheet", "preparation": null, "role": "structural", "mouillage": "yes per the manufacturer, low penetration into the substrate", "sources": [ "S-WESGO-PALCO" ], "statut": "candidate" }, { "id": "tungsten--cucrzr--cu-tih2-ni", "A": "tungsten", "B": "CuCrZr (off-list copper alloy)", "hors_liste": true, "brasure": "cu-tih2-ni", "atmosphere": "vacuum", "preparation": "copper interlayer", "T_brasage_C": 930, "role": "structural, high heat load", "thermomecanique": "the soft Cu interlayer relaxes the residual stress, the maximum stress sits at the W/filler interface in simulation", "tenue": "strength improved with the interlayer, interlayer thickness halved by dissolution", "sources": [ "S-SD-WCUCRZR-CUTIH2NI" ], "statut": "candidate" }, { "id": "tungsten--copper--au-cu", "A": "tungsten", "B": "copper-ofe", "brasure": null, "brasure_texte": "eutectic Au-Cu (and, per the review: Cu-Mn, Au-Cu-Fe, NiCuMn-37, Cu-22TiH2, amorphous Ti-Zr)", "atmosphere": "vacuum", "preparation": null, "role": "structural", "thermomecanique": "residual stress on cooldown from the W/Cu expansion gap", "sources": [ "S-SD-WCU-AUCU" ], "statut": "candidate" }, { "id": "tungsten--cu-ofe--cucrzr--diffusion", "A": "tungsten", "B": "copper-ofe then CuCrZr", "hors_liste": true, "brasure": null, "brasure_texte": "none: OFE copper cast into the monoblock then HIP or HRP", "atmosphere": "HIP", "preparation": "OFE copper interlayer", "role": "structural, divertor", "note": "diffusion joining, outside brazing. Kept here because it is the ITER industrial reference for the W/Cu couple.", "sources": [ "S-SD-ITER-MONOBLOCK", "S-SD-DEMO-HRP" ], "statut": "candidate" }, { "id": "aluminum-6061--aluminum-6061--balsi", "A": "aluminum-6061", "B": "aluminum-6061", "brasure": "al-si-balsi-2", "atmosphere": "vacuum furnace", "preparation": null, "role": "structural", "fenetre_brasage_C": [ 599, 621 ], "jeu_um": [ 0, 50.8 ], "sources": [ "S-STROPPA", "S-ASM-6061", "S-PI-AL4343" ], "provenance": "AWS range only, no test read", "statut": "candidate", "contradictions": [ { "sujet": "the brazing cycle against the solidus of the base metal", "valeurs": [ { "valeur": [ 617, 672 ], "unite": "°C", "source": "S-PI-AL4343", "portee": "brazing range recommended by the filler manufacturer" }, { "valeur": [ 599, 621 ], "unite": "°C", "source": "S-STROPPA", "portee": "brazing range of the AWS classification for the same filler" }, { "valeur": 582, "unite": "°C", "source": "S-ASM-6061", "portee": "solidus of the base metal aluminum 6061, Aluminum Association typical value" } ], "note": "Both published brazing ranges sit above the solidus of the base metal, by 17 to 90 C. The corpus keeps the pair and derives no number for it." } ] }, { "id": "schott-8250--kovar--scellement-verre", "A": "schott-8250", "B": "kovar", "brasure": null, "brasure_texte": "none, glass-to-metal seal", "atmosphere": "per the glass-sealing process", "preparation": "pre-oxidation of the Kovar", "role": "sealing", "note": "outside brazing. The glass maker lists 8250, 8245 and 8800R for direct sealing on Kovar, and 8250 also on molybdenum and tungsten.", "sources": [ "S-SCHOTT-8250" ], "statut": "candidate" }, { "id": "beryllium--beryllium--joint-longitudinal", "A": "beryllium", "B": "beryllium", "espece": "application", "cas": "V2-15", "cas_objet": "beryllium vacuum chamber of the Mark II detector at PEP, longitudinal seam of the sheet rolled into a tube", "brasure": null, "brasure_texte": "aluminium alloy 1100 strip, with 1100 wire laid on both sides to enlarge the fillets. No catalog filler of this corpus covers it.", "atmosphere": null, "atmosphere_motif": "the report does not state the furnace atmosphere for the braze cycle itself", "preparation": "beryllium sheet hot-rolled to 1.5 mm then chemically etched to 1.4 mm to remove the damaged surface crystals that start cracks", "role": "sealing", "tenue": "third chamber built after two earlier ones leaked at the beryllium rings, one of them helium-tight on its first test and leaking months later in storage. Full radiography of every brazed joint was made a requirement for this one.", "note": "the other joint of the same assembly, beryllium against the transition ring, is NOT entered here: the report names that ring only as an aluminium alloy, and the corpus keys aluminium as 6061.", "sources": [ "S-SLAC-BE-CHAMBER" ], "statut": "candidate" }, { "id": "molybdenum--cucrzr--limiteur", "A": "molybdenum (TZM)", "B": "CuCrZr (off-list copper alloy)", "hors_liste": true, "espece": "application", "cas": "V2-24", "cas_objet": "titanium-zirconium-molybdenum limiter brazed onto a copper cooling structure, MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center", "brasure": null, "brasures_alt": [ "ag-cu-ti-cusil-aba", "ag-cu-ti-ticusil", "ag-cu-72-28" ], "brasure_texte": "the source compares Cusil-ABA, Palcusil-25, Ticusil, 50Au-50Cu and CuSil. Palcusil-25 and 50Au-50Cu are not in this catalog, so three of the five are carried as identifiers and the other two only here.", "atmosphere": "furnace, brazing temperature 720 to 880 C depending on the silver alloy", "role": "structural", "thermomecanique": "silver diffuses along grain boundaries above 880 C, which is why the source reaches for 50Au-50Cu on the GRCop-84 side", "note": "for a power fusion reactor the source rules OUT silver-bearing fillers, because silver activates under neutron irradiation into 110mAg and 108mAg. It names TiCuNi60, Nicuman37, Cu-ABA and Tini67 as silver-free replacements. Three of the identifiers carried here are silver-bearing and the reader is meant to see that reservation.", "sources": [ "S-MIT-TZM-LIMITER" ], "statut": "candidate" }, { "id": "molybdenum--copper-ofe--limiteur", "A": "molybdenum (TZM)", "B": "copper-ofe", "espece": "application", "cas": "V2-24", "cas_objet": "titanium-zirconium-molybdenum limiter brazed onto OFC copper, UNS C10100, MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center", "brasure": null, "brasures_alt": [ "ag-cu-ti-cusil-aba", "ag-cu-ti-ticusil", "ag-cu-72-28" ], "brasure_texte": "same five alloys as the CuCrZr side of the same study: Cusil-ABA, Palcusil-25, Ticusil, 50Au-50Cu and CuSil. Two of the five are not in this catalog.", "atmosphere": "furnace, brazing temperature 720 to 880 C depending on the silver alloy", "role": "structural", "B_note": "the source writes this side as ETP/OFC copper and gives UNS C10100, which is oxygen-free. The ETP wording is kept here because the same source reports hydrogen embrittlement of ETP copper, and that failure belongs to the other grade.", "tenue": "hydrogen embrittlement of ETP copper observed when brazing with silver alloys bearing Zn, Cd or Pd between 720 and 830 C: hydrogen reduces the intergranular oxides and the steam cracks the grain boundaries", "sources": [ "S-MIT-TZM-LIMITER" ], "statut": "candidate" }, { "id": "beryllium--cucrzr--tuiles", "A": "beryllium", "B": "CuCrZr (off-list copper alloy)", "hors_liste": true, "espece": "application", "cas": "V2-30", "cas_objet": "beryllium saddle-block tiles brazed onto CuCrZr cooling tubes, neutron converter of the SPES BNCT source", "brasure": null, "brasure_texte": "the source does not name the filler. It states only that the joint was made under electron-beam heating at the Tsefey test facility of the Efremov Institute.", "atmosphere": null, "atmosphere_motif": "not given by the source. Electron-beam heating usually implies vacuum, and the paper gives no pressure.", "role": "structural", "tenue": "mock-up tested at 5 and 7 MW/m2 for 2000 cycles with no damage found on the beryllium surface, metallography on 8 samples showing a uniform braze layer, computed life 550 cycles at a safety factor of 10 against the 240 required", "note": "the source records that brazing a beryllium layer onto bulk copper is proven ITER technology but gives too much gamma contamination at this irradiation port, and that beryllium-aluminium filler alloys are being developed to replace it.", "sources": [ "S-SPES-BNCT" ], "statut": "candidate" }, { "id": "molybdenum--kovar--anode-tournante", "A": "molybdenum (TZM)", "B": "kovar", "espece": "application", "cas": "V2-40", "cas_objet": "stud and hub assembly of a rotating X-ray tube anode, the helical preform sitting in the cavity of the Kovar nut", "brasure": "cu-pd-ni-50-40-10", "atmosphere": "vacuum", "preparation": "washer preform between stud and hub, helical preform in the cavity of the nut", "role": "structural", "tenue": "joint free of dispersed intermetallic phases, no separation and no cracking, target of up to 5 pounds turning at 10000 rpm with the joint running to 1000 C", "note": "the patent rejects the earlier gold, silver and copper alloys by name, for poor wetting and flow, low ductility cracking on cooldown, brittle intermetallics, and liquidus temperatures not far above 1000 C.", "sources": [ "S-GE-XRAY-ANODE" ], "statut": "candidate", "brasure_note": "the liquidus the patent gives is a RANGE, 1145 to 1200 C, and not a single number. It is carried on the filler in fusion_C, which is a string, and no set temperature is derived from it, so this pair still chiffre no expansion gap. Filler wired at lot FILLERS-2." }, { "id": "copper-ofe--stainless-316l--pwt-linac", "A": "copper-ofe", "B": "stainless-316l", "espece": "application", "cas": "R1-01", "cas_objet": "twelve-cell Plane Wave Transformer linac structure, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore: twelve discs on four support and cooling tubes, the vacuum tank and its RF port, 101 brazed joints made in a single cycle", "brasure": "ag-cu-72-28", "brasure_note": "the source writes eutectic Copper-Silver (72-28) and names it Cusil BVAg-8 elsewhere in the same paper, which is the composition this catalog carries under this identifier.", "atmosphere": "vacuum furnace at 5e-5 mbar", "fenetre_brasage_C": [ 830, 860 ], "preparation": "every brazed stainless surface is copper-electroplated before the brazing cycle", "role": "sealing", "mouillage": "yes", "tenue": "helium leak tight at a leak rate of 5e-10 mbar l/s or better, and the structure operates below 1e-7 mbar at an accelerating gradient of 20 MV/m or more", "note": "the source gives 830 to 860 C as the range used for the stainless-copper and copper-copper joints of this laboratory, not as a single set point for this component, so no brazing temperature is derived from it. The discs are Class I Oxygen-free Electronic (OFE) Grade Copper and the tubes and tank AISI Stainless Steel 316L, both grades printed.", "sources": [ "S-RRCAT-VACUUM-BRAZING" ], "statut": "candidate" }, { "id": "copper-ofe--stainless-316l--lhcd-waveguide", "A": "copper-ofe", "B": "stainless-316l", "espece": "application", "cas": "R1-05", "cas_objet": "eight WR159 waveguide runs of the DIII-D lower hybrid current drive high-field-side launcher, each machined from a single bent section with a rectangular vacuum-RF flange at each end, installed in 2025", "brasure": "ag-cu-72-28", "brasure_note": "the source names BAg-8 and gives 72Ag-28Cu. It prints its reason for the choice: prior success using this alloy for joining OFHC copper and 304L stainless steel in waveguide applications, high strength, and good vacuum compatibility due to the lack of high vapour pressure constituents.", "atmosphere": "torch brazing with Stay-Silv white paste flux", "role": "sealing", "mouillage": "yes, only minor porosity defects leading to less than 5 percent reduction in total wetted area on cross-section", "tenue": "after extreme deformation of the brazed assembly in multiple loading directions, representative of all possible loading scenarios, the joints did not develop vacuum leaks and showed no visible damage even under microscopic cross-sectional inspection. Eight assemblies installed at DIII-D in 2025.", "B_note": "the source writes 304L stainless steel. The Matter card of this key is titled Austenitic stainless 304L / 316L / 316LN ESR, so 304L is one of the grades it names, and the guide is not read here as being about 316L.", "note": "the copper side is printed as oxygen free high conductivity copper. The same paper carries the vacuum-brazed bellows sub-assemblies of the same system, which are NOT entered: it gives no grade for their machined flanges.", "sources": [ "S-DIIID-LHCD-WAVEGUIDE" ], "statut": "candidate" }, { "id": "alumina--niobium--sandia-nbcu", "A": "alumina", "B": "niobium", "espece": "application", "cas": "R2-10", "cas_objet": "ASTM F19 tensile buttons simulating the braze geometry of a sealed component, Sandia National Laboratories: 94 and 96 percent alumina active-brazed to an explosively bonded niobium-copper interlayer 0.5 mm thick", "brasure": "au-cu-ti-ni-35-62-2-1", "atmosphere": "high vacuum, below 1.3e-3 Pa at brazing temperature", "preparation": "15 C/min to 975 C with a 10 minute soak, then 10 C/min to the peak temperature and its soak, then 25 C/min back to 975 C and 15 C/min to ambient", "role": "sealing", "tenue": "pass criterion a helium leak rate of 5e-12 atm cc/s or lower on a Pfeiffer HLT-550, six specimens per condition. On 94 percent alumina, 3 of 6 pass at 1030 C for 2 minutes with a mean tensile strength of 32.6 plus or minus 24.5 MPa, and 0 of 6 at 1025 C for 1 minute at 18.7 plus or minus 9.8 MPa. On 96 percent alumina, 4 of 6 pass at 1030 C for 2 minutes at 28.2 plus or minus 18.7 MPa, and 2 of 6 at 1025 C for 1 minute at 27.6 plus or minus 10.4 MPa. A metallized 95 percent alumina control passes 6 of 6 at 1055 C for 1 minute at 61.7 plus or minus 20.8 MPa.", "echec": "the niobium-copper interlayer warps during the heating portion of the thermal cycle rather than during the cooling portion, leaving large unwetted areas, and it stays warped after return to ambient instead of behaving as the bimetal strip one would expect. Individual components vary from 0.028 to 0.037 mm in flatness while the interlayers, about twice as large, warp by 0.2 mm. Mean strengths fall below the usual values with 30 to 50 percent deviations on the mean, and the hermeticity results are poor. The printed remedy is preload: the 100 g preload failed to seal the brazement, however the 200 g, 300 g and 400 g preloads hermetically sealed the samples, that is 87 to 348 g per square centimetre against a nominal 16.5.", "B_note": "the copper of the explosively bonded interlayer is NOT entered as a member of this corpus: the source writes copper without a grade, and this corpus keys copper as oxygen-free. The niobium and the copper of the interlayer carry no UNS number and no RRR.", "note": "the same source records the failure of the initial approach, brazing the copper layers onto the niobium at the same time as the niobium onto the alumina: it resulted in excessive dissolution of the copper contact surfaces into the liquid braze filler metal, which already carries 62 percent copper. That statement qualifies a filler this catalog does not carry, so it is not written as a compatibility entry.", "sources": [ "S-SANDIA-NBCU-ALUMINA" ], "statut": "candidate", "brasure_note": "a commercially available gold-based active brazing filler metal of the composition 35Au-62Cu-2Ti-1Ni by weight, solidus 1015 C and liquidus 1026 C. All four figures entered the catalog at lot FILLERS-1, under the identifier this pairing now names. The set temperature of 1015 C DOES derive from that solidus, and the expansion gap still does not compute: at 1015 C the alumina curve falls in the junction between two of its segments, 1000 and 1026.85 C, and the niobium table stops at 1000 C. The engine prints both motifs and extrapolates neither.", "valeurs_mecaniques": [ { "grandeur": "tensile", "valeur": "32.6 plus or minus 24.5", "unite": "MPa", "conditions": "94 percent alumina, 1030 C for 2 minutes, 3 of 6 specimens hermetic", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-SANDIA-NBCU-ALUMINA" }, { "grandeur": "tensile", "valeur": "18.7 plus or minus 9.8", "unite": "MPa", "conditions": "94 percent alumina, 1025 C for 1 minute, 0 of 6 specimens hermetic", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-SANDIA-NBCU-ALUMINA" }, { "grandeur": "tensile", "valeur": "28.2 plus or minus 18.7", "unite": "MPa", "conditions": "96 percent alumina, 1030 C for 2 minutes, 4 of 6 specimens hermetic", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-SANDIA-NBCU-ALUMINA" }, { "grandeur": "tensile", "valeur": "27.6 plus or minus 10.4", "unite": "MPa", "conditions": "96 percent alumina, 1025 C for 1 minute, 2 of 6 specimens hermetic", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-SANDIA-NBCU-ALUMINA" }, { "grandeur": "tensile", "valeur": "61.7 plus or minus 20.8", "unite": "MPa", "conditions": "the metallized 95 percent alumina control, 1055 C for 1 minute, 6 of 6 specimens hermetic", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-SANDIA-NBCU-ALUMINA" } ] }, { "id": "copper-ofe--stainless-316l--aps-upgrade", "A": "copper-ofe", "B": "stainless-316l", "espece": "application", "cas": "R2-14", "cas_objet": "vacuum chamber test coupon for the Multi Bend Achromat ring of the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade, carrying a stainless CF flange vacuum-brazed to the OFE copper chamber", "brasure": null, "brasure_texte": "a gold brazing alloy. The source names no composition and no AWS class, so no identifier of this catalog is attached.", "atmosphere": "vacuum brazing", "role": "sealing", "mouillage": "both metals are well wet and fused by the gold braze alloy, and the excess braze both inside and outside of the joint has a clean well-formed meniscus without voids", "tenue": "the result is metallurgical. Considerable grain growth in the copper, which microhardness testing confirms fully annealed from its worked condition. NO leak rate is printed for this coupon.", "B_note": "the source prints both UNS designations: OFE copper UNS C10100 and 316L stainless steel UNS S31603.", "note": "the source names a design defect of the coupon and it belongs with the pairing: the joint design, specifically the chamfer on the OFE copper, creates an unintended trapped volume and potential virtual leak in the component. That is a defect of geometry, not of the braze, which is why it is not recorded as a failure.", "sources": [ "S-MEDSI2016-TUPE25" ], "statut": "candidate" }, { "id": "alumina--graphite--ticusil-mdc", "A": "alumina", "B": "graphite", "espece": "application", "cas": "R2B-16", "cas_objet": "multistage depressed collector of a traveling-wave tube, NASA Lewis Research Center: isotropic graphite electrodes joined to alumina insulators", "brasure": "ag-cu-ti-ticusil", "brasure_note": "the source writes Ticusil as 68 percent silver, 27 percent copper and 5 percent titanium, and states that as used it was not an alloy but a laminated sheet with a pure titanium foil sandwiched in the centre, which stays ductile because full alloying does not take place at the low, short-duration brazing temperature.", "atmosphere": "vacuum furnace", "T_brasage_C": 900, "preparation": "the Ticusil foil placed in direct contact with the graphite surface on a tapered joint interface, with a slight pressure applied at the interface during brazing to obtain a void-free joint. On this joint the alumina is UNMETALLIZED.", "role": "structural", "mouillage": "yes, active titanium. The same page states that most conventional braze alloys will not wet either graphite or alumina, and that brazes containing active-metal constituents such as titanium, zirconium, chromium and tantalum, which form strong carbides, will wet graphites.", "tenue": "collectors built and operated on traveling-wave tubes with measured collector efficiency. A tensile fixture on the Ticusil interface joining pyrolytic graphite to copper gives a joint stronger than the bulk material, the failure occurring at one sixth of the rated value of pyrolytic graphite.", "note": "the pyrolytic graphite modules of the same collector take three braze operations, a copper braze between the metal sheath and the metallized alumina, then a gold-nickel braze of 82 percent gold and 18 percent nickel, then the Ticusil braze of graphite to the copper transition part. It is the ISOTROPIC graphite module, two operations, whose second joins graphite to the unmetallized alumina, and that is the joint this pairing records.", "sources": [ "S-NASA-TP2693" ], "statut": "candidate" }, { "id": "alumina--graphite--cuivre-mdc", "A": "alumina", "B": "graphite", "espece": "application", "cas": "R2B-17", "cas_objet": "multistage depressed collector of a 500-W continuous-wave 4.8 to 9.6 GHz traveling-wave tube, NASA Lewis Research Center: graphite electrodes brazed to alumina insulators", "brasure": "cu-pur-bcu-1", "brasure_note": "the source writes copper, selected for its ductility and its compatibility with the commonly available hydrogen atmosphere brazing furnaces. It names no AWS class, the identifier attached here is the pure-copper entry of this catalog.", "atmosphere": "hydrogen atmosphere furnace", "preparation": "the graphite is metallized with a molybdenum, manganese and silica powder slurry brush-painted, dried and fired at 1600 C in dry hydrogen to form carbides with the graphite, the alumina ring is metallized on both its inner and outer circumferential surfaces, a thin copper coating overlaid on the graphite serves as the filler and protects the metallization from oxidation. Both brazes, Kovar to alumina and alumina to graphite, are made in a single operation.", "role": "structural", "tenue": "three TWT-MDC assemblies baked out at 500 C for 72, 50 and 55 hours in the production-line facility and processed in sequence, average estimated collector efficiency 83.6 percent.", "note": "this is the SAME team and the same couple as R2B-16, joined by an incompatible route. The source states the change explicitly: replace the silver-base, active-metal braze filler alloy (Ticusil) with copper, make all brazing and heat-treating operations compatible with hydrogen atmosphere furnaces, and simplify production by eliminating multiple braze operations. Both pairings are carried, because both objects were built. The corpus records facts, and it does not choose between two teams that both succeeded.", "sources": [ "S-NASA-TP2904" ], "statut": "candidate" }, { "id": "alumina--kovar--nicusil-3", "A": "alumina", "B": "kovar", "espece": "application", "cas": "R2B-20", "cas_objet": "MC 2935 Kovar header assembly and its pin, The Bendix Corporation, Kansas City Division: a metallized alumina insulator brazed to a Kovar pin and header to form a vacuum-tight electrical feedthrough", "brasure": "ag-cu-ni-nicusil-3", "atmosphere": "dry hydrogen", "preparation": "molybdenum-manganese metallization fired in wet hydrogen, then nickel plating, electrolytic from a nickel-chloride solution or electroless nickel-boron, the two compared with no difference in tensile strength attributable to either, brazing cycle of 10 minutes at 55 C above the liquidus, the parts placed into a preheated furnace and cooled in a water-cooled hydrogen-purged chamber", "role": "sealing", "mouillage": "yes, after nickel plating over the metallization", "tenue": "the twenty specimens metallized at Sandia Albuquerque and the first five metallized at Wesco leak check better than 666 microPa, that is 5e-6 torr, and tensile test at an average strength of 75.8 MPa, 10 971 psi, per ASTM-F-19. The Kovar header assembly brazed with Nicusil 3 formed a vacuum leak tight electrical feedthrough.", "echec": "one group of five Wesco specimens, electroless nickel-boron plated and brazed with Nicusil 3, produced three leakers. The printed cause is a carbonaceous residue, probably from insufficient cleaning and reduced to carbon by the hydrogen atmosphere during the brazing cycle, and the samples with the most discoloration are the ones that leaked. The group 6 specimen broke at 25.9 MPa, 3777 psi. The higher-temperature alloys of the same comparison, Palcusil 10, Nicoro 80 and 80Au-20Cu, had gross vacuum leaks and lower tensile strength, and metallurgical examination attributes that to braze alloy penetration into the ceramic metallization layer caused by holding 10 minutes at 55 C above their liquidus.", "B_note": "the source gives Kovar as 29Ni-17Co-53Fe of Carpenter Technology Corporation, and states its coefficient of expansion as 10.4 against 8.28 for the alumina, which is why it is the standard metal for alumina-to-metal seals.", "sources": [ "S-BENDIX-BDX613-1683" ], "statut": "candidate", "brasure_note": "the source writes Nicusil 3 of the Western Gold and Platinum Company, 71Ag-28Cu-1.0Ni, liquidus 795 C, and states that twelve alloys were evaluated and this one was found to have good wetting characteristics and optimum strength. The composition and the liquidus entered the catalog at lot FILLERS-1, under the identifier this pairing now names. NO SOLIDUS is printed by the report, for this alloy or for any of the twelve, so no set temperature derives and no expansion gap is computed on this line.", "valeurs_mecaniques": [ { "grandeur": "tensile", "valeur": 75.8, "unite": "MPa", "valeur_aussi": "10 971", "unite_aussi": "psi", "methode": "tensile test per ASTM-F-19", "conditions": "average of the twenty specimens metallized at Sandia Albuquerque and the first five metallized at Wesco", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-BENDIX-BDX613-1683" }, { "grandeur": "tensile", "valeur": 25.9, "unite": "MPa", "valeur_aussi": 3777, "unite_aussi": "psi", "methode": "tensile test per ASTM-F-19", "conditions": "the group 6 specimen, which broke at this value", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-BENDIX-BDX613-1683" } ] }, { "id": "alumina--kovar--sandia-2007", "A": "alumina", "B": "kovar", "espece": "application", "cas": "R2B-21", "cas_objet": "ASTM F19 tensile buttons of 94 percent alumina with Fe-29Ni-17Co interlayers, Sandia National Laboratories, brazed by three methods compared side by side: molybdenum-manganese metallization with nickel plate, thin-film PVD metallization, and active filler metal brazing", "brasure": "ag-cu-72-28", "brasures_alt": [ "au-cu-35-65", "ag-cu-in-ti-incusil-aba", "ag-cu-ti-cusil-aba", "ag-cu-zr-97-1-2", "au-cu-ti-ni-35-62-2-1" ], "brasure_note": "the source tests more alloys than this catalog carried before lot FILLERS-1. SIX now resolve to identifiers: 72Ag-28Cu, 65Cu/35Au, 