Oxygen-free copper C10100 / C10200

Brazing

Sourced pairings

Preparation

• Mo-Mn then Ni plating
• none
• OFE C10100, ASTM grain size 4 minimum
• not stated by the manufacturer
• OFE copper interlayer
• every brazed stainless surface is copper-electroplated before the brazing cycle
• molymanganese metallization on a quarter-inch band around the surface to be brazed, screen printed and fired at 1450 C, then the metallized area nickel plated and sintered at 1000 C, then light blasting with aluminum oxide particles after the braze
• mask the copper plated KOVAR and apply a light blasting with aluminum oxide particles to clean the beryllia surface

Compatibility

What documents state about this material faced with a filler metal, without the other member of the joint. A statement that names the exact filler comes first. A statement about a whole AWS class comes after it: a class covers dozens of alloys, so it is the weaker of the two, and the corpus never turns one into the other. Last come statements about a pair of base metals that name no filler at all. They are the weakest of the three, and they do not contradict the two above: a table that cannot generalize about a pair can still list a filler class for each metal of that pair separately. The three levels answer three different questions.

• listed35Au/65Cu
  Kohl lists this filler for copper, Kovar and nickel brazes.
  Conditions and source

  Book page 192, table XVI, Brazing filler metals for high-vacuum systems. The table carries its own reserve, printed under it: adapted from the list of a commercial manufacturer, so it relays a manufacturer selection list and not a measurement by the author. The Applications column names base metals and never names the other member of the joint. Row 8 of the table, composition Au 35 and Cu 65, which matches the corpus designation 35Au/65Cu (BAu-3) by name. The corpus entry is statut no-data, motif no source read this pass, so this compatibility statement is the only thing the corpus carries about that alloy and nothing here supplies its melting range. The table says copper without a grade. The corpus carries only oxygen-free copper C10100 and C10200 under copper-ofe, so the entry is narrower than the sentence it records.

  [A]W. H. Kohl, Soldering and brazing, Vacuum, volume 14, number 5, pages 175 to 198, 1964, Pergamon Press, PII 0042-207X(64)90858-9

  Peer-reviewed review article on soldering and brazing for vacuum devices, republished later in the Handbook of Vacuum Physics edited by A. H. Beck. Table XVI, Brazing filler metals for high-vacuum systems, book page 192, lists 21 filler metals with liquidus, solidus and an Applications column. The table carries its own reserve, printed under it: adapted from the list of a commercial manufacturer. It is therefore a manufacturer selection list relayed by the author, not a measurement of his own, and the Applications column names base metals without naming a partner. The page of each statement is carried by the entry that uses it, never by this registry line.

• listedBAu-1
  Kohl lists this filler for copper, Kovar and nickel.
  Conditions and source

  Book page 192, table XVI, Brazing filler metals for high-vacuum systems. The table carries its own reserve, printed under it: adapted from the list of a commercial manufacturer, so it relays a manufacturer selection list and not a measurement by the author. The Applications column names base metals and never names the other member of the joint. Row 9 of the table, composition Au 37.5 and Cu 62.5, which matches the corpus entry BAu-1 exactly. The table says copper without a grade. The corpus carries only oxygen-free copper C10100 and C10200 under copper-ofe, so the entry is narrower than the sentence it records.

  [A]W. H. Kohl, Soldering and brazing, Vacuum, volume 14, number 5, pages 175 to 198, 1964, Pergamon Press, PII 0042-207X(64)90858-9

  Peer-reviewed review article on soldering and brazing for vacuum devices, republished later in the Handbook of Vacuum Physics edited by A. H. Beck. Table XVI, Brazing filler metals for high-vacuum systems, book page 192, lists 21 filler metals with liquidus, solidus and an Applications column. The table carries its own reserve, printed under it: adapted from the list of a commercial manufacturer. It is therefore a manufacturer selection list relayed by the author, not a measurement of his own, and the Applications column names base metals without naming a partner. The page of each statement is carried by the entry that uses it, never by this registry line.

