ACTORS / ACCELERATORS

Vacuum landscape

Accelerators by vacuum challenge

Each site is colored by the dominant figure of merit for its vacuum, not by pressure alone.

Europe, enlarged

  • XHV / antimatter 10⁻¹² and below
  • SRF cleanliness cavity XHV, particulate-driven
  • NEG distributed pumping 10⁻¹⁰ mbar, sub-25 mm bore
  • Dynamic vacuum at scale cryogenic, beam-induced
  • Classical UHV 10⁻⁹ mbar, lumped pumps
Marker size
  • cavity XHV / trap
  • deep UHV ~10⁻¹⁰
  • UHV ~10⁻⁹
base-pressure band, coarse log scale. Color is still the primary dimension.

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