{
  "dataset": "ceramic-vacuum",
  "schemaVersion": 2,
  "version": "2026-09-07",
  "updated": "2026-09-07",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0",
  "attribution": "Mean Free Path, Pierre F. Ribault",
  "canonical": "https://pierreribault.com/data/ceramic-vacuum.json",
  "data": {
    "materialLabels": {
      "alumina": "Alumina Al2O3",
      "aln": "Aluminium nitride AlN",
      "beo": "Beryllia BeO",
      "sapphire": "Sapphire",
      "cvd_diamond": "CVD diamond",
      "silica": "Silica / quartz",
      "macor": "Macor",
      "si3n4": "Silicon nitride Si3N4",
      "sic": "Silicon carbide SiC",
      "zirconia": "Zirconia / ZTA",
      "bn": "Boron nitride BN",
      "refractory_metal": "Refractory metal (Mo/W/Ta)"
    },
    "functionLabels": {
      "feedthrough": "Feedthrough / insulator",
      "rf_window": "RF / microwave window",
      "viewport": "Optical viewport",
      "substrate": "Substrate / heat sink",
      "brazing": "Brazing / metallisation",
      "structural": "Structural / chamber / break",
      "wear": "Wear / bearing",
      "powder": "Powder / raw material",
      "refractory": "Refractory metal partner"
    },
    "systemClasses": [
      {
        "id": "synchrotron",
        "label": "Light source / synchrotron",
        "short": "Synchrotron"
      },
      {
        "id": "accelerator",
        "label": "Accelerator (linac / collider)",
        "short": "Accelerator"
      },
      {
        "id": "fusion",
        "label": "Fusion (tokamak / ECRH gyrotron)",
        "short": "Fusion"
      },
      {
        "id": "semi",
        "label": "Semiconductor (etch / depo)",
        "short": "Semi"
      },
      {
        "id": "tube",
        "label": "RF tube (klystron / TWT / X-ray)",
        "short": "RF tube"
      },
      {
        "id": "ion_source",
        "label": "Ion source",
        "short": "Ion source"
      },
      {
        "id": "detector",
        "label": "In-vacuum detector",
        "short": "Detector"
      },
      {
        "id": "uhv_chamber",
        "label": "UHV chamber / analytics",
        "short": "UHV chamber"
      }
    ],
    "actors": [
      {
        "id": "ceramtec",
        "name": "CeramTec / Ceramaseal",
        "country": "DE/US",
        "materials": [
          "alumina"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "feedthrough",
          "rf_window",
          "structural"
        ],
        "brazer": true,
        "integrated": true,
        "systems": [
          "uhv_chamber",
          "accelerator",
          "semi",
          "fusion"
        ],
        "note": "Broad-catalog alumina house that brazes its own feedthroughs, RF windows and structural pieces for UHV chambers, accelerators, semi and fusion."
      },
      {
        "id": "kyocera",
        "name": "Kyocera",
        "country": "JP",
        "materials": [
          "alumina",
          "aln"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "feedthrough",
          "rf_window",
          "substrate",
          "brazing"
        ],
        "brazer": true,
        "integrated": true,
        "systems": [
          "synchrotron",
          "fusion",
          "semi",
          "tube"
        ],
        "note": "Alumina and aluminium nitride manufacturer, brazes feedthroughs, RF windows and substrates for synchrotrons, fusion, semi and RF tubes."
      },
      {
        "id": "morgan",
        "name": "Morgan / Wesgo",
        "country": "UK/US/DE",
        "materials": [
          "alumina"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "feedthrough",
          "brazing",
          "structural"
        ],
        "brazer": true,
        "integrated": true,
        "systems": [
          "uhv_chamber",
          "tube",
          "semi"
        ],
        "note": "Alumina feedthroughs under the same roof as Wesgo braze alloys, plus structural pieces, into UHV chambers, RF tubes and semi."
      },
      {
        "id": "sct",
        "name": "SCT",
        "country": "FR",
        "materials": [
          "alumina",
          "zirconia",
          "sapphire"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "feedthrough",
          "brazing",
          "viewport",
          "structural"
        ],
        "brazer": true,
        "integrated": true,
        "systems": [
          "accelerator",
          "tube",
          "fusion"
        ],
        "note": "French house across alumina, zirconia and sapphire, brazing feedthroughs, viewports and structural pieces for accelerators, RF tubes and fusion."