• does not attackCusil
  Schwartz reports that a 72Ag-28Cu eutectic filler metal, which the same passage identifies as BAg-8, filled several copper joints with no embrittlement at all, even under the most drastic brazing conditions employed, where zinc, cadmium and phosphorus bearing filler metals embrittled the same base metal.
  Conditions and source

  Book page 65, chapter 4, in the study of filler-metal induced embrittlement of copper. The passage reads: To narrow the possibilities of embrittlement, a 72Ag-28Cu eutectic filler metal was used to fill several joints, and there was no such embrittlement, even in the most drastic brazing conditions employed. The next sentences identify it: While BAg-8 contains silver as the only addition to copper, the other filler metals are a ternary or quaternary formulation, containing additions of zinc, cadmium, and phosphorus. Cusil is BAg-8 at 72 Ag and 28 Cu, so the filler is named and not projected. FOUR reserves. The SUBSTRATE of the study is tough pitch copper: the same page states that embrittlement occurred only in tough pitch copper, containing oxygen as Cu2O precipitates, but not in phosphorus-deoxidized copper, which is completely free of oxides. The corpus key covers that grade, its Matter card listing C11000 ETP among four grades, but the reading is about THAT grade and not about C10100 or C10200. The result is a NEGATIVE of an experiment and not a general clearance: it says this filler did not embrittle where others did, in that study, under those conditions. The mechanism the chapter proposes turns on the filler being able to reduce copper oxide, and it states that silver cannot act as a reducing agent, which is why this entry is does-not-attack and not merely an absence of record. And nothing here is stated about oxygen-free copper, on which the same chapter warns, page 64, that improper heating may oxidise it and make it subject to hydrogen embrittlement in its turn.

  [A]M. M. Schwartz, Brazing, 2nd edition, ASM International, 2003, chapter 4, Base Metals and Base-Metal Family Groups, DOI 10.1361/brse2003p063

  Chapter 4 of the second edition, book pages 63 to 162 in the copy read, which treats base metals family by family and states metallurgical reactions, atmosphere limits and filler selection guides. It is a handbook chapter, not a qualification record. The page of each statement is carried by the entry that uses it, never by this registry line.

• wetsNioro
  Kohl states that this filler will wet tungsten and molybdenum as well as copper, Kovar, nickel and stainless steel, with excellent flow.
  Conditions and source

  Book page 192, table XVI, Brazing filler metals for high-vacuum systems. The table carries its own reserve, printed under it: adapted from the list of a commercial manufacturer, so it relays a manufacturer selection list and not a measurement by the author. The Applications column names base metals and never names the other member of the joint. Row 13 of the table, composition Ni 18 and Au 82, which matches the corpus entry Nioro BAu-4 exactly. The table says copper without a grade. The corpus carries only oxygen-free copper C10100 and C10200 under copper-ofe, so the entry is narrower than the sentence it records.

  [A]W. H. Kohl, Soldering and brazing, Vacuum, volume 14, number 5, pages 175 to 198, 1964, Pergamon Press, PII 0042-207X(64)90858-9

  Peer-reviewed review article on soldering and brazing for vacuum devices, republished later in the Handbook of Vacuum Physics edited by A. H. Beck. Table XVI, Brazing filler metals for high-vacuum systems, book page 192, lists 21 filler metals with liquidus, solidus and an Applications column. The table carries its own reserve, printed under it: adapted from the list of a commercial manufacturer. It is therefore a manufacturer selection list relayed by the author, not a measurement of his own, and the Applications column names base metals without naming a partner. The page of each statement is carried by the entry that uses it, never by this registry line.