59.00Ag-27.25Cu-12.5In-1.25Ti, 63.00Ag-35.25Cu-1.75Ti, and, since that lot, 97Ag-1Cu-2Zr and 62Cu-35Au-2Ti-1Ni. The first of those two gives the highest strength of the whole study, 21.3 plus or minus 0.2 ksi in a 2 torr argon partial pressure. Two alloys of the same tables stay in prose and are not derived, 50Au/50Cu and 77Au-13Ag-10Ge, because no identifier of this catalog carries them. NOTE ON THE SHARED KEYS: this pairing shares 72Ag-28Cu with the NOvA kicker pairing of the same couple and 97Ag-1Cu-2Zr with the ALD run-out pairing. The route engine serves on each line the pairing that entered the corpus first, and the answer at the top of the page serves them all. Refusal 28 of the gate names both collisions.", "atmosphere": "dry hydrogen on the metallized and thin-film routes, vacuum or partial-pressure argon on the active route", "preparation": "for the metallized route, a coating of molybdenum, sometimes tungsten, and manganese particles mixed with silicates and glass additives, fired in wet hydrogen at 1450 to 1600 C to leave a glassy metallic coating 300 to 500 micro-inches thick, then plated with 0.001 to 0.003 inch of nickel sinter-fired at 850 to 950 C in hydrogen. For the thin-film route, a PVD titanium layer 0.05 to 0.25 micrometres thick under a noble over-layer of gold, platinum or palladium 0.25 to 1.0 micrometres thick.", "role": "sealing", "tenue": "hermeticity data on the whole study, helium leak rates below 2e-9 atm cc/s. Metallized route, tensile strength on ASTM F19 buttons at a crosshead speed of 8.38e-3 mm/s: 50Au/50Cu at 1000 C for 3 minutes gives 17.1 plus or minus 1.8 ksi, 65Cu/35Au at 1040 C for 3 minutes gives 14.5 ksi, 72Ag-28Cu at 810 C for 3 minutes gives 14.3 ksi. Thin-film route, 11.8 to 16.1 ksi. Active route, 11 to 21.3 ksi, the highest being 97Ag-1Cu-2Zr at 963 C in 2 torr argon.", "B_note": "the source writes the metal member as Fe-29Ni-17Co throughout, which is the composition of Kovar and the one the Bendix report of this corpus prints as 29Ni-17Co-53Fe.", "sources": [ "S-SAND2007-7637C" ], "statut": "candidate", "valeurs_mecaniques": [ { "grandeur": "tensile", "valeur": "17.1 plus or minus 1.8", "unite": "ksi", "methode": "tensile on ASTM F19 buttons at a crosshead speed of 8.38e-3 mm/s", "conditions": "metallized route, 50Au/50Cu at 1000 C for 3 minutes", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-SAND2007-7637C" }, { "grandeur": "tensile", "valeur": 14.5, "unite": "ksi", "methode": "tensile on ASTM F19 buttons at a crosshead speed of 8.38e-3 mm/s", "conditions": "metallized route, 65Cu/35Au at 1040 C for 3 minutes", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-SAND2007-7637C" }, { "grandeur": "tensile", "valeur": 14.3, "unite": "ksi", "methode": "tensile on ASTM F19 buttons at a crosshead speed of 8.38e-3 mm/s", "conditions": "metallized route, 72Ag-28Cu at 810 C for 3 minutes", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-SAND2007-7637C" }, { "grandeur": "tensile", "valeur": "11.8 to 16.1", "unite": "ksi", "methode": "tensile on ASTM F19 buttons at a crosshead speed of 8.38e-3 mm/s", "conditions": "thin-film route, the range across the alloys of that route", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-SAND2007-7637C" }, { "grandeur": "tensile", "valeur": "11 to 21.3", "unite": "ksi", "methode": "tensile on ASTM F19 buttons at a crosshead speed of 8.38e-3 mm/s", "conditions": "active route, the range across the alloys of that route, the highest being 97Ag-1Cu-2Zr at 963 C in 2 torr argon", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-SAND2007-7637C" } ] }, { "id": "alumina--niobium--sandia-2007-direct", "A": "alumina", "B": "niobium", "espece": "application", "cas": "R2B-22", "cas_objet": "ASTM F19 tensile buttons of 94 percent alumina direct-brazed to niobium with conventional filler metals and no surface modification, Sandia National Laboratories", "brasure": null, "brasure_texte": "three conventional filler metals, 62Cu-35Au-3Ni, 92Au-8Pd and 50Au-50Cu. None of the three is carried by this catalog, and none is substituted.", "atmosphere": "vacuum", "role": "sealing", "mouillage": "yes, without metallization and without an active filler. The source states the mechanism: specific metal substrate and braze filler metals interact to form an adherent metallic oxide layer on an oxide ceramic material, and this example shows how niobium provides the active element to react with alumina ceramic.", "tenue": "62Cu-35Au-3Ni at 1058 C for 3 minutes gives 8.8 plus or minus 1.0 ksi, 92Au-8Pd at 1270 C for 4 minutes gives 12.8 plus or minus 1.8 ksi, 50Au-50Cu at 1000 C for 3 minutes gives 8.8 plus or minus 0.8 ksi.", "note": "the source prints two requirements for a successful direct braze joint, and the second is the one that sets this route apart: sufficient solubility of the metal member within the liquid braze alloy, and an active element within the METAL member of the brazement rather than in the filler.", "sources": [ "S-SAND2007-7637C" ], "statut": "candidate", "valeurs_mecaniques": [ { "grandeur": "tensile", "valeur": "8.8 plus or minus 1.0", "unite": "ksi", "conditions": "62Cu-35Au-3Ni at 1058 C for 3 minutes", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-SAND2007-7637C" }, { "grandeur": "tensile", "valeur": "12.8 plus or minus 1.8", "unite": "ksi", "conditions": "92Au-8Pd at 1270 C for 4 minutes", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-SAND2007-7637C" }, { "grandeur": "tensile", "valeur": "8.8 plus or minus 0.8", "unite": "ksi", "conditions": "50Au-50Cu at 1000 C for 3 minutes", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-SAND2007-7637C" } ] }, { "id": "alumina--kovar--ald-runout", "A": "alumina", "B": "kovar", "espece": "application", "cas": "R2B-24", "cas_objet": "ASTM F19 tensile buttons and flush-mount cylinder assemblies of alumina ceramic active-brazed to Kovar interlayers, Sandia National Laboratories, testing conformal ALD alumina coatings against braze filler metal run-out", "brasure": "ag-cu-zr-97-1-2", "atmosphere": "oil-free, top-loading, cryogenic-pumped high-vacuum furnace, typical absolute pressures 5e-7 to 1e-6 torr during the peak brazing soak, monitored on a NIST-traceable ionization gauge", "preparation": "alumina cleaned in a three-step solvent process then resintered either in wet hydrogen at a 28 C dew point, 1500 C for 60 minutes, or air-fired at 1575 C for 120 minutes, Kovar pickled in deionized water and hydrochloric acid then bright-dipped in an acetic, nitric and hydrochloric solution, joint preload about 30 g per square centimetre, part of the Kovar carries a conformal ALD alumina coating of 1 to 20 nm. Cycle: 15 C/min to 925 C with a 15 minute soak, 10 C/min to 985 C with a 5 minute soak, 25 C/min back to 925 C, then furnace cool.", "role": "sealing", "tenue": "139 of the 140 brazed tensile buttons are hermetic, and all 12 flush-mount assemblies pass the helium mass spectrometer leak test with no detectable leak. On filler run-out, 210 of 210 brazements carrying an ALD alumina coating of 5 nm or more pass the criterion.", "echec": "with bare Kovar the silver-based active filler runs out of the joint. All 35 tensile button assemblies with bare Kovar interlayers failed the run-out test, 65 of their 70 brazements showing excess filler metal spread or flow, and two of the three flush-mount cylinders brazed to bare Kovar failed the same visual criterion. The source states that the run-out belongs to the COUPLE and not to the filler alone: a previous study it cites reports no excessive filler metal flow when the same Ag-1Cu-2Zr is used to fabricate Kovar-Kovar assemblies or alumina-alumina assemblies.", "sources": [ "S-SANDIA-ALD-RUNOUT" ], "statut": "candidate", "brasure_note": "the source writes a silver-based active braze filler metal, nominally 97Ag-1Cu-2Zr by weight, in 50 micrometre preforms, and the word nominally is its own. The composition entered the catalog at lot FILLERS-1, under the identifier this pairing now names, and it is the first filler of this corpus whose active element is ZIRCONIUM rather than titanium. Neither this document nor the 2007 Sandia comparison prints a solidus or a liquidus, so no set temperature derives and no expansion gap is computed on this line." }, { "id": "niobium--stainless-316l--agcupd", "A": "niobium", "B": "stainless-316l", "espece": "application", "cas": "R2B-27", "cas_objet": "niobium to 316L stainless steel transition joint for the helium jacket of a superconducting radiofrequency cavity", "brasure": "ag-cu-pd-31-5-10", "atmosphere": "vacuum furnace", "role": "sealing", "mouillage": "yes on niobium. Average contact angles from 4 to 36 degrees and average spreading areas from 36 to 143 square millimetres, the area growing and the angle falling with temperature. Ag-31.5Cu-10Pd wets niobium better than Ag-28Cu-20Pd.", "thermomecanique": "the source reports the absence of brittle intermetallic layers at all the joint interfaces, and states that an oxygen-free-copper brazed niobium to stainless steel joint carries a layer of Nb-Fe intermetallic compounds at the Nb/braze interface instead.", "tenue": "the transition joints display shear strengths of 356 to 375 MPa at 300 K and 440 to 457 MPa at 77 K. After ten thermal cycles between room temperature and liquid nitrogen temperature, the transition joints' leak rates are all lower than 1.1e-11 mbar L/s. Specimen shear with Ag-31.5Cu-10Pd is 170 to 183 MPa at 300 K, twice that at 77 K, against 80 to 133 MPa for 63Ag-35.25Cu-1.75Ti in the literature the source cites.", "note": "the same couple already carries a pairing brazed with pure copper, from the CERN and LINAC2014 line of work. This one is a different filler and a different team, and its own text is what says the two differ at the interface.", "sources": [ "S-AMM-NB316L-AGCUPD" ], "statut": "candidate", "brasure_note": "Ag-31.5Cu-10Pd, brazed at 1123 K and 1148 K, with Ag-28Cu-20Pd at 1183 K and 1198 K for comparison. The first entered the catalog at lot FILLERS-1, under the identifier this pairing now names, with the liquidus of 1123 K that the paper prints, carried as 850 C. The second is NOT entered: no pairing reads it and the paper concludes it wets niobium worse. Palcusil 10 of this catalog is 58Ag-32Cu-10Pd, a different composition, and it is not substituted for either. No solidus is printed, so no set temperature derives and no expansion gap is computed on this line.", "valeurs_mecaniques": [ { "grandeur": "shear", "valeur": "356 to 375", "unite": "MPa", "conditions": "the transition joints, at 300 K", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-AMM-NB316L-AGCUPD" }, { "grandeur": "shear", "valeur": "440 to 457", "unite": "MPa", "conditions": "the transition joints, at 77 K", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-AMM-NB316L-AGCUPD" }, { "grandeur": "shear", "valeur": "170 to 183", "unite": "MPa", "conditions": "specimen shear with Ag-31.5Cu-10Pd at 300 K, the source adding that it is twice that at 77 K without printing the second figure", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-AMM-NB316L-AGCUPD" } ] }, { "id": "niobium--titanium", "description": "Nb-Ti transitions of SRF cavities", "statut": "no-data", "motif": "no source read this pass", "source_cible": "LINAC/SRF proceedings, jacow.org" }, { "id": "beo--kovar", "description": "metallized BeO on Kovar", "statut": "no-data", "motif": "no source read this pass", "source_cible": "Materion Thermalox or American Beryllia datasheet" }, { "id": "alumina--molybdenum", "description": "alumina on molybdenum", "statut": "no-data", "motif": "no source read this pass", "source_cible": "Kohl, Rosebury, or a Plansee datasheet" }, { "id": "copper-ofe--stainless--filler", "description": "exact filler of the CERN copper-stainless couple", "statut": "no-data", "motif": "no source read this pass", "source_cible": "S. Mathot, RFQ vacuum brazing at CERN, ou CAS 2024 Vacuum Brazing" }, { "id": "beryllium--copper-ofe", "description": "Be window brazed on copper or stainless", "statut": "no-data", "motif": "no source read this pass", "source_cible": "Materion, brevet fenetre X ou OSTI" }, { "id": "beo--copper-ofe--jlab-fel-window", "A": "beo", "B": "copper-ofe", "espece": "application", "cas": "R3-31", "cas_objet": "rectangular waveguide RF window for the Jefferson Lab Free Electron Laser, a warm replacement window at 1500 MHz aiming above 100 kW average power, built and power-tested at the TJNAF", "brasure": "au-ni-82-18", "brasure_note": "the source names TWO fillers on this joint and only the second is in this catalog. First a Nicoro ribbon brazed at 1050 C under about 15 lb of weight on the fixture, then a nioro wire of 20 mil outside diameter brazed around the outer edge between the BeO and the copper and fired at 970 C. The first is written Nicoro with no composition. This catalog carries au-cu-ni-nicoro-80 under the name Nicoro-80, which is a DIFFERENT Wesgo alloy, and the two are NOT merged on the strength of a bare trade name.", "atmosphere": null, "atmosphere_motif": "not given by the source for this step. The vacuum furnace is printed only for the second step, the copper frame onto the Kovar flange, which is the pair beo--copper-ofe--jlab-fel-window's sibling copper-ofe--kovar--jlab-fel-window.", "preparation": "molymanganese metallization on a quarter-inch band around the surface to be brazed, screen printed and fired at 1450 C, then the metallized area nickel plated and sintered at 1000 C, then light blasting with aluminum oxide particles after the braze", "T_brasage_C": 1050, "role": "sealing", "tenue": "helium leak check 1x10-8 std cc/sec after the BeO to copper braze. On the completed window mounted on a 35 kW klystron, baseline pressure 1.4x10-9 torr rising to 9.4x10-8 torr at 35 kW with no electron current detected. The ceramic goes from 27.7 C at zero power to 70.9 C at 35 kW, a rise of 43.2 C.", "A_note": "the source gives the ceramic as Thermalox 995, an off-the-shelf flat piece 0.100 inches thick from Brush Wellman. The Matter card of this key names the grade BeO 99.5, Thermalox class, so the printed designation is one the key names.", "B_note": "the source writes a thin OFHC copper frame, 0.010 inches thick, added between the beryllia window and the relatively stiff flange for strain relief. OFHC states oxygen-free, which is what this key is about.", "note": "the source attributes an unexplained thermal gradient to the joint itself: the temperature rise between the coolant and the BeO window was much higher than expected from analysis, and this could be from high losses in the braze material and/or poor thermal contact between the coolant line and the flange. The companion PAC99 paper, JLAB-ACC-00-04 and DOE/ER/40150-1676, OSTI 757447, prints the same 35 kW campaign and attributes the gap to high losses in the braze material alone. Both PDFs are page images without a text layer and were read on screen.", "provenance": "lot REPONSE-2, case 31 of CAS-RECOLTE-3.md", "sources": [ "S-JLAB-BEO-WINDOW" ], "statut": "candidate" }, { "id": "copper-ofe--kovar--jlab-fel-window", "A": "copper-ofe", "B": "kovar", "espece": "application", "cas": "R3-32", "cas_objet": "second joint of the same Jefferson Lab FEL waveguide window: the OFHC copper frame carrying the BeO disc, brazed onto the copper-plated Kovar flange that provides the vacuum seal", "brasure": "ag-cu-in-incusil-10", "atmosphere": "vacuum braze oven", "preparation": "mask the copper plated KOVAR and apply a light blasting with aluminum oxide particles to clean the beryllia surface", "T_brasage_C": 750, "role": "sealing", "tenue": "carried by the completed window of the sibling pair: helium leak check 1x10-8 std cc/sec, then 35 kW of CW RF with the vacuum rising from 1.4x10-9 to 9.4x10-8 torr and no electron current detected", "B_note": "the Kovar flange includes a copper plating for high electrical conductivity. The source states the reason for the choice: to match the thermal expansion of beryllia, KOVAR was chosen as the flange material, minimizing thermal stresses in the beryllia during the braze cycle.", "note": "THIS PAIR IS WHY THE COUPLE beo + kovar IS NOT WRITTEN. The Kovar never touches the BeO in this window: the copper frame is between them, and the source says so in as many words, a two step braze process was used, first the copper frame was brazed to the BeO window then the copper frame was brazed to the KOVAR flange. The couple copper-ofe + kovar is already attested by kovar--copper-ofe--ag-cu. This is a second witness, another document and another filler.", "provenance": "lot REPONSE-2, case 32 of CAS-RECOLTE-3.md", "sources": [ "S-JLAB-BEO-WINDOW" ], "statut": "candidate" }, { "id": "beo--niobium--bore-seal-capsule", "A": "beo", "B": "niobium", "espece": "application", "cas": "R3-35", "cas_objet": "four-inch outside diameter by four-inch high bore seal capsule for a space electric power alternator: a 99.8 percent beryllia tube with a 0.1 inch wall thickened to 0.2 inch at the ends to widen the braze land, two beryllia back-up rings, two hemispherical Cb-1Zr end bells hydroformed from 0.015 inch sheet, and a Cb-1Zr fill tube electron-beam welded on", "brasure": "zr-v-nb-60-25-15", "atmosphere": "vacuum brazing furnace, then exposure in an ion-pumped thermal vacuum chamber in the 10-9 torr range", "preparation": "the beryllia was coated with a 1 to 3 micrometre thick layer of molybdenum by the EVAPORATION METALLIZING PROCESS before brazing, the report's own words and its own appendix A, procedure MP-1. The report gives the reason in as many words: it was believed that the wetting characteristics could be improved by metallizing the ceramic with evaporated molybdenum. The retained system is named in the report as the molybdenum-metallized low-silica Thermalox 998 brazed to Cb-1Zr with 60Zr-25V-15Cb.", "role": "sealing", "tenue": "bore seals Nos. 4 and 5 were leak-tight, no leak being detectable at a sensitivity of 10-9 atm-cc/sec. The test suspends the assembly from the top flange so that on evacuation a 15 psi differential pressure exists from the INSIDE to the outside, a direction imposed because the Cb-1Zr end members are too thin to withstand the opposite differential without buckling, and helium is injected INTO the bore seal. The capsule was then loaded with four grams of high purity potassium, sealed under vacuum, exposed for 5000 hours at 1300 F and remained potassium leak-tight throughout. Elevated temperature flexural strength of molybdenum-metallized beryllia to Cb-1Zr modulus-of-rupture assemblies brazed with the same alloy runs 18 900 to 42 300 psi and is nearly constant to 1600 F, and all specimens but one broke IN THE CERAMIC, from which the report concludes the braze joint remains stronger than the ceramic to 1600 F.", "echec": "the two-inch diameter configuration could not be made reliably leak tight, and the leak rate RISES with the number of thermal shock cycles. The source writes: difficulty was encountered in fabricating leak tight (leak rate less than 10-9 torr-liters per second) assemblies in the 2-inch diameter configuration, therefore the change in leak rate was determined before and after thermal shock tests rather than a simple detection of a leak, and the test results indicated an increase in the leak rate with an increasing number of thermal cycles. On reception of the 24 sets of two-inch ceramics, excessive surface porosity and roughness were noted on all parts, dye checking revealed many pores, and cracks were found in 5 tubes and 3 back-up rings, all rejected. The 19 accepted tubes were leak tight.", "A_note": "the source gives the ceramic as Thermalox 998, low-silica 99.8 percent BeO from the Brush Beryllium Company. The vendor analysis gives 75 ppm of silicon on the fired ceramic against 65 ppm on the starting powder, for 50 ppm specified.", "B_note": "the metal member is columbium-1 percent zirconium sheet, Cb-1Zr. Columbium is the older American name for niobium and the report uses both words. Nb-1Zr is one of the four grades the Matter card of this key names, alongside RRR 300, reactor grade and Nb-55Ti, so the printed designation is one the key names and the pairing is not made on the bare element.", "note": "the same four-inch capsule is described independently, with the same members and the same filler, by a second report of the same contract: P. E. Kueser and J. W. Toth, NASA CR-2224 and WAED 68.05E, March 1973, which prints after metallizing the ceramic parts with molybdenum, the members were joined using 60Zr-25V-15Cb active metal brazing alloy, and this bore seal capsule remained potassium leak tight after 5000 hours at 1300 F. That report also gives the 2000-hour alkali metal exposure result: only a slight effect on the flexural strength of the 99.8 percent beryllia itself, but degradation of the BRAZED ASSEMBLY strength, much more severe by lithium than by potassium. LOT PROCEDE-5, HOW THIS PAIR NAMES ITS FILLER WITHOUT SERVING A FALSEHOOD. Lot FILLERS-2 left this pair unwired because an ACTIVE filler on a ceramic derives the route active metal brazing, direct, whose text reads no metallization step comes first, while this object metallized. Two things were then established. FIRST, no document erects the combination into a separate route: Schwartz chapter 4 and the ASM handbook both treat metallizing-brazing and active brazing as two alternative methods, and both define the active route by the ABSENCE of metallization. SECOND, the corpus already carries the rule that settles it, written at lot PROCEDE-1: a pair whose SOURCE attests a metallization renders metallize then braze whatever the character of its filler, and the title the derivation would have produced is kept beside it so the reader sees both. What was missing was neither a model nor a rule but a CITATION. The preparation field said a wetting layer of molybdenum evaporated, where the report writes evaporation metallizing process and calls the retained system the molybdenum-metallized Thermalox 998. The field now quotes the report, the sourced route resolves to metallize then braze, and the derived title active metal brazing, direct is served beside it.", "provenance": "lot REPONSE-2, cases 35 and 36 of CAS-RECOLTE-3.md", "sources": [ "S-NASA-CR-1591", "S-NASA-CR-2224" ], "statut": "candidate", "brasure_note": "the source prints two temperatures for this alloy and they do not say the same thing. The brazing temperature OF THE ALLOY is 2436 F (1330 C), the alloy having been preferred to 50Zr-30V-20Cb primarily on the basis of its slightly lower brazing temperature, 2436 F against 2516 F (1380 C). Bore seal capsule No. 4, itself, was brazed at 2462 F. Both figures are recorded and neither is chosen against the other. Two leak tight assemblies were made separately with 56Zr-28V-16Ti, also in this catalog. Filler wired at lot PROCEDE-5.", "valeurs_mecaniques": [ { "grandeur": "flexural", "valeur": "18 900 to 42 300", "unite": "psi", "methode": "modulus of rupture assemblies", "conditions": "molybdenum-metallized beryllia to Cb-1Zr, nearly constant to 1600 F, and all specimens but one broke in the ceramic", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-NASA-CR-1591" } ] }, { "id": "sapphire--stainless-316l--gcd3-window", "A": "sapphire", "B": "stainless-316l", "espece": "application", "cas": "R3-38", "cas_objet": "pressure window of the Gas Cherenkov Detector 3, a gamma diagnostic for inertial confinement fusion used at the Omega Laser Facility and the National Ignition Facility: a sapphire-to-stainless brazement bought complete and already proof-tested, then machined to final dimensions, welded to a tube section and a flange, and installed in the pressure cell", "brasure": null, "brasure_texte": "not named by the source. LANL defined the features required on the stainless flange and purchased a complete, fully tested sapphire brazement from EnvirOptics Inc.", "atmosphere": null, "atmosphere_motif": "not given by the source, the brazement being bought finished", "role": "sealing", "tenue": "prior to delivery the brazement was hydro pressure tested to 4,964 kPa in accordance with ASME 31.3 and leak checked to 1E-9 std cc/sec helium. It was leak checked AGAIN after the stainless was machined to final dimensions, to verify the window had not been compromised, and again after the final weld, passing both times. Visual inspection of the sapphire revealed no cracks or chips.", "B_note": "the source writes a hastelloy and 304L stainless steel flange housing. 