      },
      {
        "id": "schott",
        "name": "Schott",
        "country": "DE",
        "materials": [
          "silica",
          "macor"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "feedthrough"
        ],
        "brazer": false,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "uhv_chamber",
          "semi"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "coorstek",
        "name": "CoorsTek",
        "country": "US",
        "materials": [
          "alumina",
          "aln",
          "sic"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "feedthrough",
          "substrate",
          "structural",
          "wear"
        ],
        "brazer": false,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "semi",
          "uhv_chamber"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "mpf",
        "name": "MPF",
        "country": "US",
        "materials": [
          "alumina",
          "sapphire"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "feedthrough",
          "viewport"
        ],
        "brazer": true,
        "integrated": true,
        "systems": [
          "uhv_chamber",
          "synchrotron"
        ],
        "note": "Alumina and sapphire feedthroughs and viewports brazed in-house, for UHV chambers and synchrotrons."
      },
      {
        "id": "sst",
        "name": "Solid Sealing",
        "country": "US",
        "materials": [
          "alumina"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "feedthrough",
          "brazing"
        ],
        "brazer": true,
        "integrated": true,
        "systems": [
          "uhv_chamber",
          "semi",
          "accelerator"
        ],
        "note": "Alumina feedthroughs, brazing and hermeticity testing under one roof, sold to UHV chambers, semi and accelerators."
      },
      {
        "id": "isi",
        "name": "Insulator Seal",
        "country": "US",
        "materials": [
          "alumina"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "feedthrough"
        ],
        "brazer": false,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "uhv_chamber"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "louwers",
        "name": "Louwers Hanique",
        "country": "NL",
        "materials": [
          "silica",
          "alumina"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "feedthrough",
          "brazing"
        ],
        "brazer": true,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "uhv_chamber",
          "semi"
        ],
        "note": "Glass-to-metal and ceramic-to-metal seals, silica and alumina feedthroughs brazed from externally sourced ceramic, for UHV and semi."
      },
      {
        "id": "friatec",
        "name": "Friatec / DEGUSSIT",
        "country": "DE",
        "materials": [
          "alumina"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "feedthrough",
          "structural"
        ],
        "brazer": false,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "uhv_chamber",
          "accelerator"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "meetcera",
        "name": "Fuzhou Meetcera",
        "country": "CN",
        "materials": [
          "alumina"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "feedthrough"
        ],
        "brazer": false,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "uhv_chamber",
          "semi"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "cpi",
        "name": "CPI",
        "country": "US",
        "materials": [
          "alumina",
          "beo"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "rf_window",
          "brazing"
        ],
        "brazer": true,
        "integrated": true,
        "systems": [
          "accelerator",
          "tube"
        ],
        "note": "Alumina and beryllia RF windows brazed in-house, feeding accelerator and RF tube programs."
      },
      {
        "id": "thales",
        "name": "Thales",
        "country": "FR",
        "materials": [
          "alumina",
          "cvd_diamond"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "rf_window",
          "brazing"
        ],
        "brazer": true,
        "integrated": true,
        "systems": [
          "accelerator",
          "tube",
          "fusion"
        ],
        "note": "Alumina and CVD diamond RF windows brazed in-house, into accelerators, RF tubes and fusion heating."
      },
      {
        "id": "canon_etd",
        "name": "Canon ETD",
        "country": "JP",
        "materials": [
          "alumina"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "rf_window"
        ],
        "brazer": false,
        "integrated": true,
        "systems": [
          "tube"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "element_six",
        "name": "Element Six",
        "country": "UK",
        "materials": [
          "cvd_diamond"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "rf_window"
        ],
        "brazer": false,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "fusion",
          "tube"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "diamond_materials",
        "name": "Diamond Materials",
        "country": "DE",
        "materials": [
          "cvd_diamond"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "rf_window",
          "viewport"
        ],
        "brazer": false,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "fusion",
          "tube"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "imat",
        "name": "IMAT CVD",
        "country": "US/IN",
        "materials": [
          "cvd_diamond"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "rf_window"
        ],
        "brazer": false,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "accelerator",
          "tube"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "coherent",
        "name": "Coherent",
        "country": "US",
        "materials": [
          "cvd_diamond"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "rf_window",
          "viewport"
        ],
        "brazer": false,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "tube"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "sienna",
        "name": "Sienna Tech",
        "country": "US",
        "materials": [
          "alumina",
          "beo",
          "aln"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "rf_window"
        ],
        "brazer": false,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "tube",
          "accelerator"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "materion",
        "name": "Materion / Am. Beryllia",
        "country": "US",
        "materials": [
          "beo"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "rf_window",
          "substrate",
          "brazing"
        ],
        "brazer": true,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "tube",
          "detector"
        ],
        "note": "Beryllia specialist (Materion / American Beryllia), RF windows and substrate assemblies brazed for RF tubes and detectors."