• listedAWS class BAg
  The AWS combination table lists the BAg class for brazing this base metal to Cu and Cu alloys, carbon and low-alloy steels, cast iron, stainless steel, Ni and Ni alloys, Ti and Ti alloys, Be, Zr, V and alloys, reactive metals, W, Mo, Ta, Nb and alloys, refractory metals, tool steels.
  Conditions and source

  Book page 75, chapter 3, table 3.2, Base Metal-Brazing Filler Metal Combinations. The cells that carry this class for this base metal name these partners: Cu and Cu alloys, carbon and low-alloy steels, cast iron, stainless steel, Ni and Ni alloys, Ti and Ti alloys, Be, Zr, V and alloys, reactive metals, W, Mo, Ta, Nb and alloys, refractory metals, tool steels. A partner is what the cell pairs the base metal with, it does not index this entry. The table lists classes, it does not qualify them, and an empty cell is never a prohibition. The class is written as the document writes it, BAl-Si becoming BAlSi here, and it is never mapped to any grade of the corpus. The dagger printed by the document on this cell reads: special brazing filler metals are available and used successfully for specific metal combinations. The table names the family Cu and Cu alloys. The corpus carries only oxygen-free copper C10100 and C10200 under copper-ofe, so the entry is narrower than the cell it records.

  [A]AWS Brazing Handbook, American Welding Society, chapter 3 Brazing Filler Metals and chapter 33 Electron Tubes and Vacuum Equipment

  Handbook of the American Welding Society. Three tables are read by the corpus. Table 3.2 page 75, Base Metal-Brazing Filler Metal Combinations, a two-entry matrix of base metal families whose cells carry AWS filler classes. Table 3.3 page 76, Maximum Service Temperatures Recommended for Various Brazing Filler Metal Compositions, one continuous and one short-term temperature per class. Table 33.1 page 585, Composition of Brazing Filler Metals Specially Produced for the Brazing of Vacuum Devices and Equipment, with liquidus and solidus in Fahrenheit and Celsius. The chapter, the table and the page of each statement are carried by the entry that uses it, never by this registry line.

• listedAWS class BAu
  The AWS combination table lists the BAu class for brazing this base metal to Cu and Cu alloys, carbon and low-alloy steels, cast iron, stainless steel, Ni and Ni alloys, tool steels.
  Conditions and source

  Book page 75, chapter 3, table 3.2, Base Metal-Brazing Filler Metal Combinations. The cells that carry this class for this base metal name these partners: Cu and Cu alloys, carbon and low-alloy steels, cast iron, stainless steel, Ni and Ni alloys, tool steels. A partner is what the cell pairs the base metal with, it does not index this entry. The table lists classes, it does not qualify them, and an empty cell is never a prohibition. The class is written as the document writes it, BAl-Si becoming BAlSi here, and it is never mapped to any grade of the corpus. The table names the family Cu and Cu alloys. The corpus carries only oxygen-free copper C10100 and C10200 under copper-ofe, so the entry is narrower than the cell it records.

  [A]AWS Brazing Handbook, American Welding Society, chapter 3 Brazing Filler Metals and chapter 33 Electron Tubes and Vacuum Equipment

  Handbook of the American Welding Society. Three tables are read by the corpus. Table 3.2 page 75, Base Metal-Brazing Filler Metal Combinations, a two-entry matrix of base metal families whose cells carry AWS filler classes. Table 3.3 page 76, Maximum Service Temperatures Recommended for Various Brazing Filler Metal Compositions, one continuous and one short-term temperature per class. Table 33.1 page 585, Composition of Brazing Filler Metals Specially Produced for the Brazing of Vacuum Devices and Equipment, with liquidus and solidus in Fahrenheit and Celsius. The chapter, the table and the page of each statement are carried by the entry that uses it, never by this registry line.

• listedAWS class BCuP
  The AWS combination table lists the BCuP class for brazing this base metal to Cu and Cu alloys.
  Conditions and source

  Book page 75, chapter 3, table 3.2, Base Metal-Brazing Filler Metal Combinations. The cells that carry this class for this base metal name these partners: Cu and Cu alloys. A partner is what the cell pairs the base metal with, it does not index this entry. The table lists classes, it does not qualify them, and an empty cell is never a prohibition. The class is written as the document writes it, BAl-Si becoming BAlSi here, and it is never mapped to any grade of the corpus. The table names the family Cu and Cu alloys. The corpus carries only oxygen-free copper C10100 and C10200 under copper-ofe, so the entry is narrower than the cell it records.