304L is one of the grades the Matter card of this key names, the card being titled Austenitic stainless 304L / 316L / 316LN ESR. The hastelloy of the housing is not a key of this corpus and is NOT written as a member.", "note": "two service limits are printed and they constrain the object rather than the joint: the optic is limited to 300 C by its antireflective coating, and the sapphire can only tolerate a 3 C per minute temperature change without cracking the crystal. Those two forced copper heat sinks, a pyrometer on the stainless edge near the sapphire, and a weld made in eighth-of-a-joint passes with a return to ambient between each.", "provenance": "lot REPONSE-2, case 38 of CAS-RECOLTE-3.md", "sources": [ "S-GCD3-WINDOW" ], "statut": "candidate" }, { "id": "sapphire--niobium--tfe-insulator-seal", "A": "sapphire", "B": "niobium", "espece": "application", "cas": "R3-41", "cas_objet": "taper insulator seal of the Thermionic Fuel Element: a metallized single-crystal alumina ring brazed to niobium skirts, the upper one thinned to 0.38 mm and formed into a convolution, welded between the emitter and the trilayer, built in lots and irradiated in the FFTF and EBR-II reactors", "brasure": "nb-v-35-65", "atmosphere": null, "atmosphere_motif": "not given by the source for the brazing operation itself. The process qualification imposes 3 thermal cycles from room temperature to 1473 K at a pressure below 2x10-7 torr.", "preparation": "high temperature metallizing, with a vapour deposited tungsten coating between the metallizer and the braze to protect the unmetallized areas from reacting with the braze alloy", "role": "insulating", "tenue": "every fabricated seal had to pass a leak rate check, a peel test above 20 lb/in on the taper seals, a room temperature resistance check above 1000 ohms, and 3 thermal cycles from room temperature to 1473 K below 2x10-7 torr. The leak rate threshold is printed as 2 x 10 std cc/s with the exponent lost in extraction, and the figure is therefore NOT copied here.", "echec": "beyond a fluence greater than 1x10-22 n/cm2 the seals did not remain hermetic. Neutron radiographs, visual examination and metallography showed that the ceramic-metal interface was distorted and the ceramic had cracked.", "A_note": "the source writes single crystal alumina and also alumina single crystal (sapphire) for the same material, and the in-reactor test matrix designates the specimens S.C. Al2O3-Taper.", "B_note": "the source writes niobium skirts and gives no RRR and no grade. The pairing is made on the element as the Matter card names it.", "provenance": "lot REPONSE-2, case 41 of CAS-RECOLTE-3.md", "sources": [ "S-GA-A21592" ], "statut": "candidate", "brasure_note": "the source spells the alloy niobium-vandium, and that spelling is its own. Table 3-3 of the same report lists five candidate systems with their melting points, Ti-V 1606 C, Nb-Zr 1743 C, Ti-Zr 1550 C and V-Zr 1267 C, and the Nb-V it retained is not among them, so no melting point is carried for it. A lower temperature niobium-zirconium composition was also tried on specimen S/N 1439. Filler wired at lot FILLERS-2.", "valeurs_mecaniques": [ { "grandeur": "peel", "valeur": "> 20", "unite": "lb/in", "methode": "peel test", "conditions": "an ACCEPTANCE CRITERION every fabricated taper seal had to pass, not a measured value. The document prints the threshold and not what any one seal reached.", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-GA-A21592" } ] }, { "id": "sapphire--niobium--bnl-56mhz-hom", "A": "sapphire", "B": "niobium", "espece": "application", "cas": "R3-42", "cas_objet": "higher-order-mode damper prototype for the 56 MHz superconducting cavity of RHIC, built at Jefferson Lab for Brookhaven: a sapphire window brazed onto niobium cuffs forming the vacuum barrier of the coaxial line, installed in the RHIC cavity in April 2014", "brasure": "ag-cu-in-ti-incusil-aba", "atmosphere": null, "atmosphere_motif": "not given by the source", "role": "sealing", "echec": "the installed prototype quenched at approximately 1/36 of full power. Through numerical analysis conducted at BNL, it was surmised that there had been extra heat generation from the braze alloy (InCuSil ABA) used in joining the Sapphire Window to the Niobium cuffs.", "A_note": "the source writes Sapphire for the window and the filter rings, machined to diametral tolerances of 0.001 to 0.002 inch on the cuffs.", "B_note": "the source writes high RRR Niobium, finished by buffered chemical polishing. RRR 300 cavity grade is the grade the Matter card of this key names first.", "note": "this pair attaches to ag-cu-in-ti-incusil-aba a failure by RF LOSS IN THE FILLER, which is a kind of fact this corpus holds little of: the joint is neither leaking nor broken, it dissipates.", "provenance": "lot REPONSE-2, case 42 of CAS-RECOLTE-3.md", "sources": [ "S-BNL-56MHZ-HOM" ], "statut": "candidate" }, { "id": "alumina--niobium--bulb-vanadium", "A": "alumina", "B": "niobium", "espece": "application", "cas": "R3-43", "cas_objet": "bulb-type sealed samples of a thermionic converter envelope: alumina ceramic rings and refractory metal end caps, sealed and then evaluated for vacuum integrity under thermal shock, ageing and caesium vapour", "brasure": "v-pur", "atmosphere": "vacuum, the ageing being run at 10-7 to 10-8 torr", "preparation": "a molybdenum or a tungsten barrier vacuum-evaporated onto the ceramic before brazing", "T_brasage_C": 1850, "role": "sealing", "tenue": "sealed capsules made using pure vanadium braze, brazed at 1850 C for one minute, survived 64 thermal cycles to 1200 C at a heating and cooling rate of 100 C per minute, and survived 5000-hour ageing tests at 800, 1000 and 1200 C. The report concludes that a pure vanadium braze, used to bond tungsten-coated high-purity alumina to high quality columbium-1 percent zirconium alloy, represents a ceramic-to-metal seal system capable of at least a year's operation in cesium vapor at a minimum temperature of 1000 C.", "echec": "one thermally cycled sample survived a subsequent 5000-hour ageing period at 1000 C, but another, at 1200 C, did not survive.", "A_note": "the source writes very high purity 99.99 percent alumina.", "B_note": "the metal member is Cb-1Zr, columbium-1 percent zirconium, which the Matter card of this key names as Nb-1Zr. A second series ran on T-111 alloy, Ta-8W-2Hf, which is not a key of this corpus and is not written as a member.", "note": "the same report records that BeO cracked worse than the Al2O3 in the same programme, ascribed to the greater thermal expansion of BeO, and that only three of its 262 braze specimens involved beryllia against Cb-1Zr.", "provenance": "lot REPONSE-2, case 43 of CAS-RECOLTE-3.md", "sources": [ "S-NASA-CR-120831" ], "statut": "candidate", "brasure_note": "thirteen braze systems were carried through a screening evaluation, each with both a tungsten and a molybdenum barrier on the ceramic, so twenty-six systems in all, of which ten went to the ageing study. Pure vanadium is the one the report retains. Filler wired at lot FILLERS-2." }, { "id": "aln--copper-ofe--mpex-absorber", "A": "aln", "B": "copper-ofe", "espece": "application", "cas": "R3-44", "cas_objet": "microwave absorber module of the Material Plasma Exposure eXperiment: an array of pyramidal AlN tiles brazed onto a water-cooled Glidcop AL-15 baseplate explosion-bonded to a 316SS plate, eight modules and two cooled flanges welded into a stainless cage to make the complete absorber. Two test articles were built and exposed to an electron beam.", "brasure": "ag-cu-sn-ti-cusin-1-aba", "brasure_note": "Cusin-1-ABA joins the ceramic tile to the copper layer and Cusil (BAg-8) joins the bottom copper layer to the Glidcop base, and BOTH interfaces are brazed simultaneously at 820 C. Nicusil 3 is used for the transition subassembly itself, which is the separate pair copper-ofe--molybdenum--mpex-transition.", "atmosphere": null, "atmosphere_motif": "not given by the source", "T_brasage_C": 820, "role": "thermal", "tenue": "test article 1, the AlN tiles on the Cu-Mo-Cu transition subassembly, was exposed to an electron beam at up to 1.5 MW/m2, well above the 0.76 MW/m2 expected in service. Ultrasonic testing before and after gave similar results and no voids or separation in the brazed joints were found after the high heat-flux exposure.", "echec": "test article 2, the AlN tiles brazed directly onto a machined copper meat-hammer pattern instead of the transition subassembly, did not hold: voids in the brazed joint between the tiles and Cu meat-hammer pattern surface area were found in a few areas, especially the bottom-left tile brazed joint, which was compromised after exposure to the high heat load.", "A_note": "the source prints the yield strength of the tile, 320 MPa, but no commercial grade and no supplier for the AlN.", "B_note": "the source writes C10100 OFE Cu (ASTM F68, B152) for the copper layers in its structural analysis section, which is the first grade the Matter card of this key names. The Glidcop AL-15 of the baseplate is an alumina-dispersion-strengthened copper, it is NOT oxygen-free copper, and it is NOT written as a member: the tile touches the C10100 layer of the subassembly, not the Glidcop.", "note": "the printed reason for choosing AlN over SiC is a braze result: on the single-tile coupons, brazed in the same conditions with the same alloys, an arc-shaped hairline crack was observed from corner to corner on three of the four tile sides of the SiC coupon, while for the AlN the brazing was successful and no cracks were found in the tile during the post-braze visual inspection.", "provenance": "lot REPONSE-2, case 44 of CAS-RECOLTE-3.md", "sources": [ "S-MPEX-ABSORBER" ], "statut": "candidate" }, { "id": "copper-ofe--molybdenum--mpex-transition", "A": "copper-ofe", "B": "molybdenum", "espece": "application", "cas": "R3-45", "cas_objet": "transition subassembly of the same MPEX microwave absorber: a molybdenum layer sandwiched between two thin copper layers, brazed, then brazed in turn onto the Glidcop baseplate and carrying the AlN tiles", "brasure": "ag-cu-ni-nicusil-3", "atmosphere": null, "atmosphere_motif": "not given by the source", "T_brasage_C": 820, "role": "thermal", "tenue": "the transition subassembly was successfully brazed with no delamination in the Mo, after the thickness of the top and bottom copper layers was reduced to decrease the overall thermal expansion during the brazing process. It then carried test article 1 under 1.5 MW/m2 with no voids and no separation at ultrasonic testing.", "A_note": "C10100 OFE Cu, ASTM F68 and B152, printed by the source in its structural analysis section", "B_note": "the source writes Mo (ASTM B 387 Type 361) in the same section. B 387 Type 361 is unalloyed molybdenum, which is the grade the Matter card of this key names as Pure Mo and serves as its displayGrade.", "note": "THE COUNTER-EXPERIMENT IS PRINTED IN THE SAME PARAGRAPH AND IT FAILED. The first transition subassembly was built as Cu-W-Cu with the SAME Nicusil 3 at the SAME 820 C, and delamination was found on the edges and corners of W, which the source imputes to the coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch. The tungsten grade is NOT printed, unlike the molybdenum grade, which is why this pair carries the molybdenum and not the tungsten. The source states the reason both refractory metals were tried: molybdenum and W were chosen because their CTE is very close to SiC and AlN, and a thin Cu layer was added to the top and bottom to provide a ductile material and help avoid delamination during heating and cooling in the brazing process.", "provenance": "lot REPONSE-2, case 45 of CAS-RECOLTE-3.md", "sources": [ "S-MPEX-ABSORBER" ], "statut": "candidate" }, { "id": "sapphire--niobium--jlab-hom-feedthrough", "A": "sapphire", "B": "niobium", "espece": "application", "cas": "R3-46", "cas_objet": "RF feedthrough of the higher-order-mode couplers of the High Gradient and Low Loss cavities of the CEBAF 12 GeV upgrade, 32 units built: a single-crystal sapphire dielectric brazed to a niobium probe on one side and to a copper sleeve captured in the stainless steel mounting flange on the other", "brasure": null, "brasure_texte": "not named in this paper, which says only that the concept was to directly braze the niobium probe to a single-crystal sapphire dielectric and the sapphire to a substantial copper sleeve captured in the stainless steel mounting flange", "atmosphere": null, "atmosphere_motif": "not given by the source", "role": "sealing", "tenue": "peak temperature of the niobium probe, the feedthrough being conduction cooled through its stainless flange: below 5 K under 10 mW and about 6.9 K under 20 mW for the sapphire dielectric version, against 5.5 K and below 9.2 K for the alumina version. Finite element analysis indicates that with the external copper collar stabilised at 3 K, more than 100 mW can be removed while keeping the tip cold.", "B_note": "the source writes a niobium probe about 0.120 inch in diameter and gives no RRR and no grade", "note": "the object carries TWO ceramic-to-metal joints and only one is written as a pair. The sapphire to copper sleeve joint is not entered: the source writes copper sleeve and copper collar with no grade, and this corpus keys copper as oxygen-free.", "provenance": "lot REPONSE-2, case 46 of CAS-RECOLTE-3.md", "sources": [ "S-JLAB-HOM-FEEDTHROUGH" ], "statut": "candidate" }, { "id": "sapphire--niobium--deca-stack", "A": "sapphire", "B": "niobium", "espece": "application", "cas": "R3-47", "cas_objet": "the DECA, Diamond Electrical Contact Assembly, of the diamond amplified photocathode capsule: a brazed stack of diamond, niobium washer, sapphire washer and niobium washer, assembled and then mounted in the assembly chamber and tested", "brasure": "ag-cu-ti-ticusil", "atmosphere": null, "atmosphere_motif": "not given by the source", "preparation": "50 micrometre Ticusil foil punched into washers of 8 mm inside and 8.5 mm outside diameter", "T_brasage_C": 870, "role": "sealing", "tenue": "vacuum tight on a Pfeiffer QualyTest helium leak detector, leak rate 1.2x10-9 Torr.L/s, which is the level of the Viton seal closing the test chamber.", "A_note": "the source writes a synthetic sapphire washer, polished on one face, from Swiss Jewel", "B_note": "the source writes RRR niobium washers, outside diameter 12.5 mm, inside 7.9 mm, thickness 1 mm, machined or EDM cut", "note": "the braze cycle is printed in full: up to 870 C over 4 h 15, a two hour soak, then up to a little over 900 C which is the liquidus of Ticusil, and an immediate descent at 100 C per hour. THE DOCUMENT IS A MASTER'S THESIS, a weaker form than a laboratory report or a conference paper, and that is recorded here rather than left to be discovered.", "provenance": "lot REPONSE-2, case 47 of CAS-RECOLTE-3.md", "sources": [ "S-DECA-THESIS" ], "statut": "candidate" }, { "id": "sapphire--molybdenum--k500-deflector", "A": "sapphire", "B": "molybdenum", "espece": "application", "cas": "R3-49", "cas_objet": "support insulators of the electrostatic extraction deflectors of the K500 superconducting cyclotron of the NSCL, the planar end design that replaced the failing earlier one and was in routine use at the time of writing", "brasure": null, "brasure_texte": "not named by the source, which gives the atmosphere and the metallizing but not the filler", "atmosphere": "hydrogen furnace", "preparation": "a standard Mo-Mn metallizing procedure on each end of the sapphire cylinder", "role": "insulating", "tenue": "the new insulators are mechanically rugged and in routine use where the previous design failed, but they require cleaning to remove metallization after extended operation at 50-100 kV. Grooved insulators perform slightly better than smooth ones, the difference being marginal.", "A_note": "the source writes sapphire cylinders 0.313 inch diameter by 0.85 inch long and gives no crystal orientation and no grade", "B_note": "the source writes molybdenum end caps and gives no grade. The molybdenum is a PIECE here and not a metallizing layer, which is what makes this pair writable: the Mo-Mn metallizing is on the sapphire, the end caps are solid molybdenum, and the source separates the two in the same sentence.", "note": "the same insulator design, taken up six years later on the Texas A&M deflector test stand, is documented there as difficult to make because of the brazed connection between the sapphire and the metal end electrode, and as limited to a long-term voltage holding capability of approximately 65 kV in the K500 environment, beyond which sparking damages the insulators. It was replaced there by a MACOR insulator bonded with epoxy. That second document names the couple only in a figure caption and prints no figure for the joint, so it is not written as a source of this pair.", "provenance": "lot REPONSE-2, case 49 of CAS-RECOLTE-3.md", "sources": [ "S-MSU-K500-DEFLECTOR" ], "statut": "candidate" }, { "id": "sapphire--titanium-grade-2--usno-viewport", "A": "sapphire", "B": "titanium-grade-2", "espece": "application", "cas": "R3-50", "cas_objet": "weld-in window cell for the nonmagnetic UHV chambers of atomic fountain clocks: an optical blank brazed into a thin weld collar which is then welded into the chamber. The cells are fabricated commercially and mounted, one titanium chamber carrying several windows, three welded directly into the chamber and one into a titanium ConFlat flange.", "brasure": null, "brasure_texte": "the source names a family and not an alloy: sapphire and titanium can be brazed with copper-silver-titanium (or closely related) brazes, and this type of braze uses a small addition of titanium to a copper-silver eutectic to enhance wetting to ceramics and metals other than copper and silver. No trade name and no composition are printed.", "atmosphere": null, "atmosphere_motif": "not given by the source", "role": "sealing", "tenue": "the window cells are bakeable to 450 C. Once welded into a vacuum chamber they showed no leaks at the 6x10-11 Torr-litre per second level in two parts with up to 10 windows each. CNC laser welding was chosen to join the thin lip of the titanium collar because it minimises the heat and stress that can cause window failure, and the temperature monitored within 5 mm of an electron-beam weld bead stayed below 40 C for a titanium sleeve against a titanium weld-port.", "A_note": "the source gives the crystal orientation and not the purity: the sapphire optical flats were cut with the c-axis perpendicular to the face, so no birefringence effects of sapphire were noticeable.", "B_note": "the source writes titanium (CP grade 2) for the weld collars, chosen after a series of welding tests with nonmagnetic materials, in a 0.25 mm thick sleeve that flexes to relieve the expansion mismatch with the sapphire. CP grade 2 is what the Matter card of this key names.", "note": "the same document records what was tried and abandoned on the same design, and neither becomes a pair. Windows with COPPER collars were produced by the same high temperature braze and were leak tight BEFORE welding, but the welding temperatures required to make good joints to either copper or stainless steel vacuum chambers were too high, and welding produced small fractures in the windows or the braze material near the window edge far too often. The copper grade is not printed either. And the authors tried but were unable to produce windows with stainless steel collars with this low profile, high temperature braze design, so there is no object at all on that side.", "provenance": "lot REPONSE-2, case 50 of CAS-RECOLTE-3.md", "sources": [ "S-USNO-VIEWPORT" ], "statut": "candidate" }, { "id": "sapphire--copper--heliyon-microwave-window", "A": "sapphire", "B": "copper", "espece": "application", "cas": "R3-37", "cas_objet": "sealed microwave window of a high power gyrotron: a single crystal Al2O3 wafer 80 mm across and 1 mm thick, C crystal face, index (0001), supplied by Taizhou Chenzhiyi Optical Materials, vacuum brazed onto copper and then assembled into a window", "brasure": null, "brasure_texte": "a ternary active filler metal Ag-Cu-Ti in the mass ratio 69:28:3, laid about 0.15 mm thick on the copper surface over a layer of commercial flux, with a small weight for contact. That ratio is not any alloy of this catalogue and it is NOT fitted to the nearest one: Ticusil is 68.8Ag-26.7Cu-4.5Ti and the titanium fraction is not the same number.", "atmosphere": "vacuum", "preparation": "none stated. The filler is laid straight on the copper over a flux layer and the sapphire is not metallized.", "T_brasage_C": 825, "role": "sealing", "tenue": "helium mass spectrometer leak rate 4.89E-8 Pa m3 s-1, measured on a Hefei Wanyi SFJ-231 to GB/T 36176-2018. X-ray radiography gives 0.8 percent weld porosity and a 99.2 percent weld rate. Mean shear strength 207 MPa with brittle fracture. Wave transmission meets the requirements of high power windows over 95 to 98 GHz with a standing wave ratio below 2.", "preuve_usage": "microwave window of a high power gyrotron", "B_note": "THIS IS WHY THE PAIR SITS ON THE copper KEY AND NOT ON copper-ofe. The document writes pure copper (purity >99.97 %) and never oxygen-free, never OFE, never OFHC. A purity of 99.97 percent is that of a C11000, which the Matter card of copper-ofe lists as a grade DISTINCT from the C10100 it names. Matching it to copper-ofe would rest on the purity figure alone, so the key that says the grade is not stated is the one that carries it.", "A_note": "exact on the sapphire side: the document writes single crystal Al2O3 and gives the crystal orientation.", "note": "the thermal cycle is printed in full: 10 C per minute to 300 C, a 30 minute hold to drive off the flux binder, 10 C per minute to 825 C, a 10 minute hold, then slow cooling at 3 C per minute to 300 C and furnace cooling below that. Vacuum held under 1.0E-3 Pa throughout.", "provenance": "lot COPPER-1, case 37 of CAS-RECOLTE-3.md, set aside by REPONSE-2 on the copper side", "sources": [ "S-HELIYON-AL2O3" ], "statut": "candidate", "valeurs_mecaniques": [ { "grandeur": "shear", "valeur": 207, "unite": "MPa", "methode": "mean shear strength", "conditions": "brittle fracture", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-HELIYON-AL2O3" } ] }, { "id": "beo--copper--iter-lhcd-window", "A": "beo", "B": "copper", "espece": "application", "cas": "R3-33", "cas_objet": "two prototypes of a symmetric pill-box RF window, 5 GHz, 500 kW for 5 s, for the ITER lower hybrid current drive heating system, built by PMB/ALCEN and power tested at NFRI in Korea: a BeO 99.5 percent disc from American Beryllia, product sheet EPS-8001, 85.89 mm across and 8.3 mm thick, brazed to a water cooled copper skirt", "brasure": null, "brasure_texte": "a gold copper alloy Au50/Cu50 in a layer 20 to 40 micrometres thick, chosen to avoid silver alloys. That composition is not any alloy of this catalogue: the two gold-copper entries are 37.5Au-62.5Cu and 35Au-65Cu, and neither is a half and half.", "atmosphere": null, "atmosphere_motif": "not given by the source", "preparation": "a molybdenum manganese layer on the periphery of the BeO, plus a nickel plating", "role": "sealing", "tenue": "low power: S11 and S22 return below -32 dB at 5 GHz, insertion loss -0.01 to -0.05 dB. High power: shots of 500 kW plus or minus 20 kW for 5 s.", "echec": "The first ceramic window prototype was found to be cracked after disassembly from the test-bed. Two further numbers constrain the object rather than the joint: the BeO centre temperature measured above 300 C by infrared camera, which rules out continuous operation, and total calorimetric losses of 5 kW on window number 1 and 3.5 kW on number 2, against the 2 kW modelled.", "B_note": "THIS IS WHY THE PAIR SITS ON THE copper KEY AND NOT ON copper-ofe. The document writes copper skirt for the built part and ceramic brazed on an actively water cooled copper skirt. The word OFHC appears once and only inside the description of the electromagnetic MODEL, modelled as OFHC copper. A material of calculation is not a specification of a part, so the gap is written here rather than smoothed over.", "A_note": "exact on the BeO side: 99.5 percent, supplier and product sheet both named.", "provenance": "lot COPPER-1, case 33 of CAS-RECOLTE-3.md, set aside by REPONSE-2 on the copper side", "sources": [ "S-ITER-LHCD-WINDOW" ], "statut": "candidate" }, { "id": "beo--copper--varian-gyroklystron-window", "A": "beo", "B": "copper", "espece": "application", "cas": "R3-34", "cas_objet": "output window of the VGA-8000 gyroklystron, across a series of numbered tubes S/N 2, 1R, 2R2 and 2R9 built, tested and rebuilt over four years: a half-wavelength BeO ceramic disc brazed to copper cups and surrounded by a stainless steel water jacket that is not itself brazed to the ceramic", "brasure": null, "brasure_texte": "not named by the source. The report describes the window build and its failures without printing the filler metal.", "atmosphere": null, "atmosphere_motif": "not given by the source", "preparation": "a metallizing on the ceramic, named by the source only when it fails", "role": "sealing", "echec": "six printed failures, each with its cause, and none of them is the filler or the couple. At 11.8 kW average, the BeO disc ceramic output window separated at the metalizing on the air side of the window, and the output waveguide filled with water. At 105 kW CW on S/N 2R2 the window gave way evidently because of excessive temperature gradient between window center and edge, about 126 C. At 92.1 kW CW a vacuum leak appeared in the metallizing of the output window. Between 50 and 100 kW CW on S/N 2R9 the output window metallizing failed. One window showed the Y-shaped crack typical of thermal failure. Stray beam electrons landing on a window cracked it. What the failures charge is the metallizing and the thermal gradient.", "preuve_usage": "the way out is printed: a double disc window face cooled with FC-75 reached 212 kW CW at 28 GHz on 12 February 1980", "B_note": "THIS IS WHY THE PAIR SITS ON THE copper KEY AND NOT ON copper-ofe. The document writes copper cups and nothing else. No grade is given on either side, the ceramic being written BeO with no purity either.", "A_note": "no purity given by the source for the BeO.", "provenance": "lot COPPER-1, case 34 of CAS-RECOLTE-3.md, set aside by REPONSE-2 on the copper side", "sources": [ "S-VARIAN-GYROKLYSTRON" ], "statut": "candidate" }, { "id": "aln--copper--toshiba-kek-hom", "A": "aln", "B": "copper", "espece": "application", "cas": "R3-40", "cas_objet": "higher order mode absorber for the 1.3 GHz nine cell superconducting cavity of an energy recovery linac: an AlN cylinder brazed inside a copper cylinder whose inner face carries lattice-like slots, with stainless flanges electron beam welded at both ends. A first prototype was built in 2017 and a second after the tests.", "brasure": null, "brasure_texte": "silver, and no more. Table 2 of the paper prints Brazing material Silver, which names a metal and not an alloy of this catalogue.", "atmosphere": "vacuum", "T_brasage_C": 750, "role": "thermal", "tenue": "heat extraction test at KEK in a horizontal cryostat cooled with nitrogen, plateau near 90 K, four ceramic heaters delivering 10 W: a copper to AlN temperature difference of about 4 K against the 3 K estimated from thermal conductivity. It was confirmed that the new prototype HOM absorber was able to absorb heat of 10 W.", "preuve_usage": "higher order mode absorber of an energy recovery linac cavity", "echec": "Many cracks occurred in the AlN cylinder of the prototype HOM absorber before RF measurements. The cause taken is differential expansion stress, and the remedy is to cut the copper foil into strips to relax it. On the development coupons, cracks in the AlN near the brazed parts in BOTH pieces, depth measured at about 4.4 mm on coupon B with its 10 mm strips. Coupon A, with 3 mm strips, is the one that