      },
      {
        "id": "torr",
        "name": "Torr Scientific",
        "country": "UK",
        "materials": [
          "sapphire",
          "silica",
          "cvd_diamond"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "viewport",
          "brazing"
        ],
        "brazer": true,
        "integrated": true,
        "systems": [
          "uhv_chamber",
          "synchrotron",
          "ion_source"
        ],
        "note": "Sapphire, fused silica and CVD diamond viewports brazed in-house, for UHV, synchrotron and ion-source lines."
      },
      {
        "id": "vacgen",
        "name": "VacGen",
        "country": "UK",
        "materials": [
          "sapphire",
          "silica"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "viewport"
        ],
        "brazer": false,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "uhv_chamber"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "dmphotonics",
        "name": "DM Photonics",
        "country": "US",
        "materials": [
          "sapphire"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "viewport"
        ],
        "brazer": false,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "uhv_chamber"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "lesker",
        "name": "Kurt J. Lesker",
        "country": "US",
        "materials": [
          "sapphire",
          "silica"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "viewport"
        ],
        "brazer": false,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "uhv_chamber",
          "semi"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "vacom",
        "name": "VACOM",
        "country": "DE",
        "materials": [
          "sapphire",
          "silica",
          "alumina"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "viewport",
          "feedthrough"
        ],
        "brazer": false,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "uhv_chamber",
          "accelerator"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "rubicon",
        "name": "Rubicon",
        "country": "US",
        "materials": [
          "sapphire"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "powder",
          "viewport"
        ],
        "brazer": false,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "detector"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "maruwa",
        "name": "Maruwa",
        "country": "JP",
        "materials": [
          "aln",
          "alumina"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "substrate"
        ],
        "brazer": false,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "semi",
          "detector"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "toshiba_mat",
        "name": "Toshiba Materials",
        "country": "JP",
        "materials": [
          "aln"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "substrate"
        ],
        "brazer": false,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "semi",
          "detector"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "denka",
        "name": "Denka",
        "country": "JP",
        "materials": [
          "aln"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "substrate",
          "powder"
        ],
        "brazer": false,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "semi"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "rogers",
        "name": "Rogers / curamik",
        "country": "US/DE",
        "materials": [
          "aln",
          "alumina"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "substrate"
        ],
        "brazer": false,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "semi",
          "detector"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "elcon",
        "name": "Elcon Precision",
        "country": "US",
        "materials": [
          "alumina",
          "sapphire",
          "aln"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "brazing"
        ],
        "brazer": true,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "tube",
          "detector",
          "accelerator"
        ],
        "note": "Precision ceramic-to-metal brazing on alumina, sapphire and AlN sourced externally, for RF tubes, detectors and accelerators."
      },
      {
        "id": "altair",
        "name": "Altair",
        "country": "US",
        "materials": [
          "alumina",
          "zirconia"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "brazing"
        ],
        "brazer": true,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "tube",
          "uhv_chamber"
        ],
        "note": "Alumina and zirconia ceramic-to-metal brazing, ceramic sourced externally, for RF tubes and UHV chambers."
      },
      {
        "id": "aimtek",
        "name": "Aimtek",
        "country": "US",
        "materials": [
          "alumina"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "brazing"
        ],
        "brazer": true,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "tube",
          "uhv_chamber"
        ],
        "note": "Alumina ceramic-to-metal brazing, ceramic sourced externally, for RF tubes and UHV chambers."
      },
      {
        "id": "brazetec",
        "name": "Brazetec (Umicore)",
        "country": "DE",
        "materials": [
          "alumina"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "brazing",
          "powder"
        ],
        "brazer": true,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "tube"
        ],
        "note": "Umicore's brazing brand, supplying active-braze filler metals (AgCu-Ti and equivalents) with contract brazing on the side, into the RF tube line."
