Nickel and nickel plating

Brazing

Sourced pairings

Preparation

• Mo-Mn then Ni plating
• none

Fillers that name it as a base

Read off the filler datasheets, not off a sourced assembly: a datasheet names a family of base materials, which is weaker evidence than a pairing.

• Cusil solidus 780 °C listed under nickel
• Nioro solidus 955 °C listed under nickel
• Palcusil 15 solidus 850 °C listed under nickel
• Incusil 10 solidus 685 °C listed under nickel

Compatibility

What documents state about this material faced with a filler metal, without the other member of the joint. A statement that names the exact filler comes first. A statement about a whole AWS class comes after it: a class covers dozens of alloys, so it is the weaker of the two, and the corpus never turns one into the other. Last come statements about a pair of base metals that name no filler at all. They are the weakest of the three, and they do not contradict the two above: a table that cannot generalize about a pair can still list a filler class for each metal of that pair separately. The three levels answer three different questions.

• attacksBCu-1

  The ASM Joining article states that pure molten copper dissolves and consumes a nickel layer, and that once that layer is gone the bond can fail.

  [A]Joining, in Engineered Materials Handbook Desk Edition, M. M. Gauthier editor, ASM International, 1995, pages 846 to 864, DOI 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003056

  Conditions and source

  Page 851, Brazing subsection of the moly-manganese process, read at the page image at 150 dpi because the OCR layer of this PDF is unreliable on this page. The passage reads: One of the major problems associated with brazing metallized ceramic is the penetration of the brazing filler metal through the molybdenum layer. For example, pure molten copper dissolves and consumes the nickel layer. Once the nickel layer is consumed, nickel in the molten filler metal can then attack the molybdenum layer. This can result in bond failure at the molybdenum-ceramic interface. FOUR reserves, and none of them is closed by this entry. ONE, the nickel the article speaks of is a COATING, electroless or electrolytic, of the order of a few micrometres, deposited over a sintered molybdenum layer on a metallized alumina. The corpus key covers nickel and nickel plating and its Matter card is titled Nickel and nickel plating, so the match is on the material and not on the geometry: nothing here is stated about a wrought nickel 200 member. TWO, the article names a CONTROL and not a prohibition. Its own next sentences are: to minimize penetration, the brazing temperature and time should be controlled carefully, and, for large components, a copper coating is recommended instead because it will drastically minimize the penetration. That is why this entry is attacks and not proscribed: the document constates a dissolution, it does not instruct to avoid the filler. THREE, no temperature, no time and no thickness are given for the onset, so nothing here says when the layer is consumed. FOUR, the passage carries no Ref number in the article, unlike most of its neighbours, so no primary measurement can be reached from it. The same passage is the source of two affinities of this corpus, ag--ni--asm851 and ni--mo--asm851.

  Handbook article, consulted as a PDF whose printed page numbers run 846 to 864. The article is itself a digest of the Ceramics and Glasses volume 4 of the Engineered Materials Handbook, so its statements are second-hand summaries of the papers it cites by Ref number. The Ref numbers are kept in the conditions of each entry, because a reader who wants the primary measurement needs them.

• listed35Au/65Cu
  Kohl lists this filler for copper, Kovar and nickel brazes.
  Conditions and source

  Book page 192, table XVI, Brazing filler metals for high-vacuum systems. The table carries its own reserve, printed under it: adapted from the list of a commercial manufacturer, so it relays a manufacturer selection list and not a measurement by the author. The Applications column names base metals and never names the other member of the joint. Row 8 of the table, composition Au 35 and Cu 65, which matches the corpus designation 35Au/65Cu (BAu-3) by name. The corpus entry is statut no-data, motif no source read this pass, so this compatibility statement is the only thing the corpus carries about that alloy and nothing here supplies its melting range. The table says nickel without a grade. The corpus carries only Nickel 200 under nickel-200, so the entry is narrower than the sentence it records.

  [A]W. H. Kohl, Soldering and brazing, Vacuum, volume 14, number 5, pages 175 to 198, 1964, Pergamon Press, PII 0042-207X(64)90858-9

  Peer-reviewed review article on soldering and brazing for vacuum devices, republished later in the Handbook of Vacuum Physics edited by A. H. Beck. Table XVI, Brazing filler metals for high-vacuum systems, book page 192, lists 21 filler metals with liquidus, solidus and an Applications column. The table carries its own reserve, printed under it: adapted from the list of a commercial manufacturer. It is therefore a manufacturer selection list relayed by the author, not a measurement of his own, and the Applications column names base metals without naming a partner. The page of each statement is carried by the entry that uses it, never by this registry line.