served the new prototype.", "B_note": "THIS IS WHY THE PAIR SITS ON THE copper KEY AND NOT ON copper-ofe. The document writes copper cylinder and then a copper foil 0.015 inch thick cut into strips, with no grade, and the same is true of the companion document of the same programme.", "A_note": "no grade given by the source for the AlN either. The document writes AlN and copper without qualifying either one.", "note": "an extraction reservation carried from the harvest: pdftotext renders AnAlN cylinder with no space. The sentence is the document's own and the missing space is an artefact of extraction.", "provenance": "lot COPPER-1, case 40 of CAS-RECOLTE-3.md, set aside by REPONSE-2 on the copper side", "sources": [ "S-TOSHIBA-KEK-HOM" ], "statut": "candidate" }, { "id": "alumina--niobium--kohl-tungsten-palladium", "A": "alumina", "B": "niobium", "espece": "application", "cas": "R3-51", "cas_objet": "ceramic-to-metal seals for a thermionic converter programme, built to run in caesium vapour: yttria-fluxed alumina metallized with tungsten and joined to columbium metal, the name this 1967 text uses for niobium", "brasure": "pd-pur", "brasure_note": "the document writes palladium plain, as the metal and not as an alloy, and states what it does: palladium that wets both the tungsten metallizing and the columbium metal. For seals operating at temperatures lower than 1200 C the chapter names an alloy of Pd and Co, Falco, which this corpus already carries as pd-co-palco. NO BRAZING TEMPERATURE IS PRINTED for either, and none is written.", "atmosphere": "vacuum or inert, not stated by the source for the brazing step", "atmosphere_motif": "the atmospheres the chapter prints on this page are those of SERVICE, caesium vapour, and of the metallizing firing, hydrogen. The brazing atmosphere is not printed.", "preparation": "tungsten metallizing. Pure alumina with an addition of one half to 2 per cent yttria is coated with a suspension of 17 volume per cent tungsten powder in 83 volume per cent water, and the coating is sintered at 1700 C. The chapter prints the four reactions Cowan, Stoddard and Herrick summarise, ending with a final firing temperature of approximately 1700 C being necessary to densify the tungsten and cause the mixture of tungsten, yttrium tungstate and yttria to coalesce into a hard, dense structure.", "T_brasage_C": null, "role": "sealing", "mouillage": "yes, and the document says on what: palladium wets both the tungsten metallizing and the columbium metal", "tenue": "reliable joints between yttria-fluxed alumina and tungsten are formed that are stable in a cesium vapor atmosphere to at least 1000 C. THAT 1000 C IS THE ONLY FIGURE THE DOCUMENT STATES AS ACHIEVED. Operation at 1200 C in a caesium vapour atmosphere for 10,000 hours is printed in the very next sentence as the DESIGN OBJECTIVE and is not written here as a result, because the chapter does not say it was reached.", "preuve_usage": "ceramic-to-metal seals for caesium-vapour thermionic service", "A_note": "the document writes pure alumina with an addition of one half to 2 per cent yttria. The corpus key is titled Alumina 94 to 99.8 percent and this body sits inside that range, but the yttria flux is what the whole page turns on and it is written here rather than dropped: under caesium at these temperatures silica or silicates cannot be permitted to be present in the ceramic, as they would lead to rapid corrosion, and yttria is the flux that replaces them.", "B_note": "the 1967 text writes columbium throughout, which is the older United States name for the element this corpus keys as niobium. The same page also names Kovar-type alloys and columbium alloys containing 1 per cent Zr as alternative metal members for the EIMAC alternator bore seals, and neither of those is written as a member of THIS pair.", "note": "WHY THIS PAIR IS AN APPLICATION AND NOT A REFERENCE. Kohl is a reference work and most of what this chapter prints is prescription, which does not make a pair. This passage is different: it reports a built programme with a stated service result, joints that are stable in caesium vapour to at least 1000 C, and it names every step of the route. The design objective of 10,000 hours at 1200 C is recorded in the tenue field as an objective and is not counted as a result.", "provenance": "lot KOHL-15, book page 466", "sources": [ "S-KOHL-CH15" ], "statut": "candidate" }, { "id": "alumina--copper--kohl-stanford-klystron", "A": "alumina", "B": "copper", "espece": "application", "cas": "R3-52", "cas_objet": "high-power klystrons built at the W. W. Hansen Laboratories of Stanford University for the 200-foot-long linear accelerator: alumina metallized with the sintered metal powder process, nickel-plated, and brazed to copper components", "brasure": "ag-cu-72-28", "brasure_note": "the document writes copper-silver eutectic and no proportion. The corpus entry named here IS that eutectic by composition, 72 silver and 28 copper, and the match is on the eutectic and not on a resemblance of names. What the document does NOT print is a brazing temperature, and none is written.", "atmosphere": null, "atmosphere_motif": "not printed for the brazing step. The metallizing firing atmosphere is printed for other paints of the same page but not for Paint No. 5A.", "preparation": "three metallizing paint formulations are printed on book page 447 and all three are used at the same laboratory, the document saying of them together that these compositions have been successfully used for a number of years at the W. W. Hansen Laboratories of Stanford University. PAINT NO. 5A, Eitel-McCullough, Inc., Report No. 7 of 1954, under contract AF33(600)-17125, Reliable Ceramic Tubes Adapted for Automatic Production: 176 g molybdenum powder at 400 mesh, 44 g manganese, MD 301 of the Metals Disintegrating Co., Inc., Elizabeth, N. J., 55 ml acetone, 25 ml methyl ethyl ketone, 50 ml Cellosolve of the Carbide Carbon Chemical Co., and 45 ml nitrocellulose lacquer of 600 to 1000 seconds. PAINT NO. 10A, Eitel-McCullough, Inc., Report No. 9 of 1954, under the same contract: 176 g molybdenum powder at 200 mesh, 44 g manganese powder at 200 mesh, 9 g titanium hydride, 45 ml nitrocellulose lacquer of 600 to 1000 seconds, 25 ml methyl ethyl ketone, 50 ml Cellosolve, which the document glosses as ethyl ether, and 55 ml acetone. PAINT NO. 2A, and this one the document attributes to the W. W. Hansen Laboratories of Stanford University themselves: 200 g molybdenum powder at 400 mesh, 40 g manganese powder at 400 mesh, 10 g hydrogen-reduced iron powder, 2 g silica in the form of silicic acid as a fine powder, 2 g calcium oxide at 200 mesh or finer, 50 ml nitrocellulose lacquer of 600 to 1000 seconds, 55 ml acetone, 30 ml methyl ethyl ketone and 50 ml Cellosolve. THE LACQUER ITSELF is prepared by mixing the following ingredients in the order shown: 400 g nitrocellulose, 1650 ml toluene, 750 ml ethyl alcohol or methyl ketone, 600 ml ethyl acetate. THE PROCESS: after ball-milling for 100 hours the paint is applied by brushing and sintered at the specified temperature, a second coating is superimposed and treated in the same manner, and the metallized area is then nickel-plated. WHICH PAINT ON WHICH BODY: Paint No. 5A is preferred for metallizing 94 per cent alumina that is then fired at 1525 C, which the document marks Tb, and for bodies of higher alumina content Paints 10A and 2A are being used. HANDLING, printed on book pages 445 and 446 and carried here because it conditions the bond: the ceramics must not be touched by bare hands after the cleaning operation has been performed, and they should be stored in heated, dust-free cabinets before use. Clean ceramics must not come into contact with any metal parts during handling, tweezers, spatulas and other tools should be bone-tipped or coated with plastic, and ceramic or fused-silica trays must be used during furnace treatment.", "role": "sealing", "mouillage": "yes, via metallisation", "preuve_usage": "high-power klystrons for the 200-foot linear accelerator at Stanford, the document stating that these compositions have been successfully used for a number of years", "B_note": "THIS IS WHY THE PAIR SITS ON THE copper KEY AND NOT ON copper-ofe. The document writes copper components and nothing else. No grade is printed, no oxygen content is stated, and nothing in the chapter says the copper is oxygen-free. The key that says the grade is not stated is the one that carries it.", "A_note": "94 per cent alumina, the body the document names for this paint.", "note": "WHY THIS PAIR IS AN APPLICATION. The route is a prescription, but the document attaches to it an object that was built and run, klystrons for a named accelerator, and states that the compositions have been successfully used for a number of years. No strength and no leak rate is printed for this joint, so no tenue field is written and the proof carried here is the usage. LOT KOHL-15-B, TWO CORRECTIONS TO WHAT KOHL-15 WROTE. The first is an under-quotation: the Paint No. 5A recipe was served with four of its six lines, the Cellosolve and the nitrocellulose lacquer having been dropped, and the manganese was given without its MD 301 designation. The full recipe is now served, read at the page image at 190 dpi. The second is a misattribution by omission: the sentence that says these compositions have been successfully used for a number of years at Stanford covers ALL THREE paints of page 447 and not Paint 5A alone, and Paint No. 2A is the one the document attributes to the W. W. Hansen Laboratories themselves. All three are now served with the provenance the document prints for each.", "provenance": "lot KOHL-15, book page 448", "sources": [ "S-KOHL-CH15" ], "statut": "candidate" }, { "id": "alumina--molybdenum--kohl-philips-recycling", "A": "alumina", "B": "molybdenum", "espece": "application", "cas": "R3-53", "cas_objet": "high-temperature ceramic-to-metal seals developed at the North American Philips Laboratories: high-purity alumina joined to molybdenum through a spongy molybdenum layer and a refractory alloy wetting agent, the technique also reported for magnesia and spinel sealed to molybdenum, tungsten and rhenium", "brasure": null, "brasure_texte": "not fixed by the source. The chapter writes that the final brazing operation is by conventional means, that the choice of the filler metal determines the temperature resistance of the seal, and that preformed washers of Ru/Mo or Rh/Mo oxides may be used, or any of the filler metals for high-temperature operation discussed in its chapter 13. No one filler is named for this seal and none is written.", "atmosphere": "wet hydrogen for the spongy layer, hydrogen for the wetting agent, and an inert atmosphere for the service the result is stated in", "preparation": "a spongy layer of molybdenum formed on the ceramic by reducing a suspension of MoO3 in an amyl acetate and nitrocellulose solution, brushed on and reduced in wet hydrogen for 10 minutes at 1700 C or higher, higher sintering temperatures and higher humidity and longer firing times producing better results. Then a refractory alloy wetting agent of 40 weight per cent RuO2 and 60 weight per cent MoO3 in the same solution, brushed onto the spongy layer and reduced to metal by firing in hydrogen for a few minutes at 1300 C or higher.", "role": "sealing", "tenue": "the technique permits repeated recycling of vacuum-tight seals at 1800 C in an inert atmosphere and operation at 1500 C in a caesium vapour atmosphere for more than 1400 hours.", "preuve_usage": "high-temperature ceramic-to-metal seals for caesium-vapour service", "A_note": "high-purity alumina, the body the source names as giving the best results. The same passage reports magnesia and spinel satisfactorily sealed to molybdenum, tungsten and rhenium, and those three couples are NOT written here: magnesia, spinel and rhenium are not keys of this corpus.", "B_note": "molybdenum as the metal member. The chapter records that attempts to form spongy layers of chromium, uranium, rhenium or ruthenium were not successful, so the spongy layer is molybdenum or tungsten and nothing else.", "note": "WHY THIS PAIR IS AN APPLICATION. The document states a measured service, repeated recycling at 1800 C and more than 1400 hours at 1500 C, which is a result and not a prescription. The filler is left unnamed because the source leaves it open by design, the choice of the filler metal determining the temperature resistance of the seal.", "provenance": "lot KOHL-15, book pages 466 and 467", "sources": [ "S-KOHL-CH15" ], "statut": "candidate" }, { "id": "alumina--kovar--kohl-table-15-1", "A": "alumina", "B": "kovar", "espece": "reference", "brasure": null, "brasure_texte": "not named by the table. Table 15.1 varies the METALLIZING MIXTURE and its sintering temperature, and the braze that attaches the Kovar to the metallized specimen is not printed.", "preparation": "seven metallizing mixtures formulated at the Sperry Gyroscope Company, sintered between 1300 and 1600 C. Composition 65, 292.5 g Mo and 7.5 g Ti at 1500 C. Composition 91, 270 g Mo and 30 g LiMnO3 at 1500 C. Composition 141, 291 g Mo and 9 g talc MgO-SiO2 at 1600 C. Composition 72, 240 g Mo and 73.6 g CeO2 at 1500 C. Composition 50, 255 g Mo and 48 g SiO2 and 22 g Mn, at 1300 C on one body and 1500 C on another. Composition 49, 255 g Mo and 48 g SiO2 and 26 g MnO at 1500 C.", "role": "sealing", "tenue": "the table prints three test columns and three specimens per line, read at the page image because the OCR layer of this page interleaves the columns. Peel test in inch-pounds, compression in pounds, tensile in psi. EACH LINE CARRIES ITS BODY AND ITS SINTERING TEMPERATURE, the two conditions without which a strength figure says nothing. Composition 65 on AD-94 sintered at 1500 C, peel 2.5, compression above 4000 on all three, tensile 28400 and 19350 and 16400. Composition 91 on AD-94 sintered at 1500 C, peel 2, compression above 4000 twice then 3300, tensile 15500 and 15700 and 14500. Composition 141 on AD-94 sintered at 1600 C, peel 4, compression 3700 and 3400 and 3900, tensile 12300 and 17900 and 16100. Composition 72 on AD-96 sintered at 1500 C, peel 2, compression 3800 and 3600 and 4000, tensile 9430 and 22000 and 16050. Composition 50 on AD-96 sintered at 1300 C, peel 2, compression 2800 and 3000 and 3800, tensile 15700 and 13200 and 10700. Composition 50 again, on AL-23 sintered at 1500 C, peel 2, compression 2200 and 2300 and 1600, tensile 14000 and 16100 and 15200. The same mixture on two bodies at two temperatures is the one comparison the table sets up on purpose. Composition 49 on AL-23 sintered at 1500 C, peel 2.75, compression above 4000 then 3500 then 1200, tensile 11300 and 11600 and 16100. THE UNITS ARE THE DOCUMENT'S OWN AND ARE NOT CONVERTED: inch-pounds and pounds and psi are served as printed. A conversion would be a derivation, and this corpus marks derivations rather than letting them pass for readings.", "A_note": "three bodies, named in the second footnote of the table. AD-94, a 94 per cent alumina body manufactured by Coors Porcelain Co., Golden, Colorado. AD-96, a 96 per cent alumina body by the same company. AL-23, a 99.6 per cent alumina body by Ceramics For Industry, Mineola, N. Y. All three sit inside the range of the corpus key.", "B_note": "Kovar is the metal partner of BOTH tests, and the table says how. Peel test performed by stripping Kovar sheet brazed to test specimen. Compression test performed by applying pressure to rubber discs inserted above and below ceramic disk sealed at periphery into Kovar cylinder. The Kovar is therefore a test fixture here as much as a seal partner, and that is part of why this entry is a reference and not an application.", "note": "WHAT THIS ENTRY IS: the seven metallizing mixtures of table 15.1, tested on ASTM test specimens of three alumina bodies with Kovar as the metal partner of both mechanical tests. This is a test table and not an object that was built. WHY THIS PAIR IS A REFERENCE AND NOT AN APPLICATION, and it is the first of this corpus to carry that species. The table reports ASTM test specimens, roughly 3200 of them across some 200 mixtures, and no object that anyone built. Its numbers qualify a metallizing paint, not a joint in service. Entering it as an application would let a test coupon count as a piece of equipment. The table is Courtesy Sperry Gyroscope Company, by permission of Rome Air Development Center, United States Air Force. The schema enforces the distinction and it refused this entry once: a cas number and a cas_objet belong to the application species alone, so the description of the table is carried here in the note instead. LOT KOHL-15-B, WHY THESE NUMBERS STAY PROSE AND ARE NOT TYPED VALUES. The pair schema carries no field for a mechanical value: it has T_brasage_C, T_prise_C with its source and its motive, fenetre_brasage_C and jeu_um, and nothing that takes a strength with a unit, a method and a citation of its own. The catalogue of fillers does carry such a field, limite_elastique_MPa with limite_elastique_MPa_source, and the contradiction sub-schema of the rules carries the general shape, a sujet with an array of valeur, unite, source and portee. The form to propose is therefore that shape brought onto the pair, an array named valeurs_mecaniques whose entries would carry valeur, unite, methode, conditions and source, and which would let the three test columns of this table be read as three series rather than as one paragraph. Inventing it here would mean a schema field, a rendering surface and a refusal to hold it, none of which this lot was scoped for, so the numbers are served verbatim in this field and the form is written down rather than forced.", "provenance": "lot KOHL-15, book page 448, table 15.1 read at the page image at 190 dpi", "sources": [ "S-KOHL-CH15" ], "statut": "candidate", "valeurs_mecaniques": [ { "grandeur": "peel", "valeur": 2.5, "unite": "in.-lb", "methode": "peel test performed by stripping Kovar sheet brazed to test specimen", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 65 on AD-94, sintered at 1500 C", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" }, { "grandeur": "compression", "valeur": "> 4000", "unite": "lb", "methode": "compression test performed by applying pressure to rubber discs inserted above and below ceramic disk sealed at periphery into Kovar cylinder", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 65 on AD-94, sintered at 1500 C, specimen 1 of 3", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" }, { "grandeur": "compression", "valeur": "> 4000", "unite": "lb", "methode": "compression test performed by applying pressure to rubber discs inserted above and below ceramic disk sealed at periphery into Kovar cylinder", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 65 on AD-94, sintered at 1500 C, specimen 2 of 3", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" }, { "grandeur": "compression", "valeur": "> 4000", "unite": "lb", "methode": "compression test performed by applying pressure to rubber discs inserted above and below ceramic disk sealed at periphery into Kovar cylinder", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 65 on AD-94, sintered at 1500 C, specimen 3 of 3", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" }, { "grandeur": "tensile", "valeur": 28400, "unite": "psi", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 65 on AD-94, sintered at 1500 C, specimen 1 of 3", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" }, { "grandeur": "tensile", "valeur": 19350, "unite": "psi", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 65 on AD-94, sintered at 1500 C, specimen 2 of 3", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" }, { "grandeur": "tensile", "valeur": 16400, "unite": "psi", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 65 on AD-94, sintered at 1500 C, specimen 3 of 3", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" }, { "grandeur": "peel", "valeur": 2, "unite": "in.-lb", "methode": "peel test performed by stripping Kovar sheet brazed to test specimen", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 91 on AD-94, sintered at 1500 C", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" }, { "grandeur": "compression", "valeur": "> 4000", "unite": "lb", "methode": "compression test performed by applying pressure to rubber discs inserted above and below ceramic disk sealed at periphery into Kovar cylinder", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 91 on AD-94, sintered at 1500 C, specimen 1 of 3", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" }, { "grandeur": "compression", "valeur": "> 4000", "unite": "lb", "methode": "compression test performed by applying pressure to rubber discs inserted above and below ceramic disk sealed at periphery into Kovar cylinder", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 91 on AD-94, sintered at 1500 C, specimen 2 of 3", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" }, { "grandeur": "compression", "valeur": 3300, "unite": "lb", "methode": "compression test performed by applying pressure to rubber discs inserted above and below ceramic disk sealed at periphery into Kovar cylinder", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 91 on AD-94, sintered at 1500 C, specimen 3 of 3", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" }, { "grandeur": "tensile", "valeur": 15500, "unite": "psi", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 91 on AD-94, sintered at 1500 C, specimen 1 of 3", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" }, { "grandeur": "tensile", "valeur": 15700, "unite": "psi", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 91 on AD-94, sintered at 1500 C, specimen 2 of 3", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" }, { "grandeur": "tensile", "valeur": 14500, "unite": "psi", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 91 on AD-94, sintered at 1500 C, specimen 3 of 3", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" }, { "grandeur": "peel", "valeur": 4, "unite": "in.-lb", "methode": "peel test performed by stripping Kovar sheet brazed to test specimen", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 141 on AD-94, sintered at 1600 C", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" }, { "grandeur": "compression", "valeur": 3700, "unite": "lb", "methode": "compression test performed by applying pressure to rubber discs inserted above and below ceramic disk sealed at periphery into Kovar cylinder", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 141 on AD-94, sintered at 1600 C, specimen 1 of 3", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" }, { "grandeur": "compression", "valeur": 3400, "unite": "lb", "methode": "compression test performed by applying pressure to rubber discs inserted above and below ceramic disk sealed at periphery into Kovar cylinder", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 141 on AD-94, sintered at 1600 C, specimen 2 of 3", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" }, { "grandeur": "compression", "valeur": 3900, "unite": "lb", "methode": "compression test performed by applying pressure to rubber discs inserted above and below ceramic disk sealed at periphery into Kovar cylinder", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 141 on AD-94, sintered at 1600 C, specimen 3 of 3", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" }, { "grandeur": "tensile", "valeur": 12300, "unite": "psi", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 141 on AD-94, sintered at 1600 C, specimen 1 of 3", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" }, { "grandeur": "tensile", "valeur": 17900, "unite": "psi", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 141 on AD-94, sintered at 1600 C, specimen 2 of 3", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" }, { "grandeur": "tensile", "valeur": 16100, "unite": "psi", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 141 on AD-94, sintered at 1600 C, specimen 3 of 3", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" }, { "grandeur": "peel", "valeur": 2, "unite": "in.-lb", "methode": "peel test performed by stripping Kovar sheet brazed to test specimen", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 72 on AD-96, sintered at 1500 C", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" }, { "grandeur": "compression", "valeur": 3800, "unite": "lb", "methode": "compression test performed by applying pressure to rubber discs inserted above and below ceramic disk sealed at periphery into Kovar cylinder", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 72 on AD-96, sintered at 1500 C, specimen 1 of 3", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" }, { "grandeur": "compression", "valeur": 3600, "unite": "lb", "methode": "compression test performed by applying pressure to rubber discs inserted above and below ceramic disk sealed at periphery into Kovar cylinder", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 72 on AD-96, sintered at 1500 C, specimen 2 of 3", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" }, { "grandeur": "compression", "valeur": 4000, "unite": "lb", "methode": "compression test performed by applying pressure to rubber discs inserted above and below ceramic disk sealed at periphery into Kovar cylinder", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 72 on AD-96, sintered at 1500 C, specimen 3 of 3", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" }, { "grandeur": "tensile", "valeur": 9430, "unite": "psi", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 72 on AD-96, sintered at 1500 C, specimen 1 of 3", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" }, { "grandeur": "tensile", "valeur": 22000, "unite": "psi", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 72 on AD-96, sintered at 1500 C, specimen 2 of 3", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" }, { "grandeur": "tensile", "valeur": 16050, "unite": "psi", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 72 on AD-96, sintered at 1500 C, specimen 3 of 3", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" }, { "grandeur": "peel", "valeur": 2, "unite": "in.