  [A]AWS Brazing Handbook, American Welding Society, chapter 3 Brazing Filler Metals and chapter 33 Electron Tubes and Vacuum Equipment

  Handbook of the American Welding Society. Three tables are read by the corpus. Table 3.2 page 75, Base Metal-Brazing Filler Metal Combinations, a two-entry matrix of base metal families whose cells carry AWS filler classes. Table 3.3 page 76, Maximum Service Temperatures Recommended for Various Brazing Filler Metal Compositions, one continuous and one short-term temperature per class. Table 33.1 page 585, Composition of Brazing Filler Metals Specially Produced for the Brazing of Vacuum Devices and Equipment, with liquidus and solidus in Fahrenheit and Celsius. The chapter, the table and the page of each statement are carried by the entry that uses it, never by this registry line.

• listedAWS class BNi
  The AWS combination table lists the BNi class for brazing this base metal to Cu and Cu alloys, carbon and low-alloy steels, cast iron, stainless steel, Ni and Ni alloys, tool steels.
  Conditions and source

  Book page 75, chapter 3, table 3.2, Base Metal-Brazing Filler Metal Combinations. The cells that carry this class for this base metal name these partners: Cu and Cu alloys, carbon and low-alloy steels, cast iron, stainless steel, Ni and Ni alloys, tool steels. A partner is what the cell pairs the base metal with, it does not index this entry. The table lists classes, it does not qualify them, and an empty cell is never a prohibition. The class is written as the document writes it, BAl-Si becoming BAlSi here, and it is never mapped to any grade of the corpus. The table names the family Cu and Cu alloys. The corpus carries only oxygen-free copper C10100 and C10200 under copper-ofe, so the entry is narrower than the cell it records.

  [A]AWS Brazing Handbook, American Welding Society, chapter 3 Brazing Filler Metals and chapter 33 Electron Tubes and Vacuum Equipment

  Handbook of the American Welding Society. Three tables are read by the corpus. Table 3.2 page 75, Base Metal-Brazing Filler Metal Combinations, a two-entry matrix of base metal families whose cells carry AWS filler classes. Table 3.3 page 76, Maximum Service Temperatures Recommended for Various Brazing Filler Metal Compositions, one continuous and one short-term temperature per class. Table 33.1 page 585, Composition of Brazing Filler Metals Specially Produced for the Brazing of Vacuum Devices and Equipment, with liquidus and solidus in Fahrenheit and Celsius. The chapter, the table and the page of each statement are carried by the entry that uses it, never by this registry line.

• listedAWS class RBCuZn
  The AWS combination table lists the RBCuZn class for brazing this base metal to Cu and Cu alloys, carbon and low-alloy steels, cast iron, Ni and Ni alloys, tool steels.
  Conditions and source

  Book page 75, chapter 3, table 3.2, Base Metal-Brazing Filler Metal Combinations. The cells that carry this class for this base metal name these partners: Cu and Cu alloys, carbon and low-alloy steels, cast iron, Ni and Ni alloys, tool steels. A partner is what the cell pairs the base metal with, it does not index this entry. The table lists classes, it does not qualify them, and an empty cell is never a prohibition. The class is written as the document writes it, BAl-Si becoming BAlSi here, and it is never mapped to any grade of the corpus. The table names the family Cu and Cu alloys. The corpus carries only oxygen-free copper C10100 and C10200 under copper-ofe, so the entry is narrower than the cell it records.