• listedBAu-1
  Kohl lists this filler for copper, Kovar and nickel.
  Conditions and source

  Book page 192, table XVI, Brazing filler metals for high-vacuum systems. The table carries its own reserve, printed under it: adapted from the list of a commercial manufacturer, so it relays a manufacturer selection list and not a measurement by the author. The Applications column names base metals and never names the other member of the joint. Row 9 of the table, composition Au 37.5 and Cu 62.5, which matches the corpus entry BAu-1 exactly. The table says nickel without a grade. The corpus carries only Nickel 200 under nickel-200, so the entry is narrower than the sentence it records.

  [A]W. H. Kohl, Soldering and brazing, Vacuum, volume 14, number 5, pages 175 to 198, 1964, Pergamon Press, PII 0042-207X(64)90858-9

  Peer-reviewed review article on soldering and brazing for vacuum devices, republished later in the Handbook of Vacuum Physics edited by A. H. Beck. Table XVI, Brazing filler metals for high-vacuum systems, book page 192, lists 21 filler metals with liquidus, solidus and an Applications column. The table carries its own reserve, printed under it: adapted from the list of a commercial manufacturer. It is therefore a manufacturer selection list relayed by the author, not a measurement of his own, and the Applications column names base metals without naming a partner. The page of each statement is carried by the entry that uses it, never by this registry line.

• does not attackCusil
  The ASM Joining article states that a silver-based filler metal such as the silver-copper eutectic does not readily attack a nickel-plated surface, and it names the limited solubility between silver and nickel as the reason.
  Conditions and source

  Page 851, Brazing subsection of the moly-manganese process, read at the page image at 150 dpi because the OCR layer of this PDF renders eutectic as entectic. The sentence reads: In contrast, silver-based brazing filler metals, such as the silver-copper eutectic alloy, do not readily attack because of the limited solubility between silver and the nickel that is plated over the molybdenum layer. THREE reserves. The document writes do not READILY attack, which is a degree and not an absolute, and this entry does not turn it into one. The nickel is a plating of a few micrometres over a sintered molybdenum layer on a metallized alumina, so the match is on the material and not on the geometry. And the sentence is the CONTRAST of the two attack statements of the same paragraph, which this corpus carries as nickel-200--cu-pur-bcu-1--asm851 and as the affinity ni--mo--asm851: reading it alone would lose what it contrasts with. The same sentence is the source of the affinity ag--ni--asm851, which carries its stated cause.

  [A]Joining, in Engineered Materials Handbook Desk Edition, M. M. Gauthier editor, ASM International, 1995, pages 846 to 864, DOI 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003056

  Handbook article, consulted as a PDF whose printed page numbers run 846 to 864. The article is itself a digest of the Ceramics and Glasses volume 4 of the Engineered Materials Handbook, so its statements are second-hand summaries of the papers it cites by Ref number. The Ref numbers are kept in the conditions of each entry, because a reader who wants the primary measurement needs them.

• wetsNioro
  Kohl states that this filler will wet tungsten and molybdenum as well as copper, Kovar, nickel and stainless steel, with excellent flow.
  Conditions and source

  Book page 192, table XVI, Brazing filler metals for high-vacuum systems. The table carries its own reserve, printed under it: adapted from the list of a commercial manufacturer, so it relays a manufacturer selection list and not a measurement by the author. The Applications column names base metals and never names the other member of the joint. Row 13 of the table, composition Ni 18 and Au 82, which matches the corpus entry Nioro BAu-4 exactly. The table says nickel without a grade. The corpus carries only Nickel 200 under nickel-200, so the entry is narrower than the sentence it records.