-lb", "methode": "peel test performed by stripping Kovar sheet brazed to test specimen", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 50 on AD-96, sintered at 1300 C", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" }, { "grandeur": "compression", "valeur": 2800, "unite": "lb", "methode": "compression test performed by applying pressure to rubber discs inserted above and below ceramic disk sealed at periphery into Kovar cylinder", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 50 on AD-96, sintered at 1300 C, specimen 1 of 3", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" }, { "grandeur": "compression", "valeur": 3000, "unite": "lb", "methode": "compression test performed by applying pressure to rubber discs inserted above and below ceramic disk sealed at periphery into Kovar cylinder", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 50 on AD-96, sintered at 1300 C, specimen 2 of 3", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" }, { "grandeur": "compression", "valeur": 3800, "unite": "lb", "methode": "compression test performed by applying pressure to rubber discs inserted above and below ceramic disk sealed at periphery into Kovar cylinder", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 50 on AD-96, sintered at 1300 C, specimen 3 of 3", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" }, { "grandeur": "tensile", "valeur": 15700, "unite": "psi", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 50 on AD-96, sintered at 1300 C, specimen 1 of 3", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" }, { "grandeur": "tensile", "valeur": 13200, "unite": "psi", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 50 on AD-96, sintered at 1300 C, specimen 2 of 3", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" }, { "grandeur": "tensile", "valeur": 10700, "unite": "psi", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 50 on AD-96, sintered at 1300 C, specimen 3 of 3", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" }, { "grandeur": "peel", "valeur": 2, "unite": "in.-lb", "methode": "peel test performed by stripping Kovar sheet brazed to test specimen", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 50 on AL-23, sintered at 1500 C", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" }, { "grandeur": "compression", "valeur": 2200, "unite": "lb", "methode": "compression test performed by applying pressure to rubber discs inserted above and below ceramic disk sealed at periphery into Kovar cylinder", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 50 on AL-23, sintered at 1500 C, specimen 1 of 3", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" }, { "grandeur": "compression", "valeur": 2300, "unite": "lb", "methode": "compression test performed by applying pressure to rubber discs inserted above and below ceramic disk sealed at periphery into Kovar cylinder", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 50 on AL-23, sintered at 1500 C, specimen 2 of 3", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" }, { "grandeur": "compression", "valeur": 1600, "unite": "lb", "methode": "compression test performed by applying pressure to rubber discs inserted above and below ceramic disk sealed at periphery into Kovar cylinder", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 50 on AL-23, sintered at 1500 C, specimen 3 of 3", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" }, { "grandeur": "tensile", "valeur": 14000, "unite": "psi", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 50 on AL-23, sintered at 1500 C, specimen 1 of 3", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" }, { "grandeur": "tensile", "valeur": 16100, "unite": "psi", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 50 on AL-23, sintered at 1500 C, specimen 2 of 3", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" }, { "grandeur": "tensile", "valeur": 15200, "unite": "psi", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 50 on AL-23, sintered at 1500 C, specimen 3 of 3", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" }, { "grandeur": "peel", "valeur": 2.75, "unite": "in.-lb", "methode": "peel test performed by stripping Kovar sheet brazed to test specimen", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 49 on AL-23, sintered at 1500 C", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" }, { "grandeur": "compression", "valeur": "> 4000", "unite": "lb", "methode": "compression test performed by applying pressure to rubber discs inserted above and below ceramic disk sealed at periphery into Kovar cylinder", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 49 on AL-23, sintered at 1500 C, specimen 1 of 3", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" }, { "grandeur": "compression", "valeur": 3500, "unite": "lb", "methode": "compression test performed by applying pressure to rubber discs inserted above and below ceramic disk sealed at periphery into Kovar cylinder", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 49 on AL-23, sintered at 1500 C, specimen 2 of 3", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" }, { "grandeur": "compression", "valeur": 1200, "unite": "lb", "methode": "compression test performed by applying pressure to rubber discs inserted above and below ceramic disk sealed at periphery into Kovar cylinder", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 49 on AL-23, sintered at 1500 C, specimen 3 of 3", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" }, { "grandeur": "tensile", "valeur": 11300, "unite": "psi", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 49 on AL-23, sintered at 1500 C, specimen 1 of 3", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" }, { "grandeur": "tensile", "valeur": 11600, "unite": "psi", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 49 on AL-23, sintered at 1500 C, specimen 2 of 3", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" }, { "grandeur": "tensile", "valeur": 16100, "unite": "psi", "conditions": "metallizing mixture 49 on AL-23, sintered at 1500 C, specimen 3 of 3", "porte_sur": "joint", "source": "S-KOHL-CH15" } ] } ], "joints": { "joints": [ { "id": "bout-a-bout", "nom": "butt", "description": "The two parts face each other, bond area equal to the section of the thinner part.", "verdict_etancheite": "to avoid for a pressure boundary", "verdict_structurel": "acceptable in limited tension, single thickness preserved", "regles": [ "Tensile strength limited by the section of the thinner member.", "Not recommended on thin sections.", "For a ceramic-to-metal seal: to avoid, otherwise the thinnest, most ductile metal available." ], "sources": [ "S-LM-JOINTS", "S-SD-OVERLAP", "S-SSG" ] }, { "id": "recouvrement", "nom": "lap", "description": "The two parts overlap, the load passes in shear.", "verdict_etancheite": "recommended", "verdict_structurel": "recommended, can match or exceed the base metal", "regles": [ "Overlap length of at least 3 times the thickness of the thinner member (2.5 times cited as the strength optimum in a second source).", "Excessive overlap raises the stress concentration at the joint ends.", "Introduces an alignment offset." ], "sources": [ "S-LM-JOINTS", "S-SD-OVERLAP" ] }, { "id": "manchon", "nom": "sleeve or telescopic", "description": "Tubular variant of the lap, one tube inside the other.", "verdict_etancheite": "recommended", "verdict_structurel": "recommended", "regles": [ "Same overlap rule as the lap.", "Favored for tubes and dissimilar metals, absorbs expansion mismatch better.", "Clearance is computed at brazing temperature, it closes or opens with the expansion of the two tubes." ], "sources": [ "S-LM-JOINTS", "S-STROPPA" ] }, { "id": "biseau", "nom": "scarf", "description": "Angled butt, bond area enlarged without offset.", "verdict_etancheite": "acceptable", "verdict_structurel": "recommended when alignment forbids the lap", "regles": [ "Enlarges the bond area and avoids a point stress concentration.", "Machining more demanding than the lap." ], "sources": [ "S-LM-JOINTS", "S-SD-OVERLAP" ] }, { "id": "en-t", "nom": "tee", "description": "One part perpendicular to the other, bonded by the fillet.", "verdict_etancheite": "not sourced", "verdict_structurel": "not sourced", "regles": [], "sources": [], "provenance": "no source read this pass" }, { "id": "coupelle-mince", "nom": "thin-wall cup or flange", "description": "Thinned outer metal member, dished or flat, that takes the expansion mismatch through its compliance.", "verdict_etancheite": "recommended for ceramic-to-metal", "verdict_structurel": "per wall thickness", "regles": [ "The outer member is of the thinnest section and the most ductile metal the design allows.", "0.25 mm (0.010 in) wall tubing to take up the mismatch around any pin larger than 1.5 mm (0.060 in).", "Dished Kovar disc to take the radial forces with metallisation. Flat Kovar flange required by active brazing, which demands better surface contact.", "3.2 mm inner lip left for brazing then ground off, position tolerance and braze surface both improved." ], "sources": [ "S-SSG", "S-NOVA" ] }, { "id": "brides-multiples", "nom": "multiple intermediate flanges", "description": "Several Kovar flanges in series between copper and alumina, the strain spreads over several sites.", "verdict_etancheite": "recommended when the gap is over budget", "verdict_structurel": "acceptable, bulk and thermal path degraded", "regles": [ "Copper-alumina mismatch cited: 0.012 in per in over 1000 C. Without a specific design the ceramic cracks on cooldown.", "The Kovar flanges take the strain. Heat flux through the Kovar stays small against the copper." ], "sources": [ "S-PAT-4656393" ] }, { "id": "compression", "nom": "compression seal (corset)", "description": "Outer rings that hold the ceramic-to-metal seal in slight compression at every temperature.", "verdict_etancheite": "recommended", "verdict_structurel": "recommended", "regles": [ "The ceramic sits in compression, never in tension.", "The metal bonded on the outer diameter of the ceramic expands more than the alumina.", "Industrial example: double corset, molybdenum inner ring and mild-steel outer ring, on a millimeter-wave window." ], "sources": [ "S-SSG", "S-PAT-6522226" ] }, { "id": "sandwich-usine", "nom": "sandwich machined after brazing", "description": "Two bars brazed face to face then machined from the solid. A large-area butt.", "verdict_etancheite": "not applicable, the joint carries no pressure boundary", "verdict_structurel": "to qualify per couple", "regles": [ "Falls under the butt rules: bond section equal to the bar section.", "Cycling endurance depends on the couple and the ductility of the softer member." ], "sources": [ "S-LM-JOINTS" ], "provenance": "deduced from the butt rules, no test read" } ], "regles_transverses": [ { "id": "G1", "regle": "Joint clearance 0.025 to 0.127 mm (0.001 to 0.005 in), slip fit, held at brazing temperature.", "sources": [ "S-LM-JOINTS", "S-HAYNES", "S-STROPPA" ] }, { "id": "G2", "regle": "Overlap of at least 3 times the thickness of the thinner member.", "sources": [ "S-LM-JOINTS", "S-SD-OVERLAP" ] }, { "id": "G3", "regle": "Ceramic in compression, never in tension. Outer member expanding more than alumina, thin, ductile.", "sources": [ "S-SSG", "S-PAT-6522226" ] }, { "id": "G4", "regle": "Pick the closest metal in expansion, Kovar for alumina. Nickel and nickel alloys accepted for their ductility.", "sources": [ "S-SSG", "S-NOVA" ] }, { "id": "G5", "regle": "Lap the ceramic ends before brazing to remove surface microcracks, the seeds of catastrophic cracking on cooldown.", "sources": [ "S-NOVA" ] }, { "id": "G6", "regle": "Consider step brazing of the sub-assemblies.", "sources": [ "S-SSG" ] }, { "id": "G7", "regle": "Solid pin brazed directly into a ceramic bore: 1.5 mm (0.060 in) maximum diameter. Beyond that, 0.25 mm wall tubing.", "sources": [ "S-SSG" ] }, { "id": "G8", "regle": "Metallisation stack read from one vendor: fired Mo-Mn 10 to 25 um, Ni 3 to 10 um, assembly leak stated below 1e-9 mbar.L/s.", "sources": [ "S-ADCERAX" ], "provenance": "commercial datasheet, stated value" }, { "id": "G9", "regle": "No closed volume between two fillets without a vent.", "sources": [], "provenance": "not sourced this pass, to be established" } ] }, "derived": { "methode": "Calcule au build depuis les courbes et les brasures du corpus. T_prise est le solidus de la brasure, eps est interpole lineairement entre les points derive de expansion-curves.json et jamais extrapole hors plage, delta_eps est leur ecart absolu en pourcent, orientation place a l exterieur le materiau dont eps est le plus haut a T_prise.", "seuils": { "appariee_max": 0.1, "budget_max": 0.4 }, "seuils_provenance": "seuils candidates, a sourcer", "classe_indeterminee": "Le drapeau limite_elastique_basse n existe pas dans The Matter et ne se derive pas. Toute paire dont l ecart tombe entre les deux seuils retombe donc en indeterminee.", "materiaux": { "copper-ofe": { "slug": "copper-ofe", "label": "copper OFE", "nature": "metal", "elements": [ "Cu" ], "elements_via": "element", "elements_motif": "Oxygen-free copper. The material is the element, and C10100 or C10200 says how pure rather than what of.", "element_principal": "Cu", "element_principal_motif": "The material is the element, so it is its own base." }, "stainless-316l": { "slug": "stainless-316ln", "label": "stainless 316L", "nature": "metal", "elements": [ "Fe", "Cr", "Ni", "Mo" ], "elements_via": "document", "elements_source": "S-CINDAS-STAINLESS", "elements_motif": "Read from a composition table, not from the name. The table gives, for AISI 316, chromium 16.00 to 18.00, nickel 10.00 to 14.00, molybdenum 2.00 to 3.00, iron balance. Those three are RANGES, so they are constituents. Carbon at 0.08, manganese at 2.00, silicon at 1.00, phosphorus at 0.045 and sulfur at 0.030 are all given as Maximum, and a ceiling is a limit on an impurity rather than a constituent. Same rule as the Kovar entry and same reason: written as an element, the carbon of a steel would meet the titanium of an active filler and the abacus would serve an interfacial carbide reaction that its document states for carbide ceramics.", "element_principal": "Fe", "element_principal_motif": "Iron, which the composition table gives as balance. The chromium, nickel and molybdenum are alloying additions. A statement about nickel-base or molybdenum alloys is not a statement about this steel." }, "beryllium": { "slug": "beryllium", "label": "beryllium", "nature": "metal", "elements": [ "Be" ], "elements_via": "element", "elements_motif": "The material is the element.", "element_principal": "Be", "element_principal_motif": "The material is the element, so it is its own base." }, "nickel-200": { "slug": "nickel-systems", "label": "nickel 200", "nature": "metal", "elements": [ "Ni" ], "elements_via": "element", "elements_motif": "Nickel 200 is commercially pure nickel. The material is the element.", "element_principal": "Ni", "element_principal_motif": "The material is the element, so it is its own base." }, "aluminum-6061": { "slug": "aluminum-6061", "label": "aluminum 6061", "nature": "metal", "elements": [ "Al" ], "elements_via": "libelle", "elements_motif": "Aluminium follows from the name of the alloy family. The alloying additions of the 6000 series, magnesium and silicon chiefly, are NOT written: 6061 does not spell them and no composition table for it was read for this lot. The register therefore holds what is certain and leaves the rest to a harvest.", "element_principal": "Al", "element_principal_motif": "Aluminium, the base of the 6000 series." }, "kovar": { "slug": "kovar", "label": "Kovar", "nature": "metal", "elements": [ "Fe", "Ni", "Co", "Mn", "Si" ], "elements_via": "document", "elements_source": "S-CARTECH-KOVAR", "elements_motif": "Read from a composition table, not from the name. The datasheet gives nickel 29.00, cobalt 17.00, manganese 0.30, silicon 0.20, iron balance, for UNS K94610. Iron is written although the table calls it balance: balance is a statement about the remainder, and here the remainder is more than half the alloy. CARBON IS NOT WRITTEN, and the rule that excludes it is the datasheet's own. The sheet states that single figures are nominal except where noted, and carbon is the one line noted Maximum, at 0.02 percent. An element given as a ceiling is a limit on an impurity, not a constituent of the alloy. The distinction is not cosmetic: written as an element, that 0.02 percent of carbon would meet the titanium of an active filler and the abacus would serve, on a Kovar ring, the interfacial carbide reaction that a document states for carbide CERAMICS.", "element_principal": "Fe", "element_principal_motif": "Iron, which the datasheet gives as balance. Nickel at 29 and cobalt at 17 percent are alloying additions, not the base, and the distinction decides which affinities apply: a document that states a binary for a nickel-BASE alloy does not state it for a Kovar." }, "titanium-grade-2": { "slug": "titanium", "label": "titanium grade 2", "nature": "metal", "elements": [ "Ti" ], "elements_via": "element", "elements_motif": "Grade 2 is commercially pure titanium. The material is the element.", "element_principal": "Ti", "element_principal_motif": "The material is the element, so it is its own base." }, "beo": { "slug": "beo", "label": "BeO", "nature": "ceramic", "elements": [ "Be", "O" ], "elements_via": "formule", "elements_motif": "Beryllia is BeO. The elements follow from the chemical name.", "element_principal": null, "element_principal_motif": "A compound has no base element in the sense an alloy has one: every element of its formula is constitutive. Null, and no affinity that a document states for an alloy base applies here." }, "alumina": { "slug": "alumina", "label": "alumina", "nature": "ceramic", "elements": [ "Al", "O" ], "elements_via": "formule", "elements_motif": "Alumina is Al2O3. The elements follow from the chemical name, not from a trade name.", "element_principal": null, "element_principal_motif": "A compound has no base element in the sense an alloy has one: every element of its formula is constitutive. Null, and no affinity that a document states for an alloy base applies here." }, "niobium": { "slug": "niobium", "label": "niobium", "nature": "metal", "elements": [ "Nb" ], "elements_via": "element", "elements_motif": "The material is the element. RRR 300 is a purity grade.", "element_principal": "Nb", "element_principal_motif": "The material is the element, so it is its own base." }, "tantalum": { "slug": "tantalum", "label": "tantalum", "nature": "metal", "elements": [ "Ta" ], "elements_via": "element", "elements_motif": "The material is the element.", "element_principal": "Ta", "element_principal_motif": "The material is the element, so it is its own base." }, "molybdenum": { "slug": "moly-tzm", "label": "molybdenum", "nature": "metal", "elements": [ "Mo" ], "elements_via": "element", "elements_motif": "The material is the element. The corpus card also covers TZM, whose titanium and zirconium additions are under one percent and are not written here.", "element_principal": "Mo", "element_principal_motif": "The material is the element, so it is its own base." }, "aln": { "slug": "aln-shapal", "label": "AlN", "nature": "ceramic", "elements": [ "Al", "N" ], "elements_via": "formule", "elements_motif": "Aluminium nitride is AlN. The elements follow from the chemical name. The corpus card also covers Shapal, a machinable AlN and BN composite whose boron is not written here.", "element_principal": null, "element_principal_motif": "A compound has no base element in the sense an alloy has one: every element of its formula is constitutive. Null, and no affinity that a document states for an alloy base applies here." }, "tungsten": { "slug": "tungsten", "label": "tungsten", "nature": "metal", "elements": [ "W" ], "elements_via": "element", "elements_motif": "The material is the element.", "element_principal": "W", "element_principal_motif": "The material is the element, so it is its own base." }, "schott-8250": { "slug": null, "label": "Schott 8250", "motif": "aucune carte du corpus ne porte la nuance 8250. silica-borosilicate porte Corning 7980 / Suprasil, Infrasil 301, Schott 8330 (Duran) et 7056 (Kodial), et son displayGrade est fused silica, dont le CTE est loin des verres de scellement. La nuance 7052 de la planche servie est absente elle aussi. Arbitrage du lot 02 : ne rien creer, declarer en bloqueur.", "nature": "glass", "elements": [], "elements_via": "absent", "elements_motif": "No card carries this glass and the corpus records it as a blocker since lot 02. A borosilicate sealing glass is a mixture of oxides whose proportions are the whole point, and naming the elements without a table would suggest a knowledge the corpus does not have.", "element_principal": null, "element_principal_motif": "No elements are known for this key, so no principal element either." }, "sapphire": { "slug": "sapphire", "label": "sapphire", "nature": "ceramic", "elements": [ "Al", "O" ], "elements_via": "formule", "elements_motif": "Sapphire is single-crystal Al2O3. Same elements as alumina, and the difference between them is crystalline, not chemical.", "element_principal": null, "element_principal_motif": "A compound has no base element in the sense an alloy has one: every element of its formula is constitutive. Null, and no affinity that a document states for an alloy base applies here." }, "sic": { "slug": "sic", "label": "SiC", "nature": "ceramic", "elements": [ "Si", "C" ], "elements_via": "formule", "elements_motif": "Silicon carbide is SiC. The elements follow from the chemical name.", "element_principal": null, "element_principal_motif": "A compound has no base element in the sense an alloy has one: every element of its formula is constitutive. Null, and no affinity that a document states for an alloy base applies here." }, "graphite": { "slug": "carbon-family", "label": "graphite", "nature": "carbon", "nature_motif": "Carbon, not a ceramic. The famille field of expansion-curves.json ranges it under ceramic, which is a shorthand this field does not repeat. It follows the same process route as a ceramic.", "elements": [ "C" ], "elements_via": "formule", "elements_motif": "Graphite, pyrolytic graphite and glassy carbon are all carbon. The element follows from the chemical name.", "element_principal": "C", "element_principal_motif": "The material is the element, so it is its own base." }, "diamond": { "slug": "cvd-diamond", "label": "diamond", "nature": "carbon", "nature_motif": "Carbon, not a ceramic, same remark as graphite. It follows the same process route as a ceramic.", "elements": [ "C" ], "elements_via": "formule", "elements_motif": "Diamond is carbon. The element follows from the chemical name.", "element_principal": "C", "element_principal_motif": "The material is the element, so it is its own base." }, "titanium": { "slug": null, "label": "Ti-6Al-4V (off the list of 19)", "motif": "Correctif R1-4 (audit brasage, dimension B) : le jeton apres decoupe de la paire sapphire--ti6al4v--agcuti resolvait inconnu, la paire sourcee etait donc invisible dans les menus de l'abaque. Ti-6Al-4V est un alliage alpha-beta distinct de titanium-grade-2 (titane commercialement pur) ailleurs dans cette table : pas d'alias vers cette cle, ce serait confondre deux alliages differents. Aucune carte The Matter, aucune courbe de dilatation sourcee pour cet alliage precis.", "nature": "metal", "nature_motif": "Ti-6Al-4V, off the list of 19 and without a card, but a metal by composition.", "elements": [ "Ti", "Al", "V" ], "elements_via": "libelle", "elements_motif": "The corpus label is Ti-6Al-4V, which spells its three elements and their fractions. Same reading as CuCrZr, same reservation: a designation is not a table. The local Donachie datasheets that would carry the table are image-only and have no text layer.", "element_principal": "Ti", "element_principal_motif": "Titanium, the base of Ti-6Al-4V. The 6 percent aluminium and 4 percent vanadium are alloying additions." }, "viewport metal": { "slug": null, "label": "viewport metal (unspecified)", "motif": "Correctif R1-4 (audit brasage, dimension B) : la paire sapphire--metal-hublot--ag-cu-in-ti nomme un metal de monture sans le preciser (source muette sur ce point). Cle ajoutee pour rendre la paire sourcee atteignable dans les menus malgre l'absence de nom de materiau exploitable. Aucune carte The Matter, aucune courbe de dilatation possible sans savoir de quel metal il s'agit.", "nature_motif": "The grade is unspecified, but the label names a metal.", "nature": "metal", "elements": [], "elements_via": "absent", "elements_motif": "The source names a mounting metal without specifying it. A metal whose grade is unknown has no elements that can be written.", "element_principal": null, "element_principal_motif": "No elements are known for this key, so no principal element either." }, "refractories": { "slug": null, "label": "refractories (unspecified)", "motif": "Correctif R1-4 (audit brasage, dimension B) : un des six materiaux B de la paire graphite-diamond-carbures--metaux--ticusil, cite par la fiche fabricant Ticusil comme famille de base sans nuance precisee. Cle ajoutee pour ne pas laisser ce seul jeton bloquer la resolution des cinq autres (copper-ofe, kovar, nickel-200, stainless-316l, titanium-grade-2), deja valides. Aucune carte The Matter, aucune courbe de dilatation.", "nature_motif": "The corpus does not say which refractory. The label is refractories (unspecified), and a refractory can be a metal or an oxide, so the nature is not knowable from what is written.", "elements": [], "elements_via": "absent", "elements_motif": "The source names the family without a nuance. A refractory can be a metal or an oxide, so neither its nature nor its elements are knowable from what is written.", "element_principal": null, "element_principal_motif": "No elements are known for this key, so no principal element either." }, "CuCrZr": { "slug": null, "label": "CuCrZr (copper-chromium-zirconium)", "motif": "Correctif R1-4 (audit brasage, dimension B) : cite hors liste des 19 par tungsten--cucrzr--cu-tih2-ni et tungsten--cu-ofe--cucrzr--diffusion, les deux