  [A]AWS Brazing Handbook, American Welding Society, chapter 3 Brazing Filler Metals and chapter 33 Electron Tubes and Vacuum Equipment

  Handbook of the American Welding Society. Three tables are read by the corpus. Table 3.2 page 75, Base Metal-Brazing Filler Metal Combinations, a two-entry matrix of base metal families whose cells carry AWS filler classes. Table 3.3 page 76, Maximum Service Temperatures Recommended for Various Brazing Filler Metal Compositions, one continuous and one short-term temperature per class. Table 33.1 page 585, Composition of Brazing Filler Metals Specially Produced for the Brazing of Vacuum Devices and Equipment, with liquidus and solidus in Fahrenheit and Celsius. The chapter, the table and the page of each statement are carried by the entry that uses it, never by this registry line.

Against another base metal, no filler named:

• not recommendedAl and Al Alloys
  The AWS combination table does not recommend brazing this base metal to Al and Al Alloys.
  Conditions and source

  Book page 75, chapter 3, table 3.2, Base Metal-Brazing Filler Metal Combinations. The cell names no filler metal of any kind, neither a grade nor an AWS class. It states something about the combination of two base metals and nothing else. The document prints this reserve under the table and it is carried here in full: X means not recommended, however special techniques may be viable for certain dissimilar metal combinations. The table names the family Cu and Cu Alloys, and the corpus carries only oxygen-free copper C10100 and C10200 under copper-ofe. The table names the family Al and Al Alloys, and the corpus carries 6061.

  [A]AWS Brazing Handbook, American Welding Society, chapter 3 Brazing Filler Metals and chapter 33 Electron Tubes and Vacuum Equipment

  Handbook of the American Welding Society. Three tables are read by the corpus. Table 3.2 page 75, Base Metal-Brazing Filler Metal Combinations, a two-entry matrix of base metal families whose cells carry AWS filler classes. Table 3.3 page 76, Maximum Service Temperatures Recommended for Various Brazing Filler Metal Compositions, one continuous and one short-term temperature per class. Table 33.1 page 585, Composition of Brazing Filler Metals Specially Produced for the Brazing of Vacuum Devices and Equipment, with liquidus and solidus in Fahrenheit and Celsius. The chapter, the table and the page of each statement are carried by the entry that uses it, never by this registry line.

• not recommendedMg and Mg Alloys
  The AWS combination table does not recommend brazing this base metal to Mg and Mg Alloys.
  Conditions and source

  Book page 75, chapter 3, table 3.2, Base Metal-Brazing Filler Metal Combinations. The cell names no filler metal of any kind, neither a grade nor an AWS class. It states something about the combination of two base metals and nothing else. The document prints this reserve under the table and it is carried here in full: X means not recommended, however special techniques may be viable for certain dissimilar metal combinations. The table names the family Cu and Cu Alloys, and the corpus carries only oxygen-free copper C10100 and C10200 under copper-ofe.

  [A]AWS Brazing Handbook, American Welding Society, chapter 3 Brazing Filler Metals and chapter 33 Electron Tubes and Vacuum Equipment

  Handbook of the American Welding Society. Three tables are read by the corpus. Table 3.2 page 75, Base Metal-Brazing Filler Metal Combinations, a two-entry matrix of base metal families whose cells carry AWS filler classes. Table 3.3 page 76, Maximum Service Temperatures Recommended for Various Brazing Filler Metal Compositions, one continuous and one short-term temperature per class. Table 33.1 page 585, Composition of Brazing Filler Metals Specially Produced for the Brazing of Vacuum Devices and Equipment, with liquidus and solidus in Fahrenheit and Celsius. The chapter, the table and the page of each statement are carried by the entry that uses it, never by this registry line.

Chemical affinity

What documents state about a BINARY SYSTEM, one element of a filler metal faced with one element of this material. An affinity is not a verdict on a joint: a joint brings many binaries together at once, some helpful and some harmful, and what follows is the list of those the corpus can name. The count below is not written anywhere. It falls out of the crossing of this material's elements with the composition of every filler the corpus holds, so it grows on its own the day a binary enters the corpus.

Elements of this material: Cu, the material is the element.

Open in the brazing abacus →