      },
      {
        "id": "great_ceramic",
        "name": "Great Ceramic",
        "country": "CN",
        "materials": [
          "alumina",
          "aln"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "brazing",
          "substrate"
        ],
        "brazer": true,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "tube",
          "uhv_chamber"
        ],
        "note": "Chinese alumina and aluminium nitride house running a brazing line for RF tubes and UHV chambers."
      },
      {
        "id": "mcdanel",
        "name": "McDanel",
        "country": "US",
        "materials": [
          "alumina"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "structural",
          "brazing"
        ],
        "brazer": false,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "accelerator",
          "tube"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "saint_gobain",
        "name": "Saint-Gobain",
        "country": "FR/US",
        "materials": [
          "sic",
          "alumina",
          "zirconia"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "structural",
          "powder"
        ],
        "brazer": false,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "synchrotron",
          "semi"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "corning",
        "name": "Corning (Macor)",
        "country": "US",
        "materials": [
          "macor"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "structural"
        ],
        "brazer": false,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "uhv_chamber"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "boostec",
        "name": "Boostec / Mersen",
        "country": "FR",
        "materials": [
          "sic"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "structural"
        ],
        "brazer": false,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "synchrotron",
          "detector"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "solcera",
        "name": "Solcera",
        "country": "FR",
        "materials": [
          "alumina",
          "zirconia"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "structural",
          "wear"
        ],
        "brazer": false,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "uhv_chamber"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "final_mat",
        "name": "Final Adv. Materials",
        "country": "FR",
        "materials": [
          "macor",
          "bn",
          "alumina"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "structural"
        ],
        "brazer": false,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "uhv_chamber"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "insaco",
        "name": "Insaco",
        "country": "US",
        "materials": [
          "sapphire",
          "alumina"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "structural",
          "wear"
        ],
        "brazer": false,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "uhv_chamber",
          "detector"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "baikowski",
        "name": "Baikowski",
        "country": "FR",
        "materials": [
          "alumina"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "powder"
        ],
        "brazer": false,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "semi"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "tokuyama",
        "name": "Tokuyama",
        "country": "JP",
        "materials": [
          "aln",
          "bn"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "powder"
        ],
        "brazer": false,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "semi"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "hcstarck",
        "name": "H.C. Starck / Hoganas",
        "country": "DE",
        "materials": [
          "aln",
          "sic"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "powder"
        ],
        "brazer": false,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "semi"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "ngk",
        "name": "NGK Insulators",
        "country": "JP",
        "materials": [
          "alumina",
          "aln"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "feedthrough",
          "substrate",
          "structural"
        ],
        "brazer": false,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "semi",
          "detector",
          "uhv_chamber"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "ferrotec",
        "name": "Ferrotec",
        "country": "JP",
        "materials": [
          "alumina",
          "aln",
          "sic",
          "si3n4",
          "silica"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "feedthrough",
          "substrate",
          "structural"
        ],
        "brazer": false,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "semi",
          "uhv_chamber"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "niterra",
        "name": "Niterra (NTK)",
        "country": "JP",
        "materials": [
          "alumina",
          "aln"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "substrate",
          "structural"
        ],
        "brazer": false,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "semi",
          "detector"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "toto",
        "name": "TOTO Adv. Ceramics",
        "country": "JP",
        "materials": [
          "alumina",
          "aln"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "substrate",
          "structural",
          "wear"
        ],
        "brazer": false,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "semi"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "mico",
        "name": "MiCo Ceramics",
        "country": "KR",
        "materials": [
          "alumina",
          "aln",