paires sourcees du couple W/Cu que l'audit avait trouvees totalement inatteignables. Alliage de cuivre distinct de copper-ofe : pas d'alias, cle propre. Aucune carte The Matter, aucune courbe de dilatation sourcee pour cet alliage precis.", "nature": "metal", "nature_motif": "Copper-chromium-zirconium, without a card, but a metal by composition.", "elements": [ "Cu", "Cr", "Zr" ], "elements_via": "libelle", "elements_motif": "The corpus label is CuCrZr (copper-chromium-zirconium), which spells its three elements. This is a compositional designation and not a trade name, so reading it is not the deduction that lot PROCEDE-1 forbids for fillers. It remains weaker than a table, and the abacus says so by serving the provenance with the elements.", "element_principal": "Cu", "element_principal_motif": "Copper, which the compositional designation names first and which the alloy is made of. Chromium and zirconium are precipitation-hardening additions under one percent." }, "copper": { "slug": null, "label": "copper, grade not stated by the source", "motif": "Lot COPPER-1, sur le modele exact du correctif R1-4 qui a fait entrer titanium a cote de titanium-grade-2. Quatre sources ecrivent copper sans dire l'oxygene, et la regle de nuance interdit de les rattacher a copper-ofe par ressemblance : le jeton resolvait inconnu et ces paires sourcees etaient invisibles dans les menus. Pas d'alias vers copper-ofe, ce serait affirmer une absence d'oxygene qu'aucun des quatre documents n'imprime. Aucune carte The Matter, aucune courbe de dilatation sourcee : il n'en existe pas pour du cuivre dont le grade n'est pas dit, et emprunter celle de copper-ofe ferait servir une valeur sous une cle qui ne l'a pas.", "nature": "metal", "nature_motif": "Copper without a stated grade, off the list of 19 and without a card, but a metal by composition.", "elements": [ "Cu" ], "elements_via": "element", "elements_motif": "The sources write copper and nothing else, so the material is read as the element. What they do NOT write is the oxygen content, and that is what separates this key from copper-ofe rather than any difference of element.", "element_principal": "Cu", "element_principal_motif": "The material is the element, so it is its own base." } }, "bases_lexique": { "Kovar": { "materiaux": [ "kovar" ] }, "cuivre": { "materiaux": [ "copper-ofe" ] }, "nickel": { "materiaux": [ "nickel-200" ] }, "inox": { "materiaux": [ "stainless-316l" ] }, "titane": { "materiaux": [ "titanium-grade-2" ] }, "graphite": { "materiaux": [ "graphite" ] }, "diamant": { "materiaux": [ "diamond" ] }, "saphir sans metallisation": { "materiaux": [ "sapphire" ] }, "ceramiques": { "materiaux": [ "alumina", "beo", "aln", "sic" ], "collectif": true, "motif": "libelle collectif, developpe aux quatre ceramiques frittees des 19. sapphire et schott-8250 sont exclus : un monocristal et un verre ne sont pas des ceramiques frittees, et le corpus les nomme separement quand il les vise" }, "ceramique metallisee": { "materiaux": [ "alumina", "beo", "aln" ], "collectif": true, "motif": "la metallisation Mo-Mn vise les oxydes et le nitrure du corpus. sic n'est pas cite metallise dans les paires lues" }, "metaux refractaires": { "materiaux": [ "molybdenum", "tungsten", "tantalum", "niobium" ], "collectif": true, "motif": "libelle collectif, developpe aux quatre refractaires des 19" }, "aciers": { "materiaux": [ "stainless-316l" ], "collectif": true, "motif": "des 19, seul l'inox est un acier. Les aciers carbone et outils que la fiche vise aussi sont hors des 19" }, "acier carbone/faiblement allie": { "materiaux": [], "hors_liste": true, "motif": "aucun acier carbone ni faiblement allie ne figure parmi les 19" }, "aciers carbone et outils": { "materiaux": [], "hors_liste": true, "motif": "aucun acier carbone ni a outils ne figure parmi les 19" }, "carbure de tungstene": { "materiaux": [], "hors_liste": true, "motif": "le carbure de tungstene est un cermet, distinct du tungstene metal de la liste des 19. Le confondre avec tungsten serait une erreur de materiau" }, "superalliages Ni": { "materiaux": [], "hors_liste": true, "motif": "les superalliages base nickel sont distincts du nickel 200 des 19. La carte nickel-systems du corpus ne les porte pas non plus" } }, "pairs": [ { "id": "alumina--kovar--ag-cu-72-28", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "alumina" ], "resolus": [ "alumina" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "kovar" ], "resolus": [ "kovar" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": "ag-cu-72-28", "alternatives": [], "ids": [ "ag-cu-72-28" ], "texte": null }, "combinaisons": [ { "A": "alumina", "B": "kovar", "brasure": "ag-cu-72-28", "T_prise_C": 780, "delta_eps_pct": 0.27715999999999996, "orientation": { "exterieur": "kovar", "interieur": "alumina", "eps_exterieur": 0.77076, "eps_interieur": 0.49360000000000004 }, "classe": "indeterminee" } ], "absences": [] }, { "id": "alumina--kovar--ag-cu-ti-ticusil", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "alumina" ], "resolus": [ "alumina" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "kovar" ], "resolus": [ "kovar" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": "ag-cu-ti-ticusil", "alternatives": [], "ids": [ "ag-cu-ti-ticusil" ], "texte": null }, "combinaisons": [ { "A": "alumina", "B": "kovar", "brasure": "ag-cu-ti-ticusil", "T_prise_C": 780, "delta_eps_pct": 0.27715999999999996, "orientation": { "exterieur": "kovar", "interieur": "alumina", "eps_exterieur": 0.77076, "eps_interieur": 0.49360000000000004 }, "classe": "indeterminee" } ], "absences": [] }, { "id": "alumina--niobium--direct", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "alumina" ], "resolus": [ "alumina" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "niobium" ], "resolus": [ "niobium" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": "cu-pur-bcu-1", "alternatives": [], "ids": [ "cu-pur-bcu-1" ], "texte": null }, "combinaisons": [ { "A": "alumina", "B": "niobium", "brasure": "cu-pur-bcu-1", "T_prise_C": 1084.62, "delta_eps_pct": 0.031565850000000006, "orientation": { "exterieur": "alumina", "interieur": "niobium", "eps_exterieur": 0.90977, "eps_interieur": 0.87820415 }, "classe": "appariee" } ], "absences": [] }, { "id": "sapphire--niobium--direct", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "sapphire" ], "resolus": [ "sapphire" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "niobium" ], "resolus": [ "niobium" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": "cu-pur-bcu-1", "alternatives": [], "ids": [ "cu-pur-bcu-1" ], "texte": null }, "combinaisons": [ { "A": "sapphire", "B": "niobium", "brasure": "cu-pur-bcu-1", "T_prise_C": 1084.62, "delta_eps_pct": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion of side A absent: 1084.62 °C is outside the range of sapphire (20 to 1017 °C), never extrapolated" }, "orientation": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion of side A absent: 1084.62 °C is outside the range of sapphire (20 to 1017 °C), never extrapolated" }, "classe": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion gap absent: expansion of side A absent: 1084.62 °C is outside the range of sapphire (20 to 1017 °C), never extrapolated" } } ], "absences": [] }, { "id": "alumina--copper-ofe--metallise", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "alumina" ], "resolus": [ "alumina" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "copper-ofe" ], "resolus": [ "copper-ofe" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": "ag-cu-72-28", "alternatives": [], "ids": [ "ag-cu-72-28" ], "texte": null }, "combinaisons": [ { "A": "alumina", "B": "copper-ofe", "brasure": "ag-cu-72-28", "T_prise_C": 780, "delta_eps_pct": 0.8986520547945205, "orientation": { "exterieur": "copper-ofe", "interieur": "alumina", "eps_exterieur": 1.3922520547945205, "eps_interieur": 0.49360000000000004 }, "classe": "hors_budget" } ], "absences": [] }, { "id": "alumina--stainless--metallise", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "alumina" ], "resolus": [ "alumina" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "stainless-316l" ], "resolus": [ "stainless-316l" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": "ag-cu-pd-palcusil-15", "alternatives": [], "ids": [ "ag-cu-pd-palcusil-15" ], "texte": null }, "combinaisons": [ { "A": "alumina", "B": "stainless-316l", "brasure": "ag-cu-pd-palcusil-15", "T_prise_C": 850, "delta_eps_pct": 1.1041094594594596, "orientation": { "exterieur": "stainless-316l", "interieur": "alumina", "eps_exterieur": 1.6509094594594595, "eps_interieur": 0.5468000000000001 }, "classe": "hors_budget" } ], "absences": [] }, { "id": "alumina--titanium--metallise", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "alumina" ], "resolus": [ "alumina" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "titanium-grade-2" ], "resolus": [ "titanium-grade-2" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": "ag-cu-72-28", "alternatives": [], "ids": [ "ag-cu-72-28" ], "texte": null }, "combinaisons": [ { "A": "alumina", "B": "titanium-grade-2", "brasure": "ag-cu-72-28", "T_prise_C": 780, "delta_eps_pct": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion of side B absent: 780 °C is outside the range of titanium-grade-2 (20 to 700 °C), never extrapolated" }, "orientation": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion of side B absent: 780 °C is outside the range of titanium-grade-2 (20 to 700 °C), never extrapolated" }, "classe": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion gap absent: expansion of side B absent: 780 °C is outside the range of titanium-grade-2 (20 to 700 °C), never extrapolated" } } ], "absences": [] }, { "id": "sapphire--ti6al4v--agcuti", "statut": "candidate", "hors_liste": true, "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "sapphire" ], "resolus": [ "sapphire" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "titanium" ], "resolus": [ "titanium" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [ "titanium" ] } }, "brasures": { "principale": null, "alternatives": [], "ids": [], "texte": "Ag-Cu-Ti structured foil, liquidus 790 C" }, "combinaisons": [], "absences": [ "the source describes the filler without naming it: \"Ag-Cu-Ti structured foil, liquidus 790 C\"", "titanium: Correctif R1-4 (audit brasage, dimension B) : le jeton apres decoupe de la paire sapphire--ti6al4v--agcuti resolvait inconnu, la paire sourcee etait donc invisible dans les menus de l'abaque. Ti-6Al-4V est un alliage alpha-beta distinct de titanium-grade-2 (titane commercialement pur) ailleurs dans cette table : pas d'alias vers cette cle, ce serait confondre deux alliages differents. Aucune carte The Matter, aucune courbe de dilatation sourcee pour cet alliage precis." ] }, { "id": "sapphire--metal-hublot--ag-cu-in-ti", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "sapphire" ], "resolus": [ "sapphire" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "kovar" ], "resolus": [ "kovar" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": "ag-cu-in-ti-incusil-aba", "alternatives": [], "ids": [ "ag-cu-in-ti-incusil-aba" ], "texte": null }, "combinaisons": [ { "A": "sapphire", "B": "kovar", "brasure": "ag-cu-in-ti-incusil-aba", "T_prise_C": 605, "delta_eps_pct": 0.03869599999999995, "orientation": { "exterieur": "kovar", "interieur": "sapphire", "eps_exterieur": 0.46443999999999996, "eps_interieur": 0.425744 }, "classe": "appariee" } ], "absences": [] }, { "id": "ceramique-metallisee--cu-ni-kovar--incusil", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "alumina" ], "resolus": [ "alumina" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "copper-ofe", "nickel-200", "kovar" ], "resolus": [ "copper-ofe", "nickel-200", "kovar" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": "ag-cu-in-incusil-15", "alternatives": [], "ids": [ "ag-cu-in-incusil-15" ], "texte": null }, "combinaisons": [ { "A": "alumina", "B": "copper-ofe", "brasure": "ag-cu-in-incusil-15", "T_prise_C": 605, "delta_eps_pct": 0.668944094488189, "orientation": { "exterieur": "copper-ofe", "interieur": "alumina", "eps_exterieur": 1.029544094488189, "eps_interieur": 0.36060000000000003 }, "classe": "hors_budget" }, { "A": "alumina", "B": "nickel-200", "brasure": "ag-cu-in-incusil-15", "T_prise_C": 605, "delta_eps_pct": 0.54697, "orientation": { "exterieur": "nickel-200", "interieur": "alumina", "eps_exterieur": 0.90757, "eps_interieur": 0.36060000000000003 }, "classe": "hors_budget" }, { "A": "alumina", "B": "kovar", "brasure": "ag-cu-in-incusil-15", "T_prise_C": 605, "delta_eps_pct": 0.10383999999999993, "orientation": { "exterieur": "kovar", "interieur": "alumina", "eps_exterieur": 0.46443999999999996, "eps_interieur": 0.36060000000000003 }, "classe": "indeterminee" } ], "absences": [] }, { "id": "graphite-diamond-carbures--metaux--ticusil", "statut": "candidate", "hors_liste": true, "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "graphite", "diamond", "sic", "aln" ], "resolus": [ "graphite", "diamond", "sic", "aln" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "copper-ofe", "kovar", "nickel-200", "stainless-316l", "titanium-grade-2", "refractories" ], "resolus": [ "copper-ofe", "kovar", "nickel-200", "stainless-316l", "titanium-grade-2", "refractories" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [ "refractories" ] } }, "brasures": { "principale": "ag-cu-ti-ticusil", "alternatives": [], "ids": [ "ag-cu-ti-ticusil" ], "texte": null }, "combinaisons": [ { "A": "graphite", "B": "copper-ofe", "brasure": "ag-cu-ti-ticusil", "T_prise_C": 780, "delta_eps_pct": 1.0407720547945205, "orientation": { "exterieur": "copper-ofe", "interieur": "graphite", "eps_exterieur": 1.3922520547945205, "eps_interieur": 0.35148 }, "classe": "hors_budget" }, { "A": "graphite", "B": "kovar", "brasure": "ag-cu-ti-ticusil", "T_prise_C": 780, "delta_eps_pct": 0.41928, "orientation": { "exterieur": "kovar", "interieur": "graphite", "eps_exterieur": 0.77076, "eps_interieur": 0.35148 }, "classe": "hors_budget" }, { "A": "graphite", "B": "nickel-200", "brasure": "ag-cu-ti-ticusil", "T_prise_C": 780, "delta_eps_pct": 0.8740000000000001, "orientation": { "exterieur": "nickel-200", "interieur": "graphite", "eps_exterieur": 1.2254800000000001, "eps_interieur": 0.35148 }, "classe": "hors_budget" }, { "A": "graphite", "B": "stainless-316l", "brasure": "ag-cu-ti-ticusil", "T_prise_C": 780, "delta_eps_pct": 1.1314609909909912, "orientation": { "exterieur": "stainless-316l", "interieur": "graphite", "eps_exterieur": 1.4829409909909912, "eps_interieur": 0.35148 }, "classe": "hors_budget" }, { "A": "graphite", "B": "titanium-grade-2", "brasure": "ag-cu-ti-ticusil", "T_prise_C": 780, "delta_eps_pct": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion of side B absent: 780 °C is outside the range of titanium-grade-2 (20 to 700 °C), never extrapolated" }, "orientation": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion of side B absent: 780 °C is outside the range of titanium-grade-2 (20 to 700 °C), never extrapolated" }, "classe": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion gap absent: expansion of side B absent: 780 °C is outside the range of titanium-grade-2 (20 to 700 °C), never extrapolated" } }, { "A": "graphite", "B": "refractories", "brasure": "ag-cu-ti-ticusil", "T_prise_C": 780, "delta_eps_pct": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion of side B absent: material not in the curve set" }, "orientation": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion of side B absent: material not in the curve set" }, "classe": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion gap absent: expansion of side B absent: material not in the curve set" } }, { "A": "diamond", "B": "copper-ofe", "brasure": "ag-cu-ti-ticusil", "T_prise_C": 780, "delta_eps_pct": 1.1512720547945205, "orientation": { "exterieur": "copper-ofe", "interieur": "diamond", "eps_exterieur": 1.3922520547945205, "eps_interieur": 0.24098 }, "classe": "hors_budget" }, { "A": "diamond", "B": "kovar", "brasure": "ag-cu-ti-ticusil", "T_prise_C": 780, "delta_eps_pct": 0.52978, "orientation": { "exterieur": "kovar", "interieur": "diamond", "eps_exterieur": 0.77076, "eps_interieur": 0.24098 }, "classe": "hors_budget" }, { "A": "diamond", "B": "nickel-200", "brasure": "ag-cu-ti-ticusil", "T_prise_C": 780, "delta_eps_pct": 0.9845000000000002, "orientation": { "exterieur": "nickel-200", "interieur": "diamond", "eps_exterieur": 1.2254800000000001, "eps_interieur": 0.24098 }, "classe": "hors_budget" }, { "A": "diamond", "B": "stainless-316l", "brasure": "ag-cu-ti-ticusil", "T_prise_C": 780, "delta_eps_pct": 1.2419609909909912, "orientation": { "exterieur": "stainless-316l", "interieur": "diamond", "eps_exterieur": 1.4829409909909912, "eps_interieur": 0.24098 }, "classe": "hors_budget" }, { "A": "diamond", "B": "titanium-grade-2", "brasure": "ag-cu-ti-ticusil", "T_prise_C": 780, "delta_eps_pct": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion of side B absent: 780 °C is outside the range of titanium-grade-2 (20 to 700 °C), never extrapolated" }, "orientation": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion of side B absent: 780 °C is outside the range of titanium-grade-2 (20 to 700 °C), never extrapolated" }, "classe": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion gap absent: expansion of side B absent: 780 °C is outside the range of titanium-grade-2 (20 to 700 °C), never extrapolated" } }, { "A": "diamond", "B": "refractories", "brasure": "ag-cu-ti-ticusil", "T_prise_C": 780, "delta_eps_pct": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion of side B absent: material not in the curve set" }, "orientation": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion of side B absent: material not in the curve set" }, "classe": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion gap absent: expansion of side B absent: material not in the curve set" } }, { "A": "sic", "B": "copper-ofe", "brasure": "ag-cu-ti-ticusil", "T_prise_C": 780, "delta_eps_pct": 1.0441720547945206, "orientation": { "exterieur": "copper-ofe", "interieur": "sic", "eps_exterieur": 1.3922520547945205, "eps_interieur": 0.34808 }, "classe": "hors_budget" }, { "A": "sic", "B": "kovar", "brasure": "ag-cu-ti-ticusil", "T_prise_C": 780, "delta_eps_pct": 0.42268, "orientation": { "exterieur": "kovar", "interieur": "sic", "eps_exterieur": 0.77076, "eps_interieur": 0.34808 }, "classe": "hors_budget" }, { "A": "sic", "B": "nickel-200", "brasure": "ag-cu-ti-ticusil", "T_prise_C": 780, "delta_eps_pct": 0.8774000000000002, "orientation": { "exterieur": "nickel-200", "interieur": "sic", "eps_exterieur": 1.2254800000000001, "eps_interieur": 0.34808 }, "classe": "hors_budget" }, { "A": "sic", "B": "stainless-316l", "brasure": "ag-cu-ti-ticusil", "T_prise_C": 780, "delta_eps_pct": 1.1348609909909912, "orientation": { "exterieur": "stainless-316l", "interieur": "sic", "eps_exterieur": 1.4829409909909912, "eps_interieur": 0.34808 }, "classe": "hors_budget" }, { "A": "sic", "B": "titanium-grade-2", "brasure": "ag-cu-ti-ticusil", "T_prise_C": 780, "delta_eps_pct": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion of side B absent: 780 °C is outside the range of titanium-grade-2 (20 to 700 °C), never extrapolated" }, "orientation": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion of side B absent: 780 °C is outside the range of titanium-grade-2 (20 to 700 °C), never extrapolated" }, "classe": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion gap absent: expansion of side B absent: 780 °C is outside the range of titanium-grade-2 (20 to 700 °C), never extrapolated" } }, { "A": "sic", "B": "refractories", "brasure": "ag-cu-ti-ticusil", "T_prise_C": 780, "delta_eps_pct": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion of side B absent: material not in the curve set" }, "orientation": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion of side B absent: material not in the curve set" }, "classe": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion gap absent: expansion of side B absent: material not in the curve set" } }, { "A": "aln", "B": "copper-ofe", "brasure": "ag-cu-ti-ticusil", "T_prise_C": 780, "delta_eps_pct": 0.9742520547945205, "orientation": { "exterieur": "copper-ofe", "interieur": "aln", "eps_exterieur": 1.3922520547945205, "eps_interieur": 0.41800000000000004 }, "classe": "hors_budget" }, { "A": "aln", "B": "kovar", "brasure": "ag-cu-ti-ticusil", "T_prise_C": 780, "delta_eps_pct": 0.35275999999999996, "orientation": { "exterieur": "kovar", "interieur": "aln", "eps_exterieur": 0.77076, "eps_interieur": 0.41800000000000004 }, "classe": "indeterminee" }, { "A": "aln", "B": "nickel-200", "brasure": "ag-cu-ti-ticusil", "T_prise_C": 780, "delta_eps_pct": 0.8074800000000001, "orientation": { "exterieur": "nickel-200", "interieur": "aln", "eps_exterieur": 1.2254800000000001, "eps_interieur": 0.41800000000000004 }, "classe": "hors_budget" }, { "A": "aln", "B": "stainless-316l", "brasure": "ag-cu-ti-ticusil", "T_prise_C": 780, "delta_eps_pct": 1.064940990990991, "orientation": { "exterieur": "stainless-316l", "interieur": "aln", "eps_exterieur": 1.4829409909909912, "eps_interieur": 0.41800000000000004 }, "classe": "hors_budget" }, { "A": "aln", "B": "titanium-grade-2", "brasure": "ag-cu-ti-ticusil", "T_prise_C": 780, "delta_eps_pct": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion of side B absent: 780 °C is outside the range of titanium-grade-2 (20 to 700 °C), never extrapolated" }, "orientation": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion of side B absent: 780 °C is outside the range of titanium-grade-2 (20 to 700 °C), never extrapolated" }, "classe": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion gap absent: expansion of side B absent: 780 °C is outside the range of titanium-grade-2 (20 to 700 °C), never extrapolated" } }, { "A": "aln", "B": "refractories", "brasure": "ag-cu-ti-ticusil", "T_prise_C": 780, "delta_eps_pct": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion of side B absent: material not in the curve set" }, "orientation": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion of side B absent: material not in the curve set" }, "classe": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion gap absent: expansion of side B absent: material not in the curve set" } } ], "absences": [ "refractories: Correctif R1-4 (audit brasage, dimension B) : un des six materiaux B de la paire graphite-diamond-carbures--metaux--ticusil, cite par la fiche fabricant Ticusil comme famille de base sans nuance precisee. Cle ajoutee pour ne pas laisser ce seul jeton bloquer la resolution des cinq autres (copper-ofe, kovar, nickel-200, stainless-316l, titanium-grade-2), deja valides. Aucune carte The Matter, aucune courbe de dilatation." ] }, { "id": "stainless-316ln--niobium--cu-pur", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "stainless-316l" ], "resolus": [ "stainless-316l" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "niobium" ], "resolus": [ "niobium" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": "cu-pur-bcu-1", "alternatives": [], "ids": [ "cu-pur-bcu-1" ], "texte": null }, "combinaisons": [ { "A": "stainless-316l", "B": "niobium", "brasure": "cu-pur-bcu-1", "T_prise_C": 1084.62, "delta_eps_pct": 1.2224236499999999, "orientation": { "exterieur": "stainless-316l", "interieur": "niobium", "eps_exterieur": 2.1006278, "eps_interieur": 0.87820415 }, "classe": "hors_budget" } ], "absences": [] }, { "id": "copper-ofe--copper-ofe--vide", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "copper-ofe" ], "resolus": [ "copper-ofe" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "copper-ofe" ], "resolus": [ "copper-ofe" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": null, "alternatives": [], "ids": [], "texte": "not stated in the abstract" }, "combinaisons": [], "absences": [ "the source describes the filler without naming it: \"not stated in the abstract\"" ] }, { "id": "stainless--copper-ofe--manchon", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "stainless-316l" ], "resolus": [ "stainless-316l" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "copper-ofe" ], "resolus": [ "copper-ofe" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": null, "alternatives": [], "ids": [], "texte": "not stated in the abstract" }, "combinaisons": [], "absences": [ "the source describes the filler without naming it: \"not stated in the abstract\"" ] }, { "id": "kovar--copper-ofe--ag-cu", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "kovar" ], "resolus": [ "kovar" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "copper-ofe" ], "resolus": [ "copper-ofe" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": "ag-cu-72-28", "alternatives": [ "au-ni-82-18", "ag-cu-pd-palcusil-15" ], "ids": [ "ag-cu-72-28", "au-ni-82-18", "ag-cu-pd-palcusil-15" ], "texte": null }, "combinaisons": [ { "A": "kovar", "B": "copper-ofe", "brasure": "ag-cu-72-28", "T_prise_C": 780, "delta_eps_pct": 0.6214920547945205, "orientation": { "exterieur": "copper-ofe", "interieur": "kovar", "eps_exterieur": 1.3922520547945205, "eps_interieur": 0.77076 }, "classe": "hors_budget" }, { "A": "kovar", "B": "copper-ofe", "brasure": "au-ni-82-18", "T_prise_C": 955, "delta_eps_pct": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion absent on both sides. Side A, 955 °C is outside the range of kovar (20 to 900 °C), never extrapolated. Side B, 955 °C is outside the range of copper-ofe (20 to 927 °C), never extrapolated" }, "orientation": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion absent on both sides. Side A, 955 °C is outside the range of kovar (20 to 900 °C), never extrapolated. Side B, 955 °C is outside the range of copper-ofe (20 to 927 °C), never extrapolated" }, "classe": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion gap absent: expansion absent on both sides. Side A, 955 °C is outside the range of kovar (20 to 900 °C), never extrapolated. Side B, 955 °C is outside the range of copper-ofe (20 to 927 °C), never extrapolated" } }, { "A": "kovar", "B": "copper-ofe", "brasure": "ag-cu-pd-palcusil-15", "T_prise_C": 850, "delta_eps_pct": 0.6391224409448819, "orientation": { "exterieur": "copper-ofe", "interieur": "kovar", "eps_exterieur": 