{
  "dataset": "gauges",
  "schemaVersion": 2,
  "version": "2026-10-14",
  "updated": "2026-10-14",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0",
  "attribution": "Mean Free Path, Pierre F. Ribault",
  "canonical": "https://pierreribault.com/data/gauges.json",
  "data": {
    "sourceRegistry": {
      "S-JOUSTEN-CAS2006-FINE": {
        "cle": "S-JOUSTEN-CAS2006-FINE",
        "emportable": true,
        "cite": "K. Jousten, Vacuum gauges for the fine and high vacuum, CERN Accelerator School, Vacuum in Accelerators, Platja d’Aro, 16-24 May 2006",
        "url": "https://cas.web.cern.ch/sites/default/files/lectures/platjadaro-2006/jousten-1.pdf",
        "equation": "Slide 9, overview of the principles: the capacitance/piezo/piezoresistive/membrane group is labeled \"Gas independent, total pressure, p = F/A\", the thermal-conduction group (Pirani, thermocouple) is labeled \"Gas dependent, difficult to interpret\". Slide 30, Helium/Nitrogen correction factor measured on four commercial Pirani gauges (Pfeiffer, Thyracont, MKS, Leybold), from 0.95-1.20 below 0.1 mbar to near 0 above 10 mbar. Slide 44, table \"Relative measurement uncertainty of commercially available vacuum gauges\": Pirani gauges, measurement range 1e-1 to 1e4 Pa. Capacitance diaphragm gauges, measurement range 1e-4 to 1e5 Pa",
        "verifie": "2026-09-08"
      },
      "S-JOUSTEN-CAS2006-UHV": {
        "cle": "S-JOUSTEN-CAS2006-UHV",
        "emportable": true,
        "cite": "K. Jousten, Ultrahigh vacuum gauges, CERN Accelerator School, Vacuum in Accelerators, Platja d’Aro, 16-24 May 2006",
        "url": "https://cas.web.cern.ch/sites/default/files/lectures/platjadaro-2006/jousten-2.pdf",
        "equation": "Slides 8 to 17, the Penning gauge: crossed electric and magnetic field diagram (vector B named on the diagram), the magnetic field is constitutive of the principle. Slides 19 to 22, effects in the Bayard-Alpert gauge: 1 the intended ionization, 2 electron-stimulated desorption (ESD), 3 the X-ray effect, 4 the inverse X-ray effect: effects 2 and 3 cap the reading at low pressure, the extractor gauge reduces this residual current through a geometry that moves the collector away from the ionization volume rather than through an added field. Slide 44, same table as S-JOUSTEN-CAS2006-FINE: Penning gauges, measurement range 1e-7 to 1 Pa. Ionization gauges (emission cathodes, Bayard-Alpert and extractor), measurement range 1e-10 to 1e-2 Pa",
        "verifie": "2026-09-08"
      },
      "S-INFICON-IE414-IE514": {
        "cle": "S-INFICON-IE414-IE514",
        "emportable": true,
        "cite": "INFICON, IE414 and IE514 Sensors, High-end Hot Ion Gauges, Passive, datasheet tiba70e1-b, 2024",
        "url": "https://www.inficon.com/media/9723/download/IE414,-IE514-Sensors-High-end-Hot-Ion-Gauges-Datasheet.pdf",
        "equation": "Specifications table, row \"Measurement range (N2)\": IE414, Bayard-Alpert gauge system, 2e-11 to 1e-2 mbar. IE514, extractor gauge system, 2e-12 to 1e-4 mbar. Cover page, stated X-ray limit: IE414 below 1e-11 mbar, IE514 below 1e-12 mbar",
        "verifie": "2026-09-09"
      }
    },
    "gauges": [
      {
        "cle": "pirani",
        "nom": "Pirani",
        "gammeTorr": {
          "haut": 75.00616827041698,
          "bas": 0.0007500616827041698
        },
        "gazCalibration": "azote",
        "invalideSi": [
          "gaz de calibration different de l azote sans facteur de correction : diapositive 30, quatre jauges commerciales (Pfeiffer, Thyracont, MKS, Leybold) rendent un facteur d azote sur helium entre 0,95 et 1,20 en dessous de 0,1 mbar, jusqu a l ecart total au-dela de 10 mbar",