  [A]W. H. Kohl, Soldering and brazing, Vacuum, volume 14, number 5, pages 175 to 198, 1964, Pergamon Press, PII 0042-207X(64)90858-9

  Peer-reviewed review article on soldering and brazing for vacuum devices, republished later in the Handbook of Vacuum Physics edited by A. H. Beck. Table XVI, Brazing filler metals for high-vacuum systems, book page 192, lists 21 filler metals with liquidus, solidus and an Applications column. The table carries its own reserve, printed under it: adapted from the list of a commercial manufacturer. It is therefore a manufacturer selection list relayed by the author, not a measurement of his own, and the Applications column names base metals without naming a partner. The page of each statement is carried by the entry that uses it, never by this registry line.

• listedAWS class BAg
  The AWS combination table lists the BAg class for brazing this base metal to Cu and Cu alloys, carbon and low-alloy steels, cast iron, stainless steel, Ni and Ni alloys, Ti and Ti alloys, Be, Zr, V and alloys, reactive metals, W, Mo, Ta, Nb and alloys, refractory metals, tool steels.
  Conditions and source

  Book page 75, chapter 3, table 3.2, Base Metal-Brazing Filler Metal Combinations. The cells that carry this class for this base metal name these partners: Cu and Cu alloys, carbon and low-alloy steels, cast iron, stainless steel, Ni and Ni alloys, Ti and Ti alloys, Be, Zr, V and alloys, reactive metals, W, Mo, Ta, Nb and alloys, refractory metals, tool steels. A partner is what the cell pairs the base metal with, it does not index this entry. The table lists classes, it does not qualify them, and an empty cell is never a prohibition. The class is written as the document writes it, BAl-Si becoming BAlSi here, and it is never mapped to any grade of the corpus. The dagger printed by the document on this cell reads: special brazing filler metals are available and used successfully for specific metal combinations. The table names the family Ni and Ni alloys. The corpus carries only Nickel 200 under nickel-200, so the entry is narrower than the cell it records.

  [A]AWS Brazing Handbook, American Welding Society, chapter 3 Brazing Filler Metals and chapter 33 Electron Tubes and Vacuum Equipment

  Handbook of the American Welding Society. Three tables are read by the corpus. Table 3.2 page 75, Base Metal-Brazing Filler Metal Combinations, a two-entry matrix of base metal families whose cells carry AWS filler classes. Table 3.3 page 76, Maximum Service Temperatures Recommended for Various Brazing Filler Metal Compositions, one continuous and one short-term temperature per class. Table 33.1 page 585, Composition of Brazing Filler Metals Specially Produced for the Brazing of Vacuum Devices and Equipment, with liquidus and solidus in Fahrenheit and Celsius. The chapter, the table and the page of each statement are carried by the entry that uses it, never by this registry line.

• listedAWS class BAlSi
  The AWS combination table lists the BAlSi class for brazing this base metal to Al and Al alloys.
  Conditions and source

  Book page 75, chapter 3, table 3.2, Base Metal-Brazing Filler Metal Combinations. The cells that carry this class for this base metal name these partners: Al and Al alloys. A partner is what the cell pairs the base metal with, it does not index this entry. The table lists classes, it does not qualify them, and an empty cell is never a prohibition. The class is written as the document writes it, BAl-Si becoming BAlSi here, and it is never mapped to any grade of the corpus. The table names the family Ni and Ni alloys. The corpus carries only Nickel 200 under nickel-200, so the entry is narrower than the cell it records.

  [A]AWS Brazing Handbook, American Welding Society, chapter 3 Brazing Filler Metals and chapter 33 Electron Tubes and Vacuum Equipment

  Handbook of the American Welding Society. Three tables are read by the corpus. Table 3.2 page 75, Base Metal-Brazing Filler Metal Combinations, a two-entry matrix of base metal families whose cells carry AWS filler classes. Table 3.3 page 76, Maximum Service Temperatures Recommended for Various Brazing Filler Metal Compositions, one continuous and one short-term temperature per class. Table 33.1 page 585, Composition of Brazing Filler Metals Specially Produced for the Brazing of Vacuum Devices and Equipment, with liquidus and solidus in Fahrenheit and Celsius. The chapter, the table and the page of each statement are carried by the entry that uses it, never by this registry line.