1.545272440944882, "eps_interieur": 0.90615 }, "classe": "hors_budget" } ], "absences": [] }, { "id": "kovar--stainless--au-ni", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "kovar" ], "resolus": [ "kovar" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "stainless-316l" ], "resolus": [ "stainless-316l" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": "au-ni-82-18", "alternatives": [ "ag-cu-pd-palcusil-15" ], "ids": [ "au-ni-82-18", "ag-cu-pd-palcusil-15" ], "texte": null }, "combinaisons": [ { "A": "kovar", "B": "stainless-316l", "brasure": "au-ni-82-18", "T_prise_C": 955, "delta_eps_pct": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion of side A absent: 955 °C is outside the range of kovar (20 to 900 °C), never extrapolated" }, "orientation": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion of side A absent: 955 °C is outside the range of kovar (20 to 900 °C), never extrapolated" }, "classe": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion gap absent: expansion of side A absent: 955 °C is outside the range of kovar (20 to 900 °C), never extrapolated" } }, { "A": "kovar", "B": "stainless-316l", "brasure": "ag-cu-pd-palcusil-15", "T_prise_C": 850, "delta_eps_pct": 0.7447594594594595, "orientation": { "exterieur": "stainless-316l", "interieur": "kovar", "eps_exterieur": 1.6509094594594595, "eps_interieur": 0.90615 }, "classe": "hors_budget" } ], "absences": [] }, { "id": "nickel--refractaires--palco", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "nickel-200" ], "resolus": [ "nickel-200" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "molybdenum", "tungsten", "tantalum", "niobium" ], "resolus": [ "molybdenum", "tungsten", "tantalum", "niobium" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": "pd-co-palco", "alternatives": [], "ids": [ "pd-co-palco" ], "texte": null }, "combinaisons": [ { "A": "nickel-200", "B": "molybdenum", "brasure": "pd-co-palco", "T_prise_C": 1219, "delta_eps_pct": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion absent on both sides. Side A, 1219 °C is outside the range of nickel-200 (20 to 1000 °C), never extrapolated. Side B, 1219 °C is outside the range of molybdenum (20 to 1000 °C), never extrapolated" }, "orientation": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion absent on both sides. Side A, 1219 °C is outside the range of nickel-200 (20 to 1000 °C), never extrapolated. Side B, 1219 °C is outside the range of molybdenum (20 to 1000 °C), never extrapolated" }, "classe": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion gap absent: expansion absent on both sides. Side A, 1219 °C is outside the range of nickel-200 (20 to 1000 °C), never extrapolated. Side B, 1219 °C is outside the range of molybdenum (20 to 1000 °C), never extrapolated" } }, { "A": "nickel-200", "B": "tungsten", "brasure": "pd-co-palco", "T_prise_C": 1219, "delta_eps_pct": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion absent on both sides. Side A, 1219 °C is outside the range of nickel-200 (20 to 1000 °C), never extrapolated. Side B, 1219 °C is outside the range of tungsten (20 to 1000 °C), never extrapolated" }, "orientation": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion absent on both sides. Side A, 1219 °C is outside the range of nickel-200 (20 to 1000 °C), never extrapolated. Side B, 1219 °C is outside the range of tungsten (20 to 1000 °C), never extrapolated" }, "classe": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion gap absent: expansion absent on both sides. Side A, 1219 °C is outside the range of nickel-200 (20 to 1000 °C), never extrapolated. Side B, 1219 °C is outside the range of tungsten (20 to 1000 °C), never extrapolated" } }, { "A": "nickel-200", "B": "tantalum", "brasure": "pd-co-palco", "T_prise_C": 1219, "delta_eps_pct": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion absent on both sides. Side A, 1219 °C is outside the range of nickel-200 (20 to 1000 °C), never extrapolated. Side B, 1219 °C is outside the range of tantalum (20 to 1000 °C), never extrapolated" }, "orientation": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion absent on both sides. Side A, 1219 °C is outside the range of nickel-200 (20 to 1000 °C), never extrapolated. Side B, 1219 °C is outside the range of tantalum (20 to 1000 °C), never extrapolated" }, "classe": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion gap absent: expansion absent on both sides. Side A, 1219 °C is outside the range of nickel-200 (20 to 1000 °C), never extrapolated. Side B, 1219 °C is outside the range of tantalum (20 to 1000 °C), never extrapolated" } }, { "A": "nickel-200", "B": "niobium", "brasure": "pd-co-palco", "T_prise_C": 1219, "delta_eps_pct": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion of side A absent: 1219 °C is outside the range of nickel-200 (20 to 1000 °C), never extrapolated" }, "orientation": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion of side A absent: 1219 °C is outside the range of nickel-200 (20 to 1000 °C), never extrapolated" }, "classe": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion gap absent: expansion of side A absent: 1219 °C is outside the range of nickel-200 (20 to 1000 °C), never extrapolated" } } ], "absences": [] }, { "id": "tungsten--cucrzr--cu-tih2-ni", "statut": "candidate", "hors_liste": true, "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "tungsten" ], "resolus": [ "tungsten" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "CuCrZr" ], "resolus": [ "CuCrZr" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [ "CuCrZr" ] } }, "brasures": { "principale": "cu-tih2-ni", "alternatives": [], "ids": [ "cu-tih2-ni" ], "texte": null }, "combinaisons": [ { "A": "tungsten", "B": "CuCrZr", "brasure": "cu-tih2-ni", "T_prise_C": { "absent": true, "motif": "no solidus recorded for cu-tih2-ni" }, "delta_eps_pct": { "absent": true, "motif": "set temperature absent: no solidus recorded for cu-tih2-ni" }, "orientation": { "absent": true, "motif": "set temperature absent: no solidus recorded for cu-tih2-ni" }, "classe": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion gap absent: set temperature absent: no solidus recorded for cu-tih2-ni" } } ], "absences": [ "CuCrZr: Correctif R1-4 (audit brasage, dimension B) : cite hors liste des 19 par tungsten--cucrzr--cu-tih2-ni et tungsten--cu-ofe--cucrzr--diffusion, les deux paires sourcees du couple W/Cu que l'audit avait trouvees totalement inatteignables. Alliage de cuivre distinct de copper-ofe : pas d'alias, cle propre. Aucune carte The Matter, aucune courbe de dilatation sourcee pour cet alliage precis." ] }, { "id": "tungsten--copper--au-cu", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "tungsten" ], "resolus": [ "tungsten" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "copper-ofe" ], "resolus": [ "copper-ofe" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": null, "alternatives": [], "ids": [], "texte": "eutectic Au-Cu (and, per the review: Cu-Mn, Au-Cu-Fe, NiCuMn-37, Cu-22TiH2, amorphous Ti-Zr)" }, "combinaisons": [], "absences": [ "the source describes the filler without naming it: \"eutectic Au-Cu (and, per the review: Cu-Mn, Au-Cu-Fe, NiCuMn-37, Cu-22TiH2, amorphous Ti-Zr)\"" ] }, { "id": "tungsten--cu-ofe--cucrzr--diffusion", "statut": "candidate", "hors_liste": true, "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "tungsten" ], "resolus": [ "tungsten" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "copper-ofe", "CuCrZr" ], "resolus": [ "copper-ofe", "CuCrZr" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [ "CuCrZr" ] } }, "brasures": { "principale": null, "alternatives": [], "ids": [], "texte": "none: OFE copper cast into the monoblock then HIP or HRP" }, "combinaisons": [], "absences": [ "the source describes the filler without naming it: \"none: OFE copper cast into the monoblock then HIP or HRP\"", "CuCrZr: Correctif R1-4 (audit brasage, dimension B) : cite hors liste des 19 par tungsten--cucrzr--cu-tih2-ni et tungsten--cu-ofe--cucrzr--diffusion, les deux paires sourcees du couple W/Cu que l'audit avait trouvees totalement inatteignables. Alliage de cuivre distinct de copper-ofe : pas d'alias, cle propre. Aucune carte The Matter, aucune courbe de dilatation sourcee pour cet alliage precis." ] }, { "id": "aluminum-6061--aluminum-6061--balsi", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "aluminum-6061" ], "resolus": [ "aluminum-6061" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "aluminum-6061" ], "resolus": [ "aluminum-6061" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": "al-si-balsi-2", "alternatives": [], "ids": [ "al-si-balsi-2" ], "texte": null }, "combinaisons": [ { "A": "aluminum-6061", "B": "aluminum-6061", "brasure": "al-si-balsi-2", "T_prise_C": 577, "delta_eps_pct": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion absent on both sides. Side A, 577 °C is outside the range of aluminum-6061 (20 to 300 °C), never extrapolated. Side B, 577 °C is outside the range of aluminum-6061 (20 to 300 °C), never extrapolated" }, "orientation": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion absent on both sides. Side A, 577 °C is outside the range of aluminum-6061 (20 to 300 °C), never extrapolated. Side B, 577 °C is outside the range of aluminum-6061 (20 to 300 °C), never extrapolated" }, "classe": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion gap absent: expansion absent on both sides. Side A, 577 °C is outside the range of aluminum-6061 (20 to 300 °C), never extrapolated. Side B, 577 °C is outside the range of aluminum-6061 (20 to 300 °C), never extrapolated" } } ], "absences": [] }, { "id": "schott-8250--kovar--scellement-verre", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "schott-8250" ], "resolus": [ "schott-8250" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [ "schott-8250" ] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "kovar" ], "resolus": [ "kovar" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": null, "alternatives": [], "ids": [], "texte": "none, glass-to-metal seal" }, "combinaisons": [], "absences": [ "the source describes the filler without naming it: \"none, glass-to-metal seal\"", "schott-8250: aucune carte du corpus ne porte la nuance 8250. silica-borosilicate porte Corning 7980 / Suprasil, Infrasil 301, Schott 8330 (Duran) et 7056 (Kodial), et son displayGrade est fused silica, dont le CTE est loin des verres de scellement. La nuance 7052 de la planche servie est absente elle aussi. Arbitrage du lot 02 : ne rien creer, declarer en bloqueur." ] }, { "id": "beryllium--beryllium--joint-longitudinal", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "beryllium" ], "resolus": [ "beryllium" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "beryllium" ], "resolus": [ "beryllium" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": null, "alternatives": [], "ids": [], "texte": "aluminium alloy 1100 strip, with 1100 wire laid on both sides to enlarge the fillets. No catalog filler of this corpus covers it." }, "combinaisons": [], "absences": [ "the source describes the filler without naming it: \"aluminium alloy 1100 strip, with 1100 wire laid on both sides to enlarge the fillets. No catalog filler of this corpus covers it.\"" ] }, { "id": "molybdenum--cucrzr--limiteur", "statut": "candidate", "hors_liste": true, "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "molybdenum" ], "resolus": [ "molybdenum" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "CuCrZr" ], "resolus": [ "CuCrZr" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [ "CuCrZr" ] } }, "brasures": { "principale": null, "alternatives": [ "ag-cu-ti-cusil-aba", "ag-cu-ti-ticusil", "ag-cu-72-28" ], "ids": [ "ag-cu-ti-cusil-aba", "ag-cu-ti-ticusil", "ag-cu-72-28" ], "texte": "the source compares Cusil-ABA, Palcusil-25, Ticusil, 50Au-50Cu and CuSil. Palcusil-25 and 50Au-50Cu are not in this catalog, so three of the five are carried as identifiers and the other two only here." }, "combinaisons": [ { "A": "molybdenum", "B": "CuCrZr", "brasure": "ag-cu-ti-cusil-aba", "T_prise_C": 779, "delta_eps_pct": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion of side B absent: material not in the curve set" }, "orientation": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion of side B absent: material not in the curve set" }, "classe": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion gap absent: expansion of side B absent: material not in the curve set" } }, { "A": "molybdenum", "B": "CuCrZr", "brasure": "ag-cu-ti-ticusil", "T_prise_C": 780, "delta_eps_pct": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion of side B absent: material not in the curve set" }, "orientation": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion of side B absent: material not in the curve set" }, "classe": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion gap absent: expansion of side B absent: material not in the curve set" } }, { "A": "molybdenum", "B": "CuCrZr", "brasure": "ag-cu-72-28", "T_prise_C": 780, "delta_eps_pct": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion of side B absent: material not in the curve set" }, "orientation": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion of side B absent: material not in the curve set" }, "classe": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion gap absent: expansion of side B absent: material not in the curve set" } } ], "absences": [ "CuCrZr: Correctif R1-4 (audit brasage, dimension B) : cite hors liste des 19 par tungsten--cucrzr--cu-tih2-ni et tungsten--cu-ofe--cucrzr--diffusion, les deux paires sourcees du couple W/Cu que l'audit avait trouvees totalement inatteignables. Alliage de cuivre distinct de copper-ofe : pas d'alias, cle propre. Aucune carte The Matter, aucune courbe de dilatation sourcee pour cet alliage precis." ] }, { "id": "molybdenum--copper-ofe--limiteur", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "molybdenum" ], "resolus": [ "molybdenum" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "copper-ofe" ], "resolus": [ "copper-ofe" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": null, "alternatives": [ "ag-cu-ti-cusil-aba", "ag-cu-ti-ticusil", "ag-cu-72-28" ], "ids": [ "ag-cu-ti-cusil-aba", "ag-cu-ti-ticusil", "ag-cu-72-28" ], "texte": "same five alloys as the CuCrZr side of the same study: Cusil-ABA, Palcusil-25, Ticusil, 50Au-50Cu and CuSil. Two of the five are not in this catalog." }, "combinaisons": [ { "A": "molybdenum", "B": "copper-ofe", "brasure": "ag-cu-ti-cusil-aba", "T_prise_C": 779, "delta_eps_pct": 0.9726746575342468, "orientation": { "exterieur": "copper-ofe", "interieur": "molybdenum", "eps_exterieur": 1.3901246575342467, "eps_interieur": 0.41745 }, "classe": "hors_budget" }, { "A": "molybdenum", "B": "copper-ofe", "brasure": "ag-cu-ti-ticusil", "T_prise_C": 780, "delta_eps_pct": 0.9742520547945205, "orientation": { "exterieur": "copper-ofe", "interieur": "molybdenum", "eps_exterieur": 1.3922520547945205, "eps_interieur": 0.41800000000000004 }, "classe": "hors_budget" }, { "A": "molybdenum", "B": "copper-ofe", "brasure": "ag-cu-72-28", "T_prise_C": 780, "delta_eps_pct": 0.9742520547945205, "orientation": { "exterieur": "copper-ofe", "interieur": "molybdenum", "eps_exterieur": 1.3922520547945205, "eps_interieur": 0.41800000000000004 }, "classe": "hors_budget" } ], "absences": [] }, { "id": "beryllium--cucrzr--tuiles", "statut": "candidate", "hors_liste": true, "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "beryllium" ], "resolus": [ "beryllium" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "CuCrZr" ], "resolus": [ "CuCrZr" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [ "CuCrZr" ] } }, "brasures": { "principale": null, "alternatives": [], "ids": [], "texte": "the source does not name the filler. It states only that the joint was made under electron-beam heating at the Tsefey test facility of the Efremov Institute." }, "combinaisons": [], "absences": [ "the source describes the filler without naming it: \"the source does not name the filler. It states only that the joint was made under electron-beam heating at the Tsefey test facility of the Efremov Institute.\"", "CuCrZr: Correctif R1-4 (audit brasage, dimension B) : cite hors liste des 19 par tungsten--cucrzr--cu-tih2-ni et tungsten--cu-ofe--cucrzr--diffusion, les deux paires sourcees du couple W/Cu que l'audit avait trouvees totalement inatteignables. Alliage de cuivre distinct de copper-ofe : pas d'alias, cle propre. Aucune carte The Matter, aucune courbe de dilatation sourcee pour cet alliage precis." ] }, { "id": "molybdenum--kovar--anode-tournante", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "molybdenum" ], "resolus": [ "molybdenum" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "kovar" ], "resolus": [ "kovar" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": "cu-pd-ni-50-40-10", "alternatives": [], "ids": [ "cu-pd-ni-50-40-10" ], "texte": null }, "combinaisons": [ { "A": "molybdenum", "B": "kovar", "brasure": "cu-pd-ni-50-40-10", "T_prise_C": { "absent": true, "motif": "no solidus recorded for cu-pd-ni-50-40-10" }, "delta_eps_pct": { "absent": true, "motif": "set temperature absent: no solidus recorded for cu-pd-ni-50-40-10" }, "orientation": { "absent": true, "motif": "set temperature absent: no solidus recorded for cu-pd-ni-50-40-10" }, "classe": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion gap absent: set temperature absent: no solidus recorded for cu-pd-ni-50-40-10" } } ], "absences": [] }, { "id": "copper-ofe--stainless-316l--pwt-linac", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "copper-ofe" ], "resolus": [ "copper-ofe" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "stainless-316l" ], "resolus": [ "stainless-316l" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": "ag-cu-72-28", "alternatives": [], "ids": [ "ag-cu-72-28" ], "texte": null }, "combinaisons": [ { "A": "copper-ofe", "B": "stainless-316l", "brasure": "ag-cu-72-28", "T_prise_C": 780, "delta_eps_pct": 0.09068893619647067, "orientation": { "exterieur": "stainless-316l", "interieur": "copper-ofe", "eps_exterieur": 1.4829409909909912, "eps_interieur": 1.3922520547945205 }, "classe": "appariee" } ], "absences": [] }, { "id": "copper-ofe--stainless-316l--lhcd-waveguide", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "copper-ofe" ], "resolus": [ "copper-ofe" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "stainless-316l" ], "resolus": [ "stainless-316l" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": "ag-cu-72-28", "alternatives": [], "ids": [ "ag-cu-72-28" ], "texte": null }, "combinaisons": [ { "A": "copper-ofe", "B": "stainless-316l", "brasure": "ag-cu-72-28", "T_prise_C": 780, "delta_eps_pct": 0.09068893619647067, "orientation": { "exterieur": "stainless-316l", "interieur": "copper-ofe", "eps_exterieur": 1.4829409909909912, "eps_interieur": 1.3922520547945205 }, "classe": "appariee" } ], "absences": [] }, { "id": "alumina--niobium--sandia-nbcu", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "alumina" ], "resolus": [ "alumina" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "niobium" ], "resolus": [ "niobium" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": "au-cu-ti-ni-35-62-2-1", "alternatives": [], "ids": [ "au-cu-ti-ni-35-62-2-1" ], "texte": null }, "combinaisons": [ { "A": "alumina", "B": "niobium", "brasure": "au-cu-ti-ni-35-62-2-1", "T_prise_C": 1015, "delta_eps_pct": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion of side A absent: 1015 °C falls between 1000 and 1026.85 °C on alumina, a junction between two sources that disagree, never interpolated across" }, "orientation": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion of side A absent: 1015 °C falls between 1000 and 1026.85 °C on alumina, a junction between two sources that disagree, never interpolated across" }, "classe": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion gap absent: expansion of side A absent: 1015 °C falls between 1000 and 1026.85 °C on alumina, a junction between two sources that disagree, never interpolated across" } } ], "absences": [] }, { "id": "copper-ofe--stainless-316l--aps-upgrade", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "copper-ofe" ], "resolus": [ "copper-ofe" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "stainless-316l" ], "resolus": [ "stainless-316l" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": null, "alternatives": [], "ids": [], "texte": "a gold brazing alloy. The source names no composition and no AWS class, so no identifier of this catalog is attached." }, "combinaisons": [], "absences": [ "the source describes the filler without naming it: \"a gold brazing alloy. The source names no composition and no AWS class, so no identifier of this catalog is attached.\"" ] }, { "id": "alumina--graphite--ticusil-mdc", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "alumina" ], "resolus": [ "alumina" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "graphite" ], "resolus": [ "graphite" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": "ag-cu-ti-ticusil", "alternatives": [], "ids": [ "ag-cu-ti-ticusil" ], "texte": null }, "combinaisons": [ { "A": "alumina", "B": "graphite", "brasure": "ag-cu-ti-ticusil", "T_prise_C": 780, "delta_eps_pct": 0.14212000000000002, "orientation": { "exterieur": "alumina", "interieur": "graphite", "eps_exterieur": 0.49360000000000004, "eps_interieur": 0.35148 }, "classe": "indeterminee" } ], "absences": [] }, { "id": "alumina--graphite--cuivre-mdc", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "alumina" ], "resolus": [ "alumina" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "graphite" ], "resolus": [ "graphite" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": "cu-pur-bcu-1", "alternatives": [], "ids": [ "cu-pur-bcu-1" ], "texte": null }, "combinaisons": [ { "A": "alumina", "B": "graphite", "brasure": "cu-pur-bcu-1", "T_prise_C": 1084.62, "delta_eps_pct": 0.38807508, "orientation": { "exterieur": "alumina", "interieur": "graphite", "eps_exterieur": 0.90977, "eps_interieur": 0.52169492 }, "classe": "indeterminee" } ], "absences": [] }, { "id": "alumina--kovar--nicusil-3", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "alumina" ], "resolus": [ "alumina" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "kovar" ], "resolus": [ "kovar" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": "ag-cu-ni-nicusil-3", "alternatives": [], "ids": [ "ag-cu-ni-nicusil-3" ], "texte": null }, "combinaisons": [ { "A": "alumina", "B": "kovar", "brasure": "ag-cu-ni-nicusil-3", "T_prise_C": { "absent": true, "motif": "no solidus recorded for ag-cu-ni-nicusil-3" }, "delta_eps_pct": { "absent": true, "motif": "set temperature absent: no solidus recorded for ag-cu-ni-nicusil-3" }, "orientation": { "absent": true, "motif": "set temperature absent: no solidus recorded for ag-cu-ni-nicusil-3" }, "classe": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion gap absent: set temperature absent: no solidus recorded for ag-cu-ni-nicusil-3" } } ], "absences": [] }, { "id": "alumina--kovar--sandia-2007", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "alumina" ], "resolus": [ "alumina" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "kovar" ], "resolus": [ "kovar" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": "ag-cu-72-28", "alternatives": [ "au-cu-35-65", "ag-cu-in-ti-incusil-aba", "ag-cu-ti-cusil-aba", "ag-cu-zr-97-1-2", "au-cu-ti-ni-35-62-2-1" ], "ids": [ "ag-cu-72-28", "au-cu-35-65", "ag-cu-in-ti-incusil-aba", "ag-cu-ti-cusil-aba", "ag-cu-zr-97-1-2", "au-cu-ti-ni-35-62-2-1" ], "texte": null }, "combinaisons": [ { "A": "alumina", "B": "kovar", "brasure": "ag-cu-72-28", "T_prise_C": 780, "delta_eps_pct": 0.27715999999999996, "orientation": { "exterieur": "kovar", "interieur": "alumina", "eps_exterieur": 0.77076, "eps_interieur": 0.49360000000000004 }, "classe": "indeterminee" }, { "A": "alumina", "B": "kovar", "brasure": "au-cu-35-65", "T_prise_C": 990, "delta_eps_pct": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion of side B absent: 990 °C is outside the range of kovar (20 to 900 °C), never extrapolated" }, "orientation": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion of side B absent: 990 °C is outside the range of kovar (20 to 900 °C), never extrapolated" }, "classe": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion gap absent: expansion of side B absent: 990 °C is outside the range of kovar (20 to 900 °C), never extrapolated" } }, { "A": "alumina", "B": "kovar", "brasure": "ag-cu-in-ti-incusil-aba", "T_prise_C": 605, "delta_eps_pct": 0.10383999999999993, "orientation": { "exterieur": "kovar", "interieur": "alumina", "eps_exterieur": 0.46443999999999996, "eps_interieur": 0.36060000000000003 }, "classe": "indeterminee" }, { "A": "alumina", "B": "kovar", "brasure": "ag-cu-ti-cusil-aba", "T_prise_C": 779, "delta_eps_pct": 0.2761429999999999, "orientation": { "exterieur": "kovar", "interieur": "alumina", "eps_exterieur": 0.768983, "eps_interieur": 0.49284000000000006 }, "classe": "indeterminee" }, { "A": "alumina", "B": "kovar", "brasure": "ag-cu-zr-97-1-2", "T_prise_C": { "absent": true, "motif": "no solidus recorded for ag-cu-zr-97-1-2" }, "delta_eps_pct": { "absent": true, "motif": "set temperature absent: no solidus recorded for ag-cu-zr-97-1-2" }, "orientation": { "absent": true, "motif": "set temperature absent: no solidus recorded for ag-cu-zr-97-1-2" }, "classe": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion gap absent: set temperature absent: no solidus recorded for ag-cu-zr-97-1-2" } }, { "A": "alumina", "B": "kovar", "brasure": "au-cu-ti-ni-35-62-2-1", "T_prise_C": 1015, "delta_eps_pct": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion absent on both sides. Side A, 1015 °C falls between 1000 and 1026.85 °C on alumina, a junction between two sources that disagree, never interpolated across. Side B, 1015 °C is outside the range of kovar (20 to 900 °C), never extrapolated" }, "orientation": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion absent on both sides. Side A, 1015 °C falls between 1000 and 1026.85 °C on alumina, a junction between two sources that disagree, never interpolated across. Side B, 1015 °C is outside the range of kovar (20 to 900 °C), never extrapolated" }, "classe": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion gap absent: expansion absent on both sides. Side A, 1015 °C falls between 1000 and 1026.85 °C on alumina, a junction between two sources that disagree, never interpolated across. Side B, 1015 °C is outside the range of kovar (20 to 900 °C), never extrapolated" } } ], "absences": [] }, { "id": "alumina--niobium--sandia-2007-direct", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "alumina" ], "resolus": [ "alumina" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "niobium" ], "resolus": [ "niobium" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": null, "alternatives": [], "ids": [], "texte": "three conventional filler metals, 62Cu-35Au-3Ni, 92Au-8Pd and 50Au-50Cu. None of the three is carried by this catalog, and none is substituted." }, "combinaisons": [], "absences": [ "the source describes the filler without naming it: \"three conventional filler metals, 62Cu-35Au-3Ni, 92Au-8Pd and 50Au-50Cu. None of the three is carried by this catalog, and none is substituted.