          "sic",
          "si3n4"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "substrate",
          "structural",
          "wear"
        ],
        "brazer": false,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "semi"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "wonik",
        "name": "Wonik QnC",
        "country": "KR",
        "materials": [
          "alumina",
          "aln",
          "sic",
          "si3n4",
          "silica"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "substrate",
          "structural"
        ],
        "brazer": false,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "semi"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "tonghsing",
        "name": "Tong Hsing",
        "country": "TW",
        "materials": [
          "alumina",
          "aln"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "substrate"
        ],
        "brazer": false,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "semi",
          "detector"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "leatec",
        "name": "Leatec Fine Cer.",
        "country": "TW",
        "materials": [
          "alumina",
          "aln"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "substrate"
        ],
        "brazer": false,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "semi"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "cctc",
        "name": "Chaozhou 3-Circle",
        "country": "CN",
        "materials": [
          "alumina",
          "zirconia"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "substrate",
          "feedthrough",
          "structural"
        ],
        "brazer": false,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "semi"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "huaqing",
        "name": "Fujian Huaqing",
        "country": "CN",
        "materials": [
          "aln"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "substrate"
        ],
        "brazer": false,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "semi",
          "detector"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "schunk_xycarb",
        "name": "Schunk Xycarb",
        "country": "NL",
        "materials": [
          "sic",
          "silica"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "structural",
          "substrate"
        ],
        "brazer": false,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "semi"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "monocrystal",
        "name": "Monocrystal",
        "country": "RU",
        "materials": [
          "sapphire"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "powder",
          "viewport"
        ],
        "brazer": false,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "detector"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "plansee",
        "name": "Plansee",
        "country": "AT",
        "materials": [
          "refractory_metal"
        ],
        "functions": [
          "refractory"
        ],
        "brazer": false,
        "integrated": false,
        "systems": [
          "tube",
          "semi",
          "detector",
          "accelerator"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "edges": [
      {
        "source": "ceramtec",
        "target": "uhv_chamber"
      },
      {
        "source": "ceramtec",
        "target": "accelerator"
      },
      {
        "source": "ceramtec",
        "target": "semi"
      },
      {
        "source": "ceramtec",
        "target": "fusion"
      },
      {
        "source": "kyocera",
        "target": "synchrotron"
      },
      {
        "source": "kyocera",
        "target": "fusion"
      },
      {
        "source": "kyocera",
        "target": "semi"
      },
      {
        "source": "kyocera",
        "target": "tube"
      },
      {
        "source": "morgan",
        "target": "uhv_chamber"
      },
      {
        "source": "morgan",
        "target": "tube"
      },
      {
        "source": "morgan",
        "target": "semi"
      },
      {
        "source": "sct",
        "target": "accelerator"
      },
      {
        "source": "sct",
        "target": "tube"
      },
      {
        "source": "sct",
        "target": "fusion"
      },
      {
        "source": "schott",
        "target": "uhv_chamber"
      },
      {
        "source": "schott",
        "target": "semi"
      },
      {
        "source": "coorstek",
        "target": "semi"
      },
      {
        "source": "coorstek",
        "target": "uhv_chamber"
      },
      {
        "source": "mpf",
        "target": "uhv_chamber"
      },
      {
        "source": "mpf",
        "target": "synchrotron"
      },
      {
        "source": "sst",
        "target": "uhv_chamber"
      },
      {
        "source": "sst",
        "target": "semi"
      },
      {
        "source": "sst",
        "target": "accelerator"
      },
      {
        "source": "isi",
        "target": "uhv_chamber"
      },
      {
        "source": "louwers",
        "target": "uhv_chamber"
      },
      {
        "source": "louwers",
        "target": "semi"
      },
      {
        "source": "friatec",
        "target": "uhv_chamber"
      },
      {
        "source": "friatec",
        "target": "accelerator"
      },
      {
        "source": "meetcera",
        "target": "uhv_chamber"
      },
      {
        "source": "meetcera",
        "target": "semi"
      },
      {
        "source": "cpi",
        "target": "accelerator"
      },
      {
        "source": "cpi",
        "target": "tube"
      },
      {
        "source": "thales",
        "target": "accelerator"
      },
      {
        "source": "thales",
        "target": "tube"
      },
      {
        "source": "thales",
        "target": "fusion"
      },
      {
        "source": "canon_etd",
        "target": "tube"