• listedAWS class BAu
  The AWS combination table lists the BAu class for brazing this base metal to Cu and Cu alloys, carbon and low-alloy steels, stainless steel, Ni and Ni alloys, W, Mo, Ta, Nb and alloys, refractory metals, tool steels.
  Conditions and source

  Book page 75, chapter 3, table 3.2, Base Metal-Brazing Filler Metal Combinations. The cells that carry this class for this base metal name these partners: Cu and Cu alloys, carbon and low-alloy steels, stainless steel, Ni and Ni alloys, W, Mo, Ta, Nb and alloys, refractory metals, tool steels. A partner is what the cell pairs the base metal with, it does not index this entry. The table lists classes, it does not qualify them, and an empty cell is never a prohibition. The class is written as the document writes it, BAl-Si becoming BAlSi here, and it is never mapped to any grade of the corpus. The table names the family Ni and Ni alloys. The corpus carries only Nickel 200 under nickel-200, so the entry is narrower than the cell it records.

  [A]AWS Brazing Handbook, American Welding Society, chapter 3 Brazing Filler Metals and chapter 33 Electron Tubes and Vacuum Equipment

  Handbook of the American Welding Society. Three tables are read by the corpus. Table 3.2 page 75, Base Metal-Brazing Filler Metal Combinations, a two-entry matrix of base metal families whose cells carry AWS filler classes. Table 3.3 page 76, Maximum Service Temperatures Recommended for Various Brazing Filler Metal Compositions, one continuous and one short-term temperature per class. Table 33.1 page 585, Composition of Brazing Filler Metals Specially Produced for the Brazing of Vacuum Devices and Equipment, with liquidus and solidus in Fahrenheit and Celsius. The chapter, the table and the page of each statement are carried by the entry that uses it, never by this registry line.

• listedAWS class BCu
  The AWS combination table lists the BCu class for brazing this base metal to carbon and low-alloy steels, cast iron, stainless steel, Ni and Ni alloys, W, Mo, Ta, Nb and alloys, refractory metals, tool steels.
  Conditions and source

  Book page 75, chapter 3, table 3.2, Base Metal-Brazing Filler Metal Combinations. The cells that carry this class for this base metal name these partners: carbon and low-alloy steels, cast iron, stainless steel, Ni and Ni alloys, W, Mo, Ta, Nb and alloys, refractory metals, tool steels. A partner is what the cell pairs the base metal with, it does not index this entry. The table lists classes, it does not qualify them, and an empty cell is never a prohibition. The class is written as the document writes it, BAl-Si becoming BAlSi here, and it is never mapped to any grade of the corpus. The table names the family Ni and Ni alloys. The corpus carries only Nickel 200 under nickel-200, so the entry is narrower than the cell it records.

  [A]AWS Brazing Handbook, American Welding Society, chapter 3 Brazing Filler Metals and chapter 33 Electron Tubes and Vacuum Equipment

  Handbook of the American Welding Society. Three tables are read by the corpus. Table 3.2 page 75, Base Metal-Brazing Filler Metal Combinations, a two-entry matrix of base metal families whose cells carry AWS filler classes. Table 3.3 page 76, Maximum Service Temperatures Recommended for Various Brazing Filler Metal Compositions, one continuous and one short-term temperature per class. Table 33.1 page 585, Composition of Brazing Filler Metals Specially Produced for the Brazing of Vacuum Devices and Equipment, with liquidus and solidus in Fahrenheit and Celsius. The chapter, the table and the page of each statement are carried by the entry that uses it, never by this registry line.

• listedAWS class BNi
  The AWS combination table lists the BNi class for brazing this base metal to Cu and Cu alloys, carbon and low-alloy steels, cast iron, stainless steel, Ni and Ni alloys, W, Mo, Ta, Nb and alloys, refractory metals, tool steels.
  Conditions and source

  Book page 75, chapter 3, table 3.2, Base Metal-Brazing Filler Metal Combinations. The cells that carry this class for this base metal name these partners: Cu and Cu alloys, carbon and low-alloy steels, cast iron, stainless steel, Ni and Ni alloys, W, Mo, Ta, Nb and alloys, refractory metals, tool steels. A partner is what the cell pairs the base metal with, it does not index this entry. The table lists classes, it does not qualify them, and an empty cell is never a prohibition. The class is written as the document writes it, BAl-Si becoming BAlSi here, and it is never mapped to any grade of the corpus. The table names the family Ni and Ni alloys. The corpus carries only Nickel 200 under nickel-200, so the entry is narrower than the cell it records.