\"" ] }, { "id": "alumina--kovar--ald-runout", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "alumina" ], "resolus": [ "alumina" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "kovar" ], "resolus": [ "kovar" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": "ag-cu-zr-97-1-2", "alternatives": [], "ids": [ "ag-cu-zr-97-1-2" ], "texte": null }, "combinaisons": [ { "A": "alumina", "B": "kovar", "brasure": "ag-cu-zr-97-1-2", "T_prise_C": { "absent": true, "motif": "no solidus recorded for ag-cu-zr-97-1-2" }, "delta_eps_pct": { "absent": true, "motif": "set temperature absent: no solidus recorded for ag-cu-zr-97-1-2" }, "orientation": { "absent": true, "motif": "set temperature absent: no solidus recorded for ag-cu-zr-97-1-2" }, "classe": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion gap absent: set temperature absent: no solidus recorded for ag-cu-zr-97-1-2" } } ], "absences": [] }, { "id": "niobium--stainless-316l--agcupd", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "niobium" ], "resolus": [ "niobium" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "stainless-316l" ], "resolus": [ "stainless-316l" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": "ag-cu-pd-31-5-10", "alternatives": [], "ids": [ "ag-cu-pd-31-5-10" ], "texte": null }, "combinaisons": [ { "A": "niobium", "B": "stainless-316l", "brasure": "ag-cu-pd-31-5-10", "T_prise_C": { "absent": true, "motif": "no solidus recorded for ag-cu-pd-31-5-10" }, "delta_eps_pct": { "absent": true, "motif": "set temperature absent: no solidus recorded for ag-cu-pd-31-5-10" }, "orientation": { "absent": true, "motif": "set temperature absent: no solidus recorded for ag-cu-pd-31-5-10" }, "classe": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion gap absent: set temperature absent: no solidus recorded for ag-cu-pd-31-5-10" } } ], "absences": [] }, { "id": "niobium--titanium", "statut": "no-data", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [], "resolus": [], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [], "resolus": [], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": null, "alternatives": [], "ids": [], "texte": null }, "combinaisons": [], "absences": [ "pair declared no-data, nothing to derive" ] }, { "id": "beo--kovar", "statut": "no-data", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [], "resolus": [], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [], "resolus": [], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": null, "alternatives": [], "ids": [], "texte": null }, "combinaisons": [], "absences": [ "pair declared no-data, nothing to derive" ] }, { "id": "alumina--molybdenum", "statut": "no-data", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [], "resolus": [], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [], "resolus": [], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": null, "alternatives": [], "ids": [], "texte": null }, "combinaisons": [], "absences": [ "pair declared no-data, nothing to derive" ] }, { "id": "copper-ofe--stainless--filler", "statut": "no-data", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [], "resolus": [], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [], "resolus": [], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": null, "alternatives": [], "ids": [], "texte": null }, "combinaisons": [], "absences": [ "pair declared no-data, nothing to derive" ] }, { "id": "beryllium--copper-ofe", "statut": "no-data", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [], "resolus": [], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [], "resolus": [], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": null, "alternatives": [], "ids": [], "texte": null }, "combinaisons": [], "absences": [ "pair declared no-data, nothing to derive" ] }, { "id": "beo--copper-ofe--jlab-fel-window", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "beo" ], "resolus": [ "beo" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "copper-ofe" ], "resolus": [ "copper-ofe" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": "au-ni-82-18", "alternatives": [], "ids": [ "au-ni-82-18" ], "texte": null }, "combinaisons": [ { "A": "beo", "B": "copper-ofe", "brasure": "au-ni-82-18", "T_prise_C": 955, "delta_eps_pct": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion of side B absent: 955 °C is outside the range of copper-ofe (20 to 927 °C), never extrapolated" }, "orientation": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion of side B absent: 955 °C is outside the range of copper-ofe (20 to 927 °C), never extrapolated" }, "classe": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion gap absent: expansion of side B absent: 955 °C is outside the range of copper-ofe (20 to 927 °C), never extrapolated" } } ], "absences": [] }, { "id": "copper-ofe--kovar--jlab-fel-window", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "copper-ofe" ], "resolus": [ "copper-ofe" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "kovar" ], "resolus": [ "kovar" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": "ag-cu-in-incusil-10", "alternatives": [], "ids": [ "ag-cu-in-incusil-10" ], "texte": null }, "combinaisons": [ { "A": "copper-ofe", "B": "kovar", "brasure": "ag-cu-in-incusil-10", "T_prise_C": 685, "delta_eps_pct": 0.5907696062992125, "orientation": { "exterieur": "copper-ofe", "interieur": "kovar", "eps_exterieur": 1.1934496062992126, "eps_interieur": 0.6026800000000001 }, "classe": "hors_budget" } ], "absences": [] }, { "id": "beo--niobium--bore-seal-capsule", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "beo" ], "resolus": [ "beo" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "niobium" ], "resolus": [ "niobium" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": "zr-v-nb-60-25-15", "alternatives": [], "ids": [ "zr-v-nb-60-25-15" ], "texte": null }, "combinaisons": [ { "A": "beo", "B": "niobium", "brasure": "zr-v-nb-60-25-15", "T_prise_C": { "absent": true, "motif": "no solidus recorded for zr-v-nb-60-25-15" }, "delta_eps_pct": { "absent": true, "motif": "set temperature absent: no solidus recorded for zr-v-nb-60-25-15" }, "orientation": { "absent": true, "motif": "set temperature absent: no solidus recorded for zr-v-nb-60-25-15" }, "classe": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion gap absent: set temperature absent: no solidus recorded for zr-v-nb-60-25-15" } } ], "absences": [] }, { "id": "sapphire--stainless-316l--gcd3-window", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "sapphire" ], "resolus": [ "sapphire" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "stainless-316l" ], "resolus": [ "stainless-316l" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": null, "alternatives": [], "ids": [], "texte": "not named by the source. LANL defined the features required on the stainless flange and purchased a complete, fully tested sapphire brazement from EnvirOptics Inc." }, "combinaisons": [], "absences": [ "the source describes the filler without naming it: \"not named by the source. LANL defined the features required on the stainless flange and purchased a complete, fully tested sapphire brazement from EnvirOptics Inc.\"" ] }, { "id": "sapphire--niobium--tfe-insulator-seal", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "sapphire" ], "resolus": [ "sapphire" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "niobium" ], "resolus": [ "niobium" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": "nb-v-35-65", "alternatives": [], "ids": [ "nb-v-35-65" ], "texte": null }, "combinaisons": [ { "A": "sapphire", "B": "niobium", "brasure": "nb-v-35-65", "T_prise_C": { "absent": true, "motif": "no solidus recorded for nb-v-35-65" }, "delta_eps_pct": { "absent": true, "motif": "set temperature absent: no solidus recorded for nb-v-35-65" }, "orientation": { "absent": true, "motif": "set temperature absent: no solidus recorded for nb-v-35-65" }, "classe": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion gap absent: set temperature absent: no solidus recorded for nb-v-35-65" } } ], "absences": [] }, { "id": "sapphire--niobium--bnl-56mhz-hom", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "sapphire" ], "resolus": [ "sapphire" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "niobium" ], "resolus": [ "niobium" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": "ag-cu-in-ti-incusil-aba", "alternatives": [], "ids": [ "ag-cu-in-ti-incusil-aba" ], "texte": null }, "combinaisons": [ { "A": "sapphire", "B": "niobium", "brasure": "ag-cu-in-ti-incusil-aba", "T_prise_C": 605, "delta_eps_pct": 0.03290199999999999, "orientation": { "exterieur": "niobium", "interieur": "sapphire", "eps_exterieur": 0.458646, "eps_interieur": 0.425744 }, "classe": "appariee" } ], "absences": [] }, { "id": "alumina--niobium--bulb-vanadium", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "alumina" ], "resolus": [ "alumina" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "niobium" ], "resolus": [ "niobium" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": "v-pur", "alternatives": [], "ids": [ "v-pur" ], "texte": null }, "combinaisons": [ { "A": "alumina", "B": "niobium", "brasure": "v-pur", "T_prise_C": { "absent": true, "motif": "no solidus recorded for v-pur" }, "delta_eps_pct": { "absent": true, "motif": "set temperature absent: no solidus recorded for v-pur" }, "orientation": { "absent": true, "motif": "set temperature absent: no solidus recorded for v-pur" }, "classe": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion gap absent: set temperature absent: no solidus recorded for v-pur" } } ], "absences": [] }, { "id": "aln--copper-ofe--mpex-absorber", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "aln" ], "resolus": [ "aln" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "copper-ofe" ], "resolus": [ "copper-ofe" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": "ag-cu-sn-ti-cusin-1-aba", "alternatives": [], "ids": [ "ag-cu-sn-ti-cusin-1-aba" ], "texte": null }, "combinaisons": [ { "A": "aln", "B": "copper-ofe", "brasure": "ag-cu-sn-ti-cusin-1-aba", "T_prise_C": 775, "delta_eps_pct": 0.9663650684931506, "orientation": { "exterieur": "copper-ofe", "interieur": "aln", "eps_exterieur": 1.3816150684931507, "eps_interieur": 0.41525000000000006 }, "classe": "hors_budget" } ], "absences": [] }, { "id": "copper-ofe--molybdenum--mpex-transition", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "copper-ofe" ], "resolus": [ "copper-ofe" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "molybdenum" ], "resolus": [ "molybdenum" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": "ag-cu-ni-nicusil-3", "alternatives": [], "ids": [ "ag-cu-ni-nicusil-3" ], "texte": null }, "combinaisons": [ { "A": "copper-ofe", "B": "molybdenum", "brasure": "ag-cu-ni-nicusil-3", "T_prise_C": { "absent": true, "motif": "no solidus recorded for ag-cu-ni-nicusil-3" }, "delta_eps_pct": { "absent": true, "motif": "set temperature absent: no solidus recorded for ag-cu-ni-nicusil-3" }, "orientation": { "absent": true, "motif": "set temperature absent: no solidus recorded for ag-cu-ni-nicusil-3" }, "classe": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion gap absent: set temperature absent: no solidus recorded for ag-cu-ni-nicusil-3" } } ], "absences": [] }, { "id": "sapphire--niobium--jlab-hom-feedthrough", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "sapphire" ], "resolus": [ "sapphire" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "niobium" ], "resolus": [ "niobium" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": null, "alternatives": [], "ids": [], "texte": "not named in this paper, which says only that the concept was to directly braze the niobium probe to a single-crystal sapphire dielectric and the sapphire to a substantial copper sleeve captured in the stainless steel mounting flange" }, "combinaisons": [], "absences": [ "the source describes the filler without naming it: \"not named in this paper, which says only that the concept was to directly braze the niobium probe to a single-crystal sapphire dielectric and the sapphire to a substantial copper sleeve captured in the stainless steel mounting flange\"" ] }, { "id": "sapphire--niobium--deca-stack", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "sapphire" ], "resolus": [ "sapphire" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "niobium" ], "resolus": [ "niobium" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": "ag-cu-ti-ticusil", "alternatives": [], "ids": [ "ag-cu-ti-ticusil" ], "texte": null }, "combinaisons": [ { "A": "sapphire", "B": "niobium", "brasure": "ag-cu-ti-ticusil", "T_prise_C": 780, "delta_eps_pct": 0.02225300000000008, "orientation": { "exterieur": "niobium", "interieur": "sapphire", "eps_exterieur": 0.607772, "eps_interieur": 0.5855189999999999 }, "classe": "appariee" } ], "absences": [] }, { "id": "sapphire--molybdenum--k500-deflector", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "sapphire" ], "resolus": [ "sapphire" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "molybdenum" ], "resolus": [ "molybdenum" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": null, "alternatives": [], "ids": [], "texte": "not named by the source, which gives the atmosphere and the metallizing but not the filler" }, "combinaisons": [], "absences": [ "the source describes the filler without naming it: \"not named by the source, which gives the atmosphere and the metallizing but not the filler\"" ] }, { "id": "sapphire--titanium-grade-2--usno-viewport", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "sapphire" ], "resolus": [ "sapphire" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "titanium-grade-2" ], "resolus": [ "titanium-grade-2" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": null, "alternatives": [], "ids": [], "texte": "the source names a family and not an alloy: sapphire and titanium can be brazed with copper-silver-titanium (or closely related) brazes, and this type of braze uses a small addition of titanium to a copper-silver eutectic to enhance wetting to ceramics and metals other than copper and silver. No trade name and no composition are printed." }, "combinaisons": [], "absences": [ "the source describes the filler without naming it: \"the source names a family and not an alloy: sapphire and titanium can be brazed with copper-silver-titanium (or closely related) brazes, and this type of braze uses a small addition of titanium to a copper-silver eutectic to enhance wetting to ceramics and metals other than copper and silver. No trade name and no composition are printed.\"" ] }, { "id": "sapphire--copper--heliyon-microwave-window", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "sapphire" ], "resolus": [ "sapphire" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "copper" ], "resolus": [ "copper" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [ "copper" ] } }, "brasures": { "principale": null, "alternatives": [], "ids": [], "texte": "a ternary active filler metal Ag-Cu-Ti in the mass ratio 69:28:3, laid about 0.15 mm thick on the copper surface over a layer of commercial flux, with a small weight for contact. That ratio is not any alloy of this catalogue and it is NOT fitted to the nearest one: Ticusil is 68.8Ag-26.7Cu-4.5Ti and the titanium fraction is not the same number." }, "combinaisons": [], "absences": [ "the source describes the filler without naming it: \"a ternary active filler metal Ag-Cu-Ti in the mass ratio 69:28:3, laid about 0.15 mm thick on the copper surface over a layer of commercial flux, with a small weight for contact. That ratio is not any alloy of this catalogue and it is NOT fitted to the nearest one: Ticusil is 68.8Ag-26.7Cu-4.5Ti and the titanium fraction is not the same number.\"", "copper: Lot COPPER-1, sur le modele exact du correctif R1-4 qui a fait entrer titanium a cote de titanium-grade-2. Quatre sources ecrivent copper sans dire l'oxygene, et la regle de nuance interdit de les rattacher a copper-ofe par ressemblance : le jeton resolvait inconnu et ces paires sourcees etaient invisibles dans les menus. Pas d'alias vers copper-ofe, ce serait affirmer une absence d'oxygene qu'aucun des quatre documents n'imprime. Aucune carte The Matter, aucune courbe de dilatation sourcee : il n'en existe pas pour du cuivre dont le grade n'est pas dit, et emprunter celle de copper-ofe ferait servir une valeur sous une cle qui ne l'a pas." ] }, { "id": "beo--copper--iter-lhcd-window", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "beo" ], "resolus": [ "beo" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "copper" ], "resolus": [ "copper" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [ "copper" ] } }, "brasures": { "principale": null, "alternatives": [], "ids": [], "texte": "a gold copper alloy Au50/Cu50 in a layer 20 to 40 micrometres thick, chosen to avoid silver alloys. That composition is not any alloy of this catalogue: the two gold-copper entries are 37.5Au-62.5Cu and 35Au-65Cu, and neither is a half and half." }, "combinaisons": [], "absences": [ "the source describes the filler without naming it: \"a gold copper alloy Au50/Cu50 in a layer 20 to 40 micrometres thick, chosen to avoid silver alloys. That composition is not any alloy of this catalogue: the two gold-copper entries are 37.5Au-62.5Cu and 35Au-65Cu, and neither is a half and half.\"", "copper: Lot COPPER-1, sur le modele exact du correctif R1-4 qui a fait entrer titanium a cote de titanium-grade-2. Quatre sources ecrivent copper sans dire l'oxygene, et la regle de nuance interdit de les rattacher a copper-ofe par ressemblance : le jeton resolvait inconnu et ces paires sourcees etaient invisibles dans les menus. Pas d'alias vers copper-ofe, ce serait affirmer une absence d'oxygene qu'aucun des quatre documents n'imprime. Aucune carte The Matter, aucune courbe de dilatation sourcee : il n'en existe pas pour du cuivre dont le grade n'est pas dit, et emprunter celle de copper-ofe ferait servir une valeur sous une cle qui ne l'a pas." ] }, { "id": "beo--copper--varian-gyroklystron-window", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "beo" ], "resolus": [ "beo" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "copper" ], "resolus": [ "copper" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [ "copper" ] } }, "brasures": { "principale": null, "alternatives": [], "ids": [], "texte": "not named by the source. The report describes the window build and its failures without printing the filler metal." }, "combinaisons": [], "absences": [ "the source describes the filler without naming it: \"not named by the source. The report describes the window build and its failures without printing the filler metal.\"", "copper: Lot COPPER-1, sur le modele exact du correctif R1-4 qui a fait entrer titanium a cote de titanium-grade-2. Quatre sources ecrivent copper sans dire l'oxygene, et la regle de nuance interdit de les rattacher a copper-ofe par ressemblance : le jeton resolvait inconnu et ces paires sourcees etaient invisibles dans les menus. Pas d'alias vers copper-ofe, ce serait affirmer une absence d'oxygene qu'aucun des quatre documents n'imprime. Aucune carte The Matter, aucune courbe de dilatation sourcee : il n'en existe pas pour du cuivre dont le grade n'est pas dit, et emprunter celle de copper-ofe ferait servir une valeur sous une cle qui ne l'a pas." ] }, { "id": "aln--copper--toshiba-kek-hom", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "aln" ], "resolus": [ "aln" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "copper" ], "resolus": [ "copper" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [ "copper" ] } }, "brasures": { "principale": null, "alternatives": [], "ids": [], "texte": "silver, and no more. Table 2 of the paper prints Brazing material Silver, which names a metal and not an alloy of this catalogue." }, "combinaisons": [], "absences": [ "the source describes the filler without naming it: \"silver, and no more. Table 2 of the paper prints Brazing material Silver, which names a metal and not an alloy of this catalogue.\"", "copper: Lot COPPER-1, sur le modele exact du correctif R1-4 qui a fait entrer titanium a cote de titanium-grade-2. Quatre sources ecrivent copper sans dire l'oxygene, et la regle de nuance interdit de les rattacher a copper-ofe par ressemblance : le jeton resolvait inconnu et ces paires sourcees etaient invisibles dans les menus. Pas d'alias vers copper-ofe, ce serait affirmer une absence d'oxygene qu'aucun des quatre documents n'imprime. Aucune carte The Matter, aucune courbe de dilatation sourcee : il n'en existe pas pour du cuivre dont le grade n'est pas dit, et emprunter celle de copper-ofe ferait servir une valeur sous une cle qui ne l'a pas." ] }, { "id": "alumina--niobium--kohl-tungsten-palladium", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "alumina" ], "resolus": [ "alumina" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "niobium" ], "resolus": [ "niobium" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": "pd-pur", "alternatives": [], "ids": [ "pd-pur" ], "texte": null }, "combinaisons": [ { "A": "alumina", "B": "niobium", "brasure": "pd-pur", "T_prise_C": { "absent": true, "motif": "no solidus recorded for pd-pur" }, "delta_eps_pct": { "absent": true, "motif": "set temperature absent: no solidus recorded for pd-pur" }, "orientation": { "absent": true, "motif": "set temperature absent: no solidus recorded for pd-pur" }, "classe": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion gap absent: set temperature absent: no solidus recorded for pd-pur" } } ], "absences": [] }, { "id": "alumina--copper--kohl-stanford-klystron", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "alumina" ], "resolus": [ "alumina" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "copper" ], "resolus": [ "copper" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [ "copper" ] } }, "brasures": { "principale": "ag-cu-72-28", "alternatives": [], "ids": [ "ag-cu-72-28" ], "texte": null }, "combinaisons": [ { "A": "alumina", "B": "copper", "brasure": "ag-cu-72-28", "T_prise_C": 780, "delta_eps_pct": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion of side B absent: material not in the curve set" }, "orientation": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion of side B absent: material not in the curve set" }, "classe": { "absent": true, "motif": "expansion gap absent: expansion of side B absent: material not in the curve set" } } ], "absences": [ "copper: Lot COPPER-1, sur le modele exact du correctif R1-4 qui a fait entrer titanium a cote de titanium-grade-2. Quatre sources ecrivent copper sans dire l'oxygene, et la regle de nuance interdit de les rattacher a copper-ofe par ressemblance : le jeton resolvait inconnu et ces paires sourcees etaient invisibles dans les menus. Pas d'alias vers copper-ofe, ce serait affirmer une absence d'oxygene qu'aucun des quatre documents n'imprime. Aucune carte The Matter, aucune courbe de dilatation sourcee : il n'en existe pas pour du cuivre dont le grade n'est pas dit, et emprunter celle de copper-ofe ferait servir une valeur sous une cle qui ne l'a pas." ] }, { "id": "alumina--molybdenum--kohl-philips-recycling", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "alumina" ], "resolus": [ "alumina" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "molybdenum" ], "resolus": [ "molybdenum" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": null, "alternatives": [], "ids": [], "texte": "not fixed by the source. The chapter writes that the final brazing operation is by conventional means, that the choice of the filler metal determines the temperature resistance of the seal, and that preformed washers of Ru/Mo or Rh/Mo oxides may be used, or any of the filler metals for high-temperature operation discussed in its chapter 13. No one filler is named for this seal and none is written." }, "combinaisons": [], "absences": [ "the source describes the filler without naming it: \"not fixed by the source. The chapter writes that the final brazing operation is by conventional means, that the choice of the filler metal determines the temperature resistance of the seal, and that preformed washers of Ru/Mo or Rh/Mo oxides may be used, or any of the filler metals for high-temperature operation discussed in its chapter 13. No one filler is named for this seal and none is written.\"" ] }, { "id": "alumina--kovar--kohl-table-15-1", "statut": "candidate", "materiaux": { "A": { "jetons": [ "alumina" ], "resolus": [ "alumina" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] }, "B": { "jetons": [ "kovar" ], "resolus": [ "kovar" ], "inconnus": [], "sansPorteur": [] } }, "brasures": { "principale": null, "alternatives": [], "ids": [], "texte": "not named by the table. Table 15.1 varies the METALLIZING MIXTURE and its sintering temperature, and the braze that attaches the Kovar to the metallized specimen is not printed." }, "combinaisons": [], "absences": [ "the source describes the filler without naming it: \"not named by the table. Table 15.1 varies the METALLIZING MIXTURE and its sintering temperature, and the braze that attaches the Kovar to the metallized specimen is not printed.\"" ] } ] } } }