          "composition du melange gazeux non connue avec precision : la conduction thermique mesuree depend de l espece, diapositive 9, « gas dependent, difficult to interpret »"
        ],
        "sourceCle": "S-JOUSTEN-CAS2006-FINE"
      },
      {
        "cle": "capacitif",
        "nom": "Capacitif (diaphragme)",
        "gammeTorr": {
          "haut": 1000,
          "bas": 7.500616827041698e-7
        },
        "gazCalibration": null,
        "sourceHauteCle": "S-MKS-631F",
        "invalideSi": [
          "pression sous 100 Pa (1 mbar) sans corriger l effet de transpiration thermique entre la membrane et la ligne de mesure : diapositive 41, « real total pressure only for force/area measuring gauges and > 100 Pa (1 mbar), below 100 Pa consider the thermal transpiration effect »",
          "temperature du boitier non stabilisee : diapositive 43, « enclosure temperature of Pirani changes varies, thermal transpiration effect changes in CDG »"
        ],
        "sourceCle": "S-JOUSTEN-CAS2006-FINE"
      },
      {
        "cle": "penning",
        "nom": "Penning (cathode froide)",
        "gammeTorr": {
          "haut": 0.007500616827041697,
          "bas": 7.500616827041698e-10
        },
        "gazCalibration": "azote",
        "invalideSi": [
          "champ magnetique absent ou trop faible : diapositives 8 a 17, le principe repose sur des champs electrique et magnetique croises qui allongent la trajectoire des electrons, sans champ B la decharge qui porte la mesure ne s entretient pas",
          "demarrage lent a tres basse pression, sensible au gaz : diapositive 38, le temps d amorçage d un magnetron inverse va de moins de 10 s (azote, argon) a plus de 160 s (helium) a 7,5e-8 Pa"
        ],
        "sourceCle": "S-JOUSTEN-CAS2006-UHV"
      },
      {
        "cle": "bayard-alpert",
        "nom": "Bayard-Alpert (cathode chaude, standard)",
        "gammeTorr": {
          "haut": 0.007500616827041698,
          "bas": 1.5001233654083396e-11
        },
        "gazCalibration": "azote",
        "invalideSi": [
          "tres basse pression sans mesurer separement l effet de rayons X et la desorption stimulee par electrons (ESD) : diapositive 20, ces deux courants plafonnent la lecture, diapositive 34, jusqu a 8,4 % d ecart mesure sur l helium pour une jauge de ce type (IMG1)",
          "gaz non calibre : diapositive 32, la constante normalisee K varie de 1,15 (H2) a 1,30 (He) contre 1,17 pour l azote et l argon, un ecart « up to 8 » (facteur, pas pourcent) signale sur la meme planche",
          "champ magnetique externe fort sans blindage, en accelerateur : diapositive 39, « strong magnetic fields (shielding necessary) »"
        ],
        "sourceCle": "S-INFICON-IE414-IE514"
      },
      {
        "cle": "extraction",
        "nom": "A cathode chaude, a extraction",
        "gammeTorr": {
          "haut": 0.00007500616827041698,
          "bas": 1.5001233654083396e-12
        },
        "gazCalibration": "azote",
        "invalideSi": [
          "gaz non calibre, meme reserve que la jauge Bayard-Alpert standard : diapositive 34, jusqu a 2,5 % d ecart mesure sur l azote pour une jauge de ce type (EXG)",
          "champ magnetique externe fort sans blindage, en accelerateur : diapositive 39, « strong magnetic fields (shielding necessary) »"
        ],
        "sourceCle": "S-INFICON-IE414-IE514"
      }
    ]
  }
}