  [A]AWS Brazing Handbook, American Welding Society, chapter 3 Brazing Filler Metals and chapter 33 Electron Tubes and Vacuum Equipment

  Handbook of the American Welding Society. Three tables are read by the corpus. Table 3.2 page 75, Base Metal-Brazing Filler Metal Combinations, a two-entry matrix of base metal families whose cells carry AWS filler classes. Table 3.3 page 76, Maximum Service Temperatures Recommended for Various Brazing Filler Metal Compositions, one continuous and one short-term temperature per class. Table 33.1 page 585, Composition of Brazing Filler Metals Specially Produced for the Brazing of Vacuum Devices and Equipment, with liquidus and solidus in Fahrenheit and Celsius. The chapter, the table and the page of each statement are carried by the entry that uses it, never by this registry line.

• listedAWS class RBCuZn
  The AWS combination table lists the RBCuZn class for brazing this base metal to Cu and Cu alloys, carbon and low-alloy steels, cast iron, tool steels.
  Conditions and source

  Book page 75, chapter 3, table 3.2, Base Metal-Brazing Filler Metal Combinations. The cells that carry this class for this base metal name these partners: Cu and Cu alloys, carbon and low-alloy steels, cast iron, tool steels. A partner is what the cell pairs the base metal with, it does not index this entry. The table lists classes, it does not qualify them, and an empty cell is never a prohibition. The class is written as the document writes it, BAl-Si becoming BAlSi here, and it is never mapped to any grade of the corpus. The table names the family Ni and Ni alloys. The corpus carries only Nickel 200 under nickel-200, so the entry is narrower than the cell it records.

  [A]AWS Brazing Handbook, American Welding Society, chapter 3 Brazing Filler Metals and chapter 33 Electron Tubes and Vacuum Equipment

  Handbook of the American Welding Society. Three tables are read by the corpus. Table 3.2 page 75, Base Metal-Brazing Filler Metal Combinations, a two-entry matrix of base metal families whose cells carry AWS filler classes. Table 3.3 page 76, Maximum Service Temperatures Recommended for Various Brazing Filler Metal Compositions, one continuous and one short-term temperature per class. Table 33.1 page 585, Composition of Brazing Filler Metals Specially Produced for the Brazing of Vacuum Devices and Equipment, with liquidus and solidus in Fahrenheit and Celsius. The chapter, the table and the page of each statement are carried by the entry that uses it, never by this registry line.

Against another base metal, no filler named:

• not recommendedMg and Mg Alloys
  The AWS combination table does not recommend brazing this base metal to Mg and Mg Alloys.
  Conditions and source

  Book page 75, chapter 3, table 3.2, Base Metal-Brazing Filler Metal Combinations. The cell names no filler metal of any kind, neither a grade nor an AWS class. It states something about the combination of two base metals and nothing else. The document prints this reserve under the table and it is carried here in full: X means not recommended, however special techniques may be viable for certain dissimilar metal combinations. The table names the family Ni and Ni Alloys, and the corpus carries only Nickel 200.

  [A]AWS Brazing Handbook, American Welding Society, chapter 3 Brazing Filler Metals and chapter 33 Electron Tubes and Vacuum Equipment

  Handbook of the American Welding Society. Three tables are read by the corpus. Table 3.2 page 75, Base Metal-Brazing Filler Metal Combinations, a two-entry matrix of base metal families whose cells carry AWS filler classes. Table 3.3 page 76, Maximum Service Temperatures Recommended for Various Brazing Filler Metal Compositions, one continuous and one short-term temperature per class. Table 33.1 page 585, Composition of Brazing Filler Metals Specially Produced for the Brazing of Vacuum Devices and Equipment, with liquidus and solidus in Fahrenheit and Celsius. The chapter, the table and the page of each statement are carried by the entry that uses it, never by this registry line.

Chemical affinity

What documents state about a BINARY SYSTEM, one element of a filler metal faced with one element of this material. An affinity is not a verdict on a joint: a joint brings many binaries together at once, some helpful and some harmful, and what follows is the list of those the corpus can name. The count below is not written anywhere. It falls out of the crossing of this material's elements with the composition of every filler the corpus holds, so it grows on its own the day a binary enters the corpus.

Elements of this material: Ni, the material is the element.

Open in the brazing abacus →