      },
      {
        "source": "element_six",
        "target": "fusion"
      },
      {
        "source": "element_six",
        "target": "tube"
      },
      {
        "source": "diamond_materials",
        "target": "fusion"
      },
      {
        "source": "diamond_materials",
        "target": "tube"
      },
      {
        "source": "imat",
        "target": "accelerator"
      },
      {
        "source": "imat",
        "target": "tube"
      },
      {
        "source": "coherent",
        "target": "tube"
      },
      {
        "source": "sienna",
        "target": "tube"
      },
      {
        "source": "sienna",
        "target": "accelerator"
      },
      {
        "source": "materion",
        "target": "tube"
      },
      {
        "source": "materion",
        "target": "detector"
      },
      {
        "source": "torr",
        "target": "uhv_chamber"
      },
      {
        "source": "torr",
        "target": "synchrotron"
      },
      {
        "source": "torr",
        "target": "ion_source"
      },
      {
        "source": "vacgen",
        "target": "uhv_chamber"
      },
      {
        "source": "dmphotonics",
        "target": "uhv_chamber"
      },
      {
        "source": "lesker",
        "target": "uhv_chamber"
      },
      {
        "source": "lesker",
        "target": "semi"
      },
      {
        "source": "vacom",
        "target": "uhv_chamber"
      },
      {
        "source": "vacom",
        "target": "accelerator"
      },
      {
        "source": "rubicon",
        "target": "detector"
      },
      {
        "source": "maruwa",
        "target": "semi"
      },
      {
        "source": "maruwa",
        "target": "detector"
      },
      {
        "source": "toshiba_mat",
        "target": "semi"
      },
      {
        "source": "toshiba_mat",
        "target": "detector"
      },
      {
        "source": "denka",
        "target": "semi"
      },
      {
        "source": "rogers",
        "target": "semi"
      },
      {
        "source": "rogers",
        "target": "detector"
      },
      {
        "source": "elcon",
        "target": "tube"
      },
      {
        "source": "elcon",
        "target": "detector"
      },
      {
        "source": "elcon",
        "target": "accelerator"
      },
      {
        "source": "altair",
        "target": "tube"
      },
      {
        "source": "altair",
        "target": "uhv_chamber"
      },
      {
        "source": "aimtek",
        "target": "tube"
      },
      {
        "source": "aimtek",
        "target": "uhv_chamber"
      },
      {
        "source": "brazetec",
        "target": "tube"
      },
      {
        "source": "great_ceramic",
        "target": "tube"
      },
      {
        "source": "great_ceramic",
        "target": "uhv_chamber"
      },
      {
        "source": "mcdanel",
        "target": "accelerator"
      },
      {
        "source": "mcdanel",
        "target": "tube"
      },
      {
        "source": "saint_gobain",
        "target": "synchrotron"
      },
      {
        "source": "saint_gobain",
        "target": "semi"
      },
      {
        "source": "corning",
        "target": "uhv_chamber"
      },
      {
        "source": "boostec",
        "target": "synchrotron"
      },
      {
        "source": "boostec",
        "target": "detector"
      },
      {
        "source": "solcera",
        "target": "uhv_chamber"
      },
      {
        "source": "final_mat",
        "target": "uhv_chamber"
      },
      {
        "source": "insaco",
        "target": "uhv_chamber"
      },
      {
        "source": "insaco",
        "target": "detector"
      },
      {
        "source": "baikowski",
        "target": "semi"
      },
      {
        "source": "tokuyama",
        "target": "semi"
      },
      {
        "source": "hcstarck",
        "target": "semi"
      },
      {
        "source": "ngk",
        "target": "semi"
      },
      {
        "source": "ngk",
        "target": "detector"
      },
      {
        "source": "ngk",
        "target": "uhv_chamber"
      },
      {
        "source": "ferrotec",
        "target": "semi"
      },
      {
        "source": "ferrotec",
        "target": "uhv_chamber"
      },
      {
        "source": "niterra",
        "target": "semi"
      },
      {
        "source": "niterra",
        "target": "detector"
      },
      {
        "source": "toto",
        "target": "semi"
      },
      {
        "source": "mico",
        "target": "semi"
      },
      {
        "source": "wonik",
        "target": "semi"
      },
      {
        "source": "tonghsing",
        "target": "semi"
      },
      {
        "source": "tonghsing",
        "target": "detector"
      },
      {
        "source": "leatec",
        "target": "semi"
      },
      {
        "source": "cctc",
        "target": "semi"
      },
      {
        "source": "huaqing",
        "target": "semi"
      },
      {
        "source": "huaqing",
        "target": "detector"
      },
      {
        "source": "schunk_xycarb",
        "target": "semi"
      },
      {
        "source": "monocrystal",
        "target": "detector"
      },
      {
        "source": "plansee",
        "target": "tube"
      },
      {
        "source": "plansee",
        "target": "semi"
      },
      {
        "source": "plansee",
        "target": "detector"
      },
      {
        "source": "plansee",
        "target": "accelerator"
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "rating": "C",
        "label": "Owner-collected industry snapshot, raw JSON dated 2026-07-12, kept in-repo at src/data/ceramic-vacuum-actors.raw.json."
      }
    ],
    "sourcesNote": "Rated [C] contextual : one owner-authored survey, not a peer-reviewed source. Every catalogue and datasheet cited during collection lives